Mackintosh chionetsero mu boma la Russia: "The Ndondomeko ya kalembedwe latsopano"

Mackintosh kwenikweni ophatikizapo chizindikiro lonse la British chi luso Nouveau zomangamanga. Scot ndi kubadwila pamoyo wake wonse kupanga luso lawo wotchuka. Kawirikawiri pa chionetsero mu Moscow Kremlin kuika yekha katswiri kwambiri. Iwo amagwira ntchito mwa ojambula zithunzi ponseponse Osema ndi mapulani, anazindikira lonse.

Yachilendo chionetsero, chithunzi

Zipinda imodzi-Lawi Komiti ya Mkulu wa Mabishopu Palace anaonekera mipando matabwa a pamwamba osiyana ndi masitaelo. Pa makoma popachika zojambula ndi nkhani yachilendo.

Kenako malo mu kalembedwe m'chombocho.

Kusiyana modernity ndi abstraction mwa nthawi Tingaone mwa aliyense wa Scottish mbuye.

Chifukwa cha opanga choyambirira cha njira chionetserocho, chionetserocho linaikidwa wina uyu chipilala kamangidwe, kumene zisudzo bwino boma la Russia. Chimodzi-Lawi Komiti anasunga m'zaka za m'ma XVII, makamaka wasankhidwa kuti holo chionetsero. Zinkakhalira pa malo chionetsero likugwirizana ntchito Mackintosh.

Art British ku Russia

Charles Rennie Mackintosh, amene chionetsero anatsegula mu Moscow - yotamandika kwambiri chithunzi ngakhale amakonda onse zinthu zachilendo British. The Gallery wa Modern Art Tate Modern mazana angapo a zojambula modabwitsa ziboliboli ndi zinthu zokongoletsera. Ndipo anthu a Russia zambiri akutama chakale luso tingawapeze kalembedwe ndi amakedzana. Palibe chachilendo chakuti chionetsero Macintosh mu boma la Russia anayamba kumverera kwa mafani zaluso ndi zomangamanga.

Charles anabadwa mu kutali 1868, ndipo anafa mu 1928. Pa moyo wake anatha kuona ndi nkhondo zapachiweniweni, nkhondo ndi lonse. Mbali zina za moyo wake zikupezeka mu ntchito za mlembi.

Nthumwi za m'Sukulu ya Tirhana, amene panopa mumzinda mafakitale Glasgow ku Scotland McIntosh kutamandidwa kwa zaka zambiri. Nouveau kwenikweni anadza wamoyo pansi zipangizo wake zojambula. Iye Adadzadzidwa lokonzedwanso anayamba kusewera ndi tanthauzo latsopano.

Iye anakhala kumayambiriro kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi ntchito mpaka pamphambano ya mitundu yambiri ya luso.

Modern mwatsopano

Mackintosh anapereka chachiwiri mphepo modernity, zomwe kumapeto kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri anayamba yaitali kuposa yokha. Wojambula mwa ntchito, iye bwinobwino ophatikizana kupenta ndi mamangidwe a.

Kupanga ziwembu mipando kapena kutsogolera burashi pa chinsalu cha, McIntosh, amene amasonyeza ali wotchuka kwambiri, sanachitepo mantha mitundu yatsopano, kaphatikizidwe mitundu. Ndiponso zipangizo zimene iye anasankha olengedwa atsopano, kupanga aliyense ntchito yake ndi wapadera kwambiri. Anakhala kudzoza zazikulu mosiyanasiyana zojambula.

Pamaso Mackintosh luso chi pa nthawi anali wosiyana kwambiri. Kukhala wotchuka pa nthawiyo wamanga wa kalembedwe ndi otchuka lero. The kudalirana a masiku ano chakale sukulu, kuyesera mwambo sanathe bwino ankaimira ndi chionetsero mu boma la Russia.

izi Mac ndi ndani?

Mu Scotland, bambo a modernity wotchedwa Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Luso talente anaona ngakhale sekondale, umene pamodzi ndi maphunziro madzulo pa sukulu ya Art Glasgow. Chifukwa cha nzeru ake apadera Charles analandira maphunziro zina, zomwe zinamuthandiza kupita ku Italy ndi France. M'mayikowa, iwo ankaganiza ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga, zipilala ndi zojambula. Pamene anabwerera ku Scotland lakwawo, Mackintosh waganiza zimene iye amafuna moyo, ndipo anayamba kuchita maloto.

