Malo osungirako ndi malo otetezedwa

Malo osungidwa: nkhalango, mitsinje ndi mapiri - mawu awa, mwinamwake, aliyense wa ife anamva. Malo osungiramo malo ndi malo kapena malo omwe madzi amatha kukhalamo (zomera, nyama, chilengedwe) mu mawonekedwe apamwamba, osadziwika. Zomwe amasiyana ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, ndipo ndi zotani, werengani nkhaniyi.

Choyimira ndi chiyani: tanthauzo

M'zinenero zofotokozera, mawu akuti "kusungira" amatanthauzidwa ngati gawo la nthaka kapena madzi yomwe nyama, zomera, zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe sizikhalapo , zipilala za chikhalidwe ndi zomangamanga zimasungidwa ndi kusungidwa bwino. Zovuta zachilengedwe za webusaitiyi zachotsedweratu ku ntchito iliyonse yogwirizana ndi ntchito zachuma, ndipo ziri pansi pa chitetezo cha boma. Amaletsa kuphwanya umphumphu ndi zochepetsetsa zachilengedwe zomwe zalembedwa panthawi yolenga gawolo. Zomwe zimafukufuku zomwe sizikuwononga malowa ndi zololedwa.

Mabungwe a sayansi

Malo osungiramo malo ndi mabungwe a sayansi, kumbuyo kwa malo omwe tawatchulawo akukhazikitsidwa. Amaganizira momwe zinthu zakuthupi zimayendera, kutsata kusamuka ndi moyo wa zinyama, mwa njira iliyonse zimathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa anthu awo. Ntchito iliyonse yamalonda imaletsedwa apa, ndipo ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga mabungwe amenewa, komanso mabungwe osiyanasiyana.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti malo oyambirira "olembedwa" awonetseke ngakhale asanakhalepo, ku Sri Lanka. Ndipo Mtumiki Muhammad, kuteteza mtundu uliwonse wa moyo, adalengeza malo obiriwira ngati malo (monga, ku Medina - malo okwana makilomita 20). M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, mafumu ndi akuluakulu ankasamalira malo awo osaka. Pachifukwa ichi, malo osankhidwa ndi kusaka sanaletsedwe. Kuphwanya lamuloli kunalangidwa kwambiri. Zonsezi zinayesedwa kuti abweretse masewerawa (ndi zolemba zowonjezera kusaka), kotero kuti madera amenewa akhoza kutchedwa kuti conditionals.

Ku Russia ndi ku Russia

Umboni umodzi woyambirira umatikhudzana ndi nthawi ya Vladimir Monomakh. Mu Rus Rus, nkhokweyi ndi "zojambula", kumene akalonga "anapanga mikango" pa zinyama zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango ndi mitsinje (mwachitsanzo, malire a Sokoliy Rig). Dzikoli linatetezedwa ndi kutetezedwa mwa njira zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ogwidwa. Kugonjetsedwa kwa boma kunalangidwa mwamphamvu! Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chimodzi, lingaliro lenileni la "kusungira" limadza, lolembedwa mu "Choonadi cha Russia".

Kugawo lonse la Siberia, anthu onse okhalapo kumeneko kwa zaka zambiri analipo m'madera omwe anthu onse ankafunafuna nyamayo komanso mbalameyo. Malo Opatulikitsa, malo opatulika anawuka ngati chisonyezero chenicheni cha chikhalidwe cha Amayi-Chilengedwe, chofala kwambiri pakati pa okhala kumpoto. Kutetezeka kwa chitetezo kumayang'aniridwa mosamalitsa, aliyense yemwe anaphatikizidwa pa umphumphu wa chilengedwe, anagonjetsedwa ku chilango cha mwambo ndipo ngakhale kuthamangitsidwa kuchokera ku fuko! Ndipotu izi ndizo malo oyambirira a nyama zakutchire.

Zosungirako - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa za Peter Wamkulu. Kawirikawiri, malamulowa adakhudza kusungidwa kwa nkhalango, zonse zombo ndi zomangamanga, kuyesa kuwapulumutsa ku chisokonezo komanso kusadula mitengo mwa anthu osauka.

M'zaka za zana la 19 (1888), "Charter Forest" inakhazikitsidwa, kufotokozera malamulo otetezera nkhalango ndi malo. Kenaka zida za boma zinayamba kuonekera.

Pambuyo pa kusinthika, chitetezo cha nkhokweyi chinaperekedwanso chidwi. Chigamulo chapadera (1921) chinasaina, ndikuyendetsa izi.

Tsopano, kuyambira chaka cha 2014, pali malo opitilizidwa ndi boma ku Russia, kuphatikizapo malo osungirako zachilengedwe omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri: Baikal, Sakhalin, Altai, Bryansk Forest ndi ena ambiri.