Mankhwala okhala

Wamoyo biosphere mankhwala zikutanthauza kapangidwe kake monga organic (mankhwala) kapena zochita kupanga (mchere) zigawo.

Oposa 90%, anapanga makamaka a Mpweya, hydrogen ndi asafe, zimapanga nthaka zomera. Akatswiri amanena nkhani wamoyo - ndi imodzi mwa ambiri "wamphamvu" Dziko mphamvu geochemical. Mpatuko pa mphambano ya hydrosphere, lithosphere ndi mlengalenga. Zinthu zoipa, njira moyo zithe kapena liŵirolo moti palibe mawonetseredwe owoneka a moyo. Choncho, kukhala mkhalidwe inaimitsidwa makanema ojambula.

Kukhala nkhani ali mbali yake yeniyeni.

Mu malo oyamba, izo amakhala ndi nambala yaikulu ufulu mphamvu. Mu nkhani ya mankhwala zochita kupanga ku moyo (mphamvu kuchuluka) akhoza ukugwira utuluke ephemeral chiphalaphala, ndisanadye nthawi kuziziritsa.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu ndi liwiro zosiyanasiyana mankhwala. Iwo ali mu vuto moyo, mosiyana akadali, zimachitika nthawi masauzande ambiri mofulumira.

Chinthu chapadera ndi zikuchokera. nkhani moyo zikuphatikizapo mankhwala osiyana (michere, mapuloteni, etc.). Awa ndi mankhwala kuonetsa bata yekha m'mikhalidwe yabwino. Mbali yaikulu Mbali imeneyi ndi khalidwe la zigawo mchere.

nkhani moyo amapanga gulu kwawo. V. I. Vernadsky, kukhulupirira kuti gululi mwachuluka kudziletsa chilangizo, anasankha awiri a mtundu wapadera. chabe The aumbike mwa kuswana ndi chibadidwe nyama ndi zomera. Malangizo a kayendedwe ka zinthu (khalidwe zambiri nyama kuposa zomera) amalenga thupi lithe kuyenda. Kukhala nkhani komanso osiyana chilakolako kudzaza danga lonse.

Mbali khalidwe ndi mankhwala lalikulu ndi kuchuluka morphological. Kukhala kanthu, mosiyana akadali, angakhale chokha madzi kapena gaseous sing'anga.

Mu chikhalidwe pali omwazika thupi - zamoyo payekha. Iwo amapanga kanthu wamoyo. Pankhaniyi izo siziri pa dziko mu maonekedwe morphologically wangwiro - mu mawonekedwe a anthu a zamoyo woimira mtundu umodzi - nthaŵi zonse biocenosis.

Landilani kusinthana kwa mibadwo amapereka ulalo majini amakono moyo kanthu kamene mu mibadwo zapitazi. Pamene mbali ndi ndondomeko chisinthiko. M'mawu ena, kubereka kwa ikuchitika osati pamaziko a buku mtheradi za mibadwomibadwo ya m'mbuyomu, ndipo kudzera kusintha amuzolengedwa ndi morphological.

Pali zisanu ntchito yaikulu ya nkhani wamoyo.

1. Mphamvu mayamwidwe ndi ntchito ya mphamvu ya dzuwa kupyolera photosynthesis, ndi ladzala ndi kuwonongeka zinthu - mayamwidwe mphamvu mankhwala.
2. Mu moyo wa mitundu ina ya kusankha kudzikundikira amapezeka. Mbali imeneyi imatchedwa ndende. Kungakhale kuchuluka lalikulu ndende mu zigawo zikuluzikulu sing'anga kapena kudzikundikira enieni chimodzi kapena zinthu zina, kaya a sing'anga.
3. Payload ntchito ndi abiogenous mineralization zinthu organic mu kuwonongeka zopanda moyo mankhwala zochita kupanga nawo kwachilengedwenso mkombero anapanga zigawo zikuluzikulu.
4. Topezeka ntchito ndi kusintha kwa magawo thupi ndi mankhwala a chilengedwe.
5. Chifukwa kayendedwe ka ankachita chakudya zimachitika misa lalikulu la zinthu ndi yopingasa malangizo ndi yokoka. Choncho, ntchito zoyendera imagwiridwa.