Iye sanazengereze ntchito chabe monga draftsman mu m'dera olimba mapulani chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa mwini. Kale mu 1893 panali woyamba chodabwitsa ntchito Charles Tower "Glasgow Herald". Charles anakwatira mnzakeyo ku Art School nakakhala naye kwa moyo wosangalala.

Ngakhale kuti Europe watenga ntchito yake mwakhama kulimba mtima ndiwofatsa wamanga British Sanayamikire.

Genius anali membala wa gulu la ojambula zithunzi amatchedwa "anai." gulu unakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za ophunzira, Charles. Iwo unalembedwa ndi mnzake Gerbert Makneyr, ndi alongo awiri, Frances ndi Margaret Macdonald. "Glasgow kalendala" Pamodzi, iwo anakhazikitsa watsopano kwathunthu kapangidwe kalembedwe otchedwa.

Tsopano chionetsero Charles Rennie Mackintosh - ichi ndi chizindikiro odziwika padziko lonse.

Makintoshizm

Charles Mackintosh ndayesera kuti ndizichita chirichonse zake. Iye mwamsanga anabwera kalembedwe kuti zinali zovuta kunena kuti munthu wina. Choyamba, otsutsa ntchito njira lotchedwa "mkati ndi kunja" kenako akuti "Makintoshizmom".

nyumba zonse zinalengedwa ndi Charles ayenera kuti analipo mogwirizana ndi ulemerero mkati, mipando. Nyumbayo ndi zinthu mu izo kukhala thupi limodzi.

ntchito yake ndi zinchito kwambiri, palibe-zamkhutu, okongola ndi mawonekedwe kaso. Kuti Charlz Makintosh, amene chionetserocho likupezeka tsopano Russian anthu, kutsogozedwa ndi latsopano Art Nouveau zaphindu njira, ndi okhwima mizere mwamasamu yeniyeni ndi nyumba zachilendo.

ntchito wamanga

The ntchito Glasgow Mackintosh anamanga nyumba zingapo. ntchito yake mosavuta maonekedwe. Komanso, iwo bwinobwino yothandiza mitundu m'deralo.

The nyumba wotchuka mu Macintosh:

• kumanga m'nyumba Hill House;
• Native Macintosh School of Art;
• sukulu ina ku Glasgow;
• msondodzi zipinda tiyi;
• Mpingo wa Queens Cross.

Nyumba zimenezi kungafanane tsitsi. Charles makamaka lolunjika ndendende pa chitsanzo ichi kutsindika mamangidwe a miyambo ya Scotland.

Mackintosh sanaope kusakaniza mu nyumba zitsulo awo, galasi konkire.

Mipando kwa mlengi

Chosefukira ndingaliro ya wamanga ndi wojambula, sikuloledwa kwa okhawa.

Iye kuchita za zosiyanasiyana luso. Pambuyo bwino njira kamangidwe, nyumba m'tawuni Mackintosh ananyamula katundu. Mac chionetsero mu boma la Russia anaperekanso ku Russian omvera zitsanzo ntchito yake.

Chidutswa cha mipando, zopangidwa ndi mlengi, ndi wapadera. Wachiwiri ngati kulibe. Charles wokometsedwera mipando yawo ndi matebulo siliva, anakonza iwo mu zitsulo, yokutidwa ndi enamel kapena anakaliika iwo wachikuda galasi.

Kulengedwa kwa namatetule

Komanso mipando ndi mamangidwe nyumba, analenga zina zachidule kwa murals, zovala, mawindo, mazenera pakhomo galasi, fireplaces ndipo ngakhale maola. Azikongoletsa makoma m'nyumba zawo, iye anabwera ndi stencils, ndipo anakhala chizindikiro wake. Makamaka Ine azikongoletsa maluwa onse, omwe amaimira wolemba.

anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti Charles Mackintosh utoto zikwangwani panja ndi zithunzi. Adagwiritsa ntchito pulani matikiti akuitanira ndi zina zotero.

Mlengi anabwera ndi siginecha wake wosasintha. Aliyense kalata, zimaŵetedwa iwo, kotero la ntchito za luso.

zojambula

McIntosh sanathe msanga kwa kupenta mwachizolowezi. Mu ubwana wake, iye anali kusangalala kwambiri ndi akalumikidzidwa atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena kuti akhoza kumanga.

Mu ukalamba nthawi yoyamba m'malo cholembera kujambula pa burashi. Zaka zake zimachepa, Charles mwachangu utoto malo, komabe lifes. Zonse izi zichitike watercolors, mu chikhalidwe wake mosavuta maonekedwe.

wamanga zojambula ndi chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa analengedwa osati ochuluka kwambiri, ndipo aliyense wa zojambula wake imatengedwa katundu anthu mu Scotland ndi UK wonse.

Kodi mukuona kuonetsa?

nyumbayi mu Glasgow sanathe kumasulira katswiri mapulani a Macintosh ndi zokhazo ntchito zing'onozing'ono, koma mochepa wofuna.

Iwo akhoza ankaona ngati zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho waukulu chionetserocho:

• Macintosh chithunzi utoto watercolor mitunda ya Scotland;
• mipando yapadera, monga mipando ndi matebulo;
• kalirole;
• Zitsanzo Interiors;
• stencils ndi makalata mabuku wotchuka ndi;
• nyali.

Yapadera m'chigawo litapita zinthu za mkati, zomwe McIntosh anapanga choti anthu ku Glasgow ndi m'midzi yapafupi. Mu chipinda chino pali tebulo, mpando kapena kalilole, anayamba ndi mamangidwe ake. Onse pamodzi amalenga zikuchokera ndi malinga zojambula zanu ndi wolemba. Komanso mu Russia litapita ndi mitundu ina ya mipando ku okonzera tiyi kalembedwe Chinese.

Popanda wolingalira okhwima ndondomeko cholinga mipando wotaya kufunika kwake luso monga luso chinthu. Choncho, pamene chionetserocho analengedwa Macintosh mu boma la Russia, amene anafika ku Scotland alendo bwinobwino analangiza anzake Russian.

Mwatsoka, zina kuti anali kuyenera kukhala pa kuonetsa wavutika pa moto. Mu Glasgow, akayaka kulengedwa kwa Macintosh, Sukulu ya luso. Alma wake Mater. oimira sukulu ankayenera kuti akapereke makope ena a ntchito Charlza Renni Mackintosh kwa chionetsero mu boma la Russia Museum, koma sanathe kutero chifukwa cha tsokalo.

Atamva zimenezi, oimira chionetserocho mu Moscow anasonyeza chifundo awo ndi chiyembekezo kuti sukulu adzatha msanga achire ndi kupitiriza kugwira ntchito ndi amkhalapakati awo m'tsogolo.

Khololo Palace, kapena m'malo Lawi ake Komiti, limene ndinkakhala nalo kuyendera chionetserocho, ndi wodalira bwino. zikutiuza wakhala pulogalamu kwa mndandanda wonse wa zisudzo umene umachitika mu kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale za boma la Russia mu Moscow. chionetsero okonza kupitiriza kuchita dongosolo lake. Alikufuna kuti atchule Muscovites ndi alendo a mzinda ndi nthumwi kwambiri ndi kwambiri a dziko la chisunzo lero ndi atumwi zapitazi.

Chimodzi-Lawi Komiti, pambuyo anayesera njira zambiri potsiriza kubwezeretsedwa mu 2005. Pa nthawi yomweyo kwa nthawi yoyamba anaganiza titembenukira kwa holo zisudzo. Only chionetsero bwino mu Moscow umakhoza kumeneko.

Komiti - chipilala woona wa zomangamanga boma, amene anabwera kwa ife kuchokera mu kuya kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Pa mwambo wa chikumbutso 200th wa kukhalako kwa zinthu zakale Kremlin mu nyumba ino munali chionetsero chachikulu ulemu wa mafumu Russian ndi amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida.

Ogwira ntchito za Russian Museum anasangalala kwambiri ndi mwayi kuika pa malo ake ntchito Mackintosh. Mackintosh chionetsero mu boma la Russia anayamba kugwira ntchito yake.