Wild munthu. anthu wosazindikira ndi ana awo

Wosazindikira anthu. anali oti chiyani? Ndipo izo zimawoneka ngati anali kudziŵa? Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti anapeza mayankho mogwira mtima mafunso awa, koma ndi zoona? .. M'nkhaniyi, tidzakhalanso kukapeza komwe anthu zakutchire moyo lero.

Woyamba amuna zakutchire Padziko Lapansi

Anthu akale, kuti ndi mtundu wawo woyamba kwambiri ndi kwambiri zakutchire, anaonekera padziko okwana 2.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Zotsatirazi Darwin, iwo kusanduka kuchokera Australopithecus amene ali ndi anyani kwambiri. Iwo anatuluka zaka miliyoni 3.5-2 zapitazo mu Africa. Kumwera nkhwere, ngati icho chinali kutchedwa Australopithecus anali ndi ubongo waung'ono ndi chibwano chachitsulo. Iwo akanakhoza kugwira mu manja awo zinthu ngati miyala kapena timitengo ndi ankadzakhala chilili.

masinthidwe jini izi zachitika zinachititsa kuti mitundu iwiri - Homo erectus (Homo erectus) ndi anthu ntchito.

Homo erectus - anthu kapena nyama?

Homo erectus - woyamba munthu wa m'thengo amene wabwera ku Ulaya. Pamene ndendende Kodi Iye anazichita izo, n'kovuta kunena mbiri yakale kuloza kwa masiku osiyana. anthu awa wakale anasonkhana ochepa mafuko ndipo anapanga njira yakuti: ankasakidwa, anamanga okha kwake achikale. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito moto, koma sankadziwa mmene kuchotsa izo. The zapamwamba kwambiri chikhalidwe kuposa akapolo anzawo akale, iwo kale m'manda akufa ndipo ngakhale azimulambira mitundu ina ya ziweto zawo.

Mtundu Homo erectus anali ngati maonekedwe a nyani - otsika, mumbali mphumi ndipo palibe chibwano. Dzanja lamanja ndi olemera kuposa kumanzere. Komabe, maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe iwo anali ngati makolo awo - thupi yokutidwa ndi ubweya, moyenerera kakulidwe manja ndi miyendo, kulankhulana kupyolera manja ndi kukuwa.

zaka 200,000 zapitazo ku Ulaya panali zakutchire, anthu wosazindikira - akalewa. Kukhala moyo kotala wa zaka miliyoni padziko lapansi, mwadzidzidzi, asayansi ndi kukanda mitu yawo pa chithunzi ichi.

Akalewa: iwo ndani, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani wapita?

Akalewa nalo dzina lawo pa Neanderthal choonera Germany, ndi wina wa zigaza ochepa a anthu mtundu uwu wapezeka kumeneko. Masiku ano, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti sali mbadwa mwachindunji anthu, koma achibale awo. jini awo alipo DNA wa munthu amakono (osati wapezeka yekha mu Africa) mu kuchuluka kwa 1 mpaka 4%. Masiku ano, asayansi amavomereza kuti Cro-Magnons, ana sizoona kwa munthu wamakono zoona, sizinkachitika pambuyo akalewa, ndipo anakhala nawo pa nthawi yomweyo 20 000 zaka. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mitundu akhoza mandasi.

N'chifukwa chiyani akalewa zikutha? Pali Mabaibulo ambiri, koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo sanapeze chitsimikiziro odalirika. Ena amakhulupirira kuti mlandu Ice Age, winayo - kuti kupululutsa anapereka mwamuna wina zakutchire - Homo sapiens - monga Hardy ndi chitukuko cha mitundu wