Makalasi pa Blake: malo a mphako, gulu ndi mankhwala a caries mano

Chifukwa m'kagulu caries chili kuti? Ndi kokha pa Koyamba matenda yosavuta kudziwika kwa aliyense. Kwa mano, pali kusiyana kwa wosiyanasiyana, ndipo aliyense wa iwo amafuna yake njira yapadera mankhwala.

Caries ndi osiyana

Caries - matenda ambiri M'mimbamo m'kamwa, kukhala malo osiyana mano angakhale osiyana ndi chithunzi matenda kwa ndondomekoyi. Pakuti mayiko mankhwala, kusankha olondola yokonza dzino ndi ntchito wosindikiza mitundu chuma m'kagulu caries mano. Choncho kuonetsetsa makalasi pa Blake, kuya la kugonjetsedwa, ndi digiri ya ntchito za ndondomeko chiwonongeko, ndi kukhalapo kwa mavuto, chikhalidwe matenda ndi malo chotupa cha.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi gulu akufuna mu 1986 ndi mano American George. Black. Cholinga chake chinali systematization mfundo za mankhwala zosiyanasiyana mitundu khalidwe la caries dzino.

Makalasi pa Blake

Black kuzindikiridwa makalasi zisanu localize padziko, kuti ali, malingana ndi kumene izo ili carious M'mimbamo:

1. fissures kutanthauzira (ming'alu ndi matendawa, mu enamel occlusal padziko), maenje molars ndi premolars (yaikuluikulu molars), canines ndi incisors.
2. Zimatikhudza motani awiri kapena kuposa kali ndi - akagwidwa ndi medial ndi wapotalikira (caries kutsogolo mano) kapena occlusion (kutafuna ndi kudula pamalo) molars ndi premolars.
3. Kukula kwa matenda pa gawo medial ndi wapotalikira wa canines ndi incisors.
4. Kutanthauzira ndi chimodzimodzi kuti a kalasi lachitatu, kuphatikiza entrained ngodya ya korona gawo kapena kudula pamwamba.
5. M'mimbamo akuchita gawo khomo lachiberekero wa gulu lililonse la mano.

ndi Black Mayeso dongosolo embodiments zonse zitheka kwa mphako, aliyense wa iwo amapereka mankhwala osiyana, njira kukonzekera dzino wodwalayo ndi kukhazikitsa chisindikizo.

Kalasi yoyamba ndi Black

Ili carious M'mimbamo potero kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kuswa chisindikizo m'mphepete mwa kuthamanga pa izo pa kutafuna. Pamene kukonzekera dzino zikuphatikizapo miyeso kuti achotse zimenezi zingathe. Izi zimachitika ndi kuchepetsa bevel enamel ndi kuikuta ndi thicker wosanjikiza kudzaza zakuthupi. Pamene ntchito gulu ndi mankhwala akuchiritsa umagwiritsidwa kufanana pansi M'mimbamo ake, monga shrinkage adzakhala mwachindunji kwa zamkati. Ngati inu ntchito kuwala anachiritsa chuma, yaikidwa slanting zigawo. Shrinkage Pankhaniyi udzayamba kulamulira gwero polymerization. Zigawo ndikagone kuchokera pansi pakati m'mphepete mwa M'mimbamo ndi, glare kumachitika mwa makoma mbali, ndipo pambuyo - perpendicular pamwamba kutafuna. Chifukwa, zolimba zoyenera zimatheka mu M'mimbamo chisindikizo.

Masiteji nadzaza cavities a kalasi yoyamba ya

Zimenezi ayenera kumwedwa mano kuti achiritse kalasi 1 Blake:

• anesthetize (ntchito mankhwala ochititsa gel kapena utsi lidocaine wa) ,
• akonze dzino (kukonzekera kumafuna pobowola kwambiri carious gawo la minofu molimba)
• ngati n'koyenera kuti asanene zokutira zitsulo gasket (kuteteza kukhudzana kwa gulu kwa zamkati ndi mkwiyo wake)
• asidi nkhaka ndi muzimutsuka, ziume M'mimbamo,
• olekanitsidwa malovu,
• kwenikweni ntchito phunziroli (kwa dentin)
• Ikani zomatira (mgwirizano pakati membala wa gulu ndi nsalu dzino kapena phunziroli)
• wosanjikiza ndi chuma wosanjikiza kuponya kugwira akuchiritsa ake,
• kusintha mawonekedwe ankafunila, kutulutsa liza ndi kupukuta,
• kupanga glare (komaliza akuchiritsa).

M'kalasi yachiwiri ndi Black

Mavuto yake kalasi 2 Black zikusonyeza mankhwala ake a zolinga zikuluzikulu ziwiri - kulenga kukhudzana kwambiri pakati pa mano ndi kupereka zoyenera snug wa gulu kumalire a M'mimbamo chachikulu. Kawirikawiri ndondomeko kudindidwa ndi kobvuta ndi maonekedwe a zisindikizo chinsalucho itsike mpaka m'munsi m'mphepete, kupanda kukhudzana pakati pa mano kapena mfundo yokhala ndi mphako. Pofuna kupewa izi, ntchito bokosi woonda ikuchitika dzino kuchepetsa (mmene angathere) ntchito wedges matabwa. Mu powapatsa interdental danga masanjidwewo ndi kuliika mphero, ndiye wothira madzi. Kopanda kutupikana ndi amakankhira dzino. Njira imeneyi pamene kudzaza kupewa chinsalucho itsike mpaka m'munsi m'mbali mwa kumadzazidwa, womwe zingachititse kutukusira kwa usinini. Wandiweyani zinthu zoyenera kuti patsekeke amapereka ntchito zomatira ndi - binder lokha chifukwa gulu akhoza mwamphamvu chokhudzana yekha ndi enamel, koma dentin lapansi.

Masiteji kudzaza cavities m'kalasi yachiwiri

ndi makalasi Black mankhwala ali zofanana, koma aliyense wa iwo amafuna mokoma wapadera wa kudzazidwa. Pano pali njira ophunzirawo chachiwiri:

• mankhwala,
• lokonzekera,
• ngati n'koyenera, kuwukonza m'kamwa,
• Unsembe wa masanjidwewo ndi kumayambiriro kwa mphero matabwa kapena chotengera,
• ngati ikuyenda popanda mano zofunika,
• ndi imposition wa zokutira zitsulo spacer (ngati n'koyenera)
• Pogwira etching ndondomeko, asidi kuchapa ndi kuyanika
  M'mimbamo
• kudzipatula dzino kwa malovu,
• kugwiritsa ntchito phunziroli ndi zomatira,
• ngati n'koyenera - kubwezeretsa enamel m'mbali (ngati alipo),
• ndi imposition a zigawo gulu,
• Kuchotsa masanjidwewo ndi mphero,
• ulamuliro interproximal kukhudzana,
• kudzudzulidwa, kupukuta,
• glare mapeto.

makalasi wachitatu ndi wachinayi

Apa, mbali yaikulu ndi ankaimba ndi kusankha mtundu wa kudzazidwa chuma, chifukwa mu nkhani iyi mano isanafalikire pa mano kutsogolo. Chifukwa koyefishienti yosiyanasiyana ya chilungamo dentin ndi enamel, mankhwala n'kofunika kugwiritsa ntchito gulu la mitundu iwiri yosiyana. Amafunikira dzino ankaoneka kwenikweni ndi chisindikizo sankaoneka ngati chigamba a. Kulenga zotsatira kwambiri zachilengedwe, ntchito azungu zakuthupi kutsanzira dentin, ndipo pafupifupi mandala - recreate enamel. Kusintha anali zosaoneka, bevel enamel aphimbidwa ndi mamilimita 2-3. Nkofunika kuti ntchito yabwino kuchita mano abwino amene molondola kudziwa chilungamo cha dzino. Pali madigiri zitatu za lembalo: opaque (zambiri chikasu, opaque ngakhale zotsogola), chilungamo (chikasu-imvi mithunzi, mandala zotsogola), chimaonekera kwambiri (grayish, mandala dera tithe chachitatu cha dzino.

Masiteji kudzaza cavities 3 ndi 4 makalasi

Kuti asindikize wachitatu ndi wachinayi makalasi a cavities ndi Black, dotolo wamano achite zinthu zotsatirazi:

• kuyeretsa pamwamba pa zolengeza,
• kudziwa dzino mthunzi,
• anesthetize,
• kukonzekera dzino kumasula kwa minofu yowola
• anapereka ulusi umene Anabweza kapena masanjidwewo pamene zofunika (anakhudzidwa gingival malire)
• ntchito chimateteza akalowa,
• ngati n'koyenera, kubwezeretsa contours a mano,
• asidi muzimutsuka ndi youma M'mimbamo,
• wodzipatula malovu,
• Ntchito phunziroli (ngati mukufuna) ndi zomatira
• plobiruyuschy amalowerera zigawo za chuma,
• kuchotsa masanjidwewo ndi filaments zoti akawerenge,
• kusintha m'mphepete, kuumba dzino,
• akupera ndi kupukuta,
• glare mapeto.

Chachisanu kalasi ndi Black

Pankhaniyi, kufunika ndicho ubale wa m'kamwa ndi cavities. Ndi zotupa kwambiri ndi kutseka m'mphepete m'munsi a usinini, magazi ake, ndi mano wabwino yomweyo alinga kuti kuwukonza mphepete gingival. Pambuyo mpheto yoyenera chingamu kwa masiku angapo, zoika kudzazidwa zosakhalitsa kuthetsa mavuto zina pamene khazikitsa zonse. Chachisanu kalasi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo gulu ndi compomers (gulu-ionomer zikuchokera). Yotsirizira ntchito zotupa kungotengeka ndi mbali yaikulu ya kutanthauzira waukulu. Pa nthawi imene zokongoletsa maonekedwe ndi ofunika (kapena kulephera amakhudza okha enamel), pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala akuchiritsa nsanganizo anasankhidwa mtundu.

Ndondomeko kudzaza cavities a kalasi lachisanu

Kodi kuchita pamene kuchitira caries kalasi lachisanu:

• kuyeretsa dzino pamwamba kwa zolengeza,
• kudziwa mthunzi,
• amathera ochititsa dzanzi
• kuchita kung'ambika, kuchotsa minofu Chinachepa
• lolondola gingival malire, ngati n'koyenera,
• kulowa Anabweza chingwe,
• zoika gasket kwa kutchinjiriza, ngati n'koyenera,
• asidi Muzitsuka, wouma
• olekanitsidwa malovu,
• Ikani phunziroli ndi zomatira,
• atanyamula chuma, glare,
• akupera ndi kupukuta,
• glare mapeto.

sitandade sikisi

Wotchuka American wamano, yemwe dzina lake ndi gulu la dzina lake, Pali magulu asanu a cavities. Kwa nthawi yaitali, dongosolo lake anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi. Koma kenako kuyamba magulu Health ndi Black World Organization lasintha zazing'ono - Chinawonjezeka chisanu. Akulongosola kutanthauzira kwa caries mphepete zakuthwa incisors ndi pa zitunda mano zapambuyo.