Mankhwala Neuroprotective - ndichiyani? Nootropics. Kukonzekera nootropic kanthu

Nootropics - Kodi mankhwalawa? Yankho funso inu mufika ku nkhani kugonjera. Komanso, mudzaphunzila mbiri ya moyo wawo unayambira, mfundo ya ntchito, katundu, zizindikiro ndi zotsatira pa ntchito.

mwachidule

mankhwala Neuroprotective - ndichiyani? Mankhwalawa bwino ubongo ntchito, rejuvenate thupi ndi moyo wautali. Iwo neyrometabolicheskie ogalamutsa kuti ndi mphamvu zotsatira kuphunzira. Komanso, kwambiri kusintha ntchito maganizo ndi kukumbukira. Mawu akuti "nootropic" wapangidwa mawu awiri a Chigriki νους ndi τροπή, kutanthauza "maganizo" ndi "kusintha", motero.

mafotokozedwe

kanthu nootropic mankhwala mulibe kalasi mu gulu la mankhwala. Ndicho chifukwa chake iwo akhala pamodzi ogalamutsa ndi ankapatsidwa kwa gulu pharmacotherapeutic zotsatirazi malamulo Kiriyati: N06VH.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Mu 1963, a pharmacologists Belgium ndi S. V. Skondia Giurgea apanga mankhwala oyamba ku gulu ankaimira mwa - "Pyracetam". Lero ndi nootropic mankhwala kudziwika kwa odwala ambiri monga "Nootropil". Ngati psychostimulant mu m'ma 20, bwino maganizo mphamvu munthu n'kukhala ndi zotsatira palibe mbali.

Mu 1972, mmodzi wa omwe adayambitsa medicament wakhala akufuna mawu akuti "nootropic" kutanthauza gulu la mankhwala kuti tizikonda kukumbukira nzeru, kuphunzira kwambiri, komanso bwanji transcallosal angathe adzalandira ntchito antihypoxic ndipo musati khama mavuto pa thupi.

Mosiyana psychostimulants ndi wodziwika ndi nootropics Zimachititsa maselo mitsempha, imbaenda zina ndi kuwonjezeka mu ntchito yawo, zomwe ndi kachulukidwe osati Mkhalidwe. Tikumbukenso kuti zochita za ambiri mwa mankhwala awa chosaoneka pambuyo mlingo woyamba ndi yaitali mankhwala.

nootropics atsopano

Panopa, kuposa 10 choyambirira nootropics apanga pyrrolidine zino, amene ali mu gawo 3 mayesero matenda, kapena mwakhala mayina m'mayiko ena. Mwa mankhwala akhoza kuzindikiridwa "oxiracetam", "nefiracetam", "Etiratsetam", "Aniracetam", "Rolziratsetam", "Izatsetam", "pramiracetam", "Tsebratsetam", "Dupratsetam", "Detiratsetam" neri Al. Anapereka mankhwala ndi dzina wamba "racetam".

Kupatula ena onse, ndipo apanga nootropics zina banja kuphatikizapo GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic ndi dongosolo peptidergic. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti nootropic yogwira pophika alipo mu medicaments ena amene ali ndi magwero mankhwala osiyana.

Mfundo ntchito

Nootropics - wotani mankhwala, ndiponso umene iwo amaikidwa? Maziko a ntchito achire mankhwala amenewa lagona njira zingapo:

• mphamvu zako pulasitiki chapakati mantha dongosolo chifukwa kuchuluka mapuloteni ndi RNA kaphatikizidwe;
• kusintha kwa mphamvu boma la manyuroni, chomwe chili kumapangitsanso ATP kaphatikizidwe komanso zotsatira antihypoxic ndi antioxidant;
• kuwongolera shuga magwiritsidwe;
• kulimbikitsa njira ya synaptic kufala mu chapakati mantha dongosolo;
• Kakhungu ofunika zotsatira.

Features mankhwala

The njira waukulu wa mankhwala ankaona kuti zotsatira awo mwachindunji pa njira kagayidwe kachakudya ndi bioenergetics maselo mitsempha, komanso mogwirizana ndi maboma a ubongo (makamaka mtundu).

Iwo kalekale zatsimikiziridwa kuti nootropics amatha yambitsa adenylate cyclase ndi kuonjezera ndende zake minyewa ya. Komanso, milingo apamwamba ozungulira amp amatsogolera kudzera kusintha kamwazi wa okhudza maselo ambiri Ca2 + ayoni ndi K + kwa mofulumira kutulutsidwa kwa mtundu ubongo kwenikweni.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti adamulowetsa adenylate cyclase amatha kukhala bata kupanga ATP maselo popanda mpweya, ndi pansi zinthu hypoxia kumasulira kagayidwe mu ubongo mode kusungidwa.

mankhwala Neuroprotective okalamba ndi ana ofunika patsogolo luso lawo ndi ozindikira chitukuko kuchedwa kuchira. Opanga olimbikitsa amenewa amanena kuti mankhwala kusintha kagayidwe zidulo mkati yambitsa mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe ATP ndi RNA bwino umalowa mu BBB komanso mlingo wa shuga magwiritsidwe.

katundu nootoropov

Zotsatira za chiwerengero cha mankhwala nootropic zina ali nkhoswe mwa dongosolo ubongo mtundu (cholinergic, monoaminergic, glutamatergic).

Malinga ndi mafakitale, nootropics n'zotheka kuchita mitundu ina zotsatira, kuphatikizapo:

• antioxidant;
• Kakhungu ofunika;
• neuroprotection;
• odana hypoxic.

mankhwala ena zotheka

Nootropics kulengeza ntchito zovuta a. Chifukwa chotero chokha bwino ntchito bioelectrical ndi ntchito integrative ubongo, kuti kumaonekera monga chitsanzo khalidwe la kusintha electrophysiological (amalembedwa kuwonjezeka mlingo wa maso, komanso nsonga lalikulu, ndime dzenje la mudziwe pakati pa hemispheres ubongo, kuwongola wa wachibale ndipo mtheradi hippocampus akugwirira sipekitiramu mphamvu ndi kotekisi).

Mwa kuwongolera cortico-subcortical kulamulira, kusintha kwa kuwombola zambiri mu ubongo, munthu amadza zabwino kubalana ndi mapangidwe kukumbukira kufufuza, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti mankhwala patsogolo kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano, kusintha zinthu, maganizo, tcheru, kuzindikira, ndi kutsegula ntchito aluntha .

Ndipotu opanga ambiri amanena kuti zipangizo akhoza kwambiri bwino ndi imathandizira pa chidziwitso (kapena ntchito chidziwitso). Komabe, zinadziwika kuti zinthu sizinachitike anatsimikizira mwasayansi.

zotsatira

Malinga ndi opanga, mankhwala nootropic ndi pa zimakhudza anthu a zotsatirazi:

1. Mnemotropnoe (bwanji kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira).
2. Nootropic (bwanji mlingo wa mwayi yovutayi ndi maweruzo, komanso kusokonezeka kwa kugwira ntchito yokhudza kotekisi, kusintha yokhudza kotekisi kulamulira zochitika subcortical, chidwi, maganizo ndi malankhulidwe).
3. Adaptogenic (bwanji kulolera kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mankhwala, kuonjezera kukana wonse wa chamoyo kuti zinthu kwambiri).
4. Zomwe momveka mlingo wa manyazi, maso (zimakhudza boma la kutsitsimuka kwa oponderezedwa ndipo kunachita mdima).
5. Psychostimulant (bwanji inertia maganizo, zolinga hypobulia umphawi, mphwayi, aspontannost ndi psychomotor retardation).
6. Antiasthenic (zochitika pa kutopa, ulesi, kufooka, zochitika za kutopa thupi ndi maganizo).
7. Sedation (yafupika irritability ndi excitability maganizo).
8. Antidepressant.
9. Antikineticheskoe.
10. Vegetative (bwanji chizungulire, kupweteka syndrome tserebrastenicheskom).
11. Antiepileptic (paroxysmal chikoka kulanda ntchito).
12. Antiparkinsonian.
13. Mphamvu.
14. Somatotropinostimuliruyuschee (zikule timadzi kumasulidwa amapezeka).
15. Hypoglycemic (kuchepetsa ndende ya shuga mu madzi a m'magazi).
16. Lipolytic (pansi shuga malire analola mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a zidulo mafuta).
17. Antitoxic (excrete muli ndi n'chongoletsa zosiyanasiyana zinthu zoipa).
18. Anabolic.
19. Immunostimulant.

Ndi zothandiza mankhwala opha ziwalo kupewa nootropic?

Kodi mtundu wa mankhwala, ife kumvetsa. Koma izi zikutipatsa funso zatsopano zokhudza mmene mogwira mtima mankhwala ndi kuteteza matenda opha ziwalo. Tikumbukenso kuti zimenezi ndi kufunsidwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ntchito nootropics ndi kuvutika sankafunika anatsimikizira mankhwala umboni ofotokoza.

ntchito yachipatala

Tisanafotokoze zimene ndalama ndi ntchito mankhwala boma, tisaiwale kuti mankhwala nootropic popanda mankhwala madokotala si choperekedwa mu pharmacies. Izi anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti iwo m'gulu la yemweyo mankhwala ngati ogalamutsa wamphamvu.

Poyamba kuperekedwa ndi mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda a ubongo ndi anthu achikulire ndi organic syndrome ubongo. Ngakhale mu zaka zingapo zapitazi (zambiri m'mayiko lachitatu dziko) akhala ndithu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala, kuphatikizapo opaleshoni, Pediatrics, maganizo, ubongo, Bongo, komanso obstetric ndi geriatric ntchito.

Choncho, nootropics ntchito ndi madokotala pa:

• aakulu cerebrovascular insufficiency;
• kuledzera;
• gwero lachisokonezo ndi neurotic matenda;
• Maganizo chiyambi osiyana (senile, mtima ndi matenda a Alzheimer);
• psihorganicheskom syndrome;
• zoopsa ubongo choipa;
• vegetative-mtima dystonia;
• oziziritsa magazi matenda;
• aluntha-maganizo matenda (kulemala ndende, kukumbukira ndi maganizo);
• aakulu uchidakwa (psychoorganic syndrome, encephalopathy, achire);
• maganizo asthenic kuvutika ndi matenda asthenic;
• CNS;
• kusintha ntchito maganizo.

Zikuonetsa ana

M'mayiko anapereka ndalama makamaka wamba mu Pediatrics. Choncho, ana nootropic mankhwala analamula kuti:

• retardation maganizo
• anachedwa kulankhula ndi chitukuko maganizo
• oziziritsa ziwalo;
• Zotsatira za CNS zotupa perinatal;
• tcheru kuchepekedwa.

nkhani zina ntchito

Best neuroprotective mankhwala - ichi ndi mankhwala amene ali ndi kutchulidwa achire zotsatira ndipo zilibe bwanji wokwiya thupi. Tikumbukenso kuti mankhwala amenewa nthawi zina mu:

• chibwibwi ( "Pantogam", "Phenibutum");
• kudzudzulidwa neuroleptic syndrome ( "hopantenic asidi", "Pyritinol", "deanol atseglumat", "Pantogam");
• hyperkinesis ( "asidi hopantenic", "Phenibutum", "Memantine");
• dysuria ( "Pantogam", "nicotinoyl-GABA");
• matenda kugona ( "Phenibut", "kashiamu Popanga madzi a gamma-hydroxybutyrate," "Glycine");
• migraine ( "Pyritinol", "nicotinoyl-GABA", "Semaks");
• chizungulire ( "Ginkgo biloba", "Phenibutum", "Pyracetam");
• chifukwa kupewa matenda apaulendo ( "GABA", "Phenibut").

Mwa njira, kuchita ophthalmic, ndalama amenewa kugwiritsidwa ngati gawo la kuphatikiza amalimbikitsa otsegula ngodya khungu, matenda mtima wa diso ndi macula ( "nicotinoyl-GABA"), komanso obwera ndi ukalamba macular alibe ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy ( "Ginkgo biloba").

nootropics zachilengedwe

Kuwonjezera mankhwala, chifukwa zotsatira achire kawirikawiri ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe ndi katundu zofanana. Kumene, nootropics achilengedwe osati monga ogwira oimira pharmacological, koma patapita masabata angapo a ntchito, odwala ndinayamba kuzindikira kusintha ntchito chidziwitso, ndi zina zotero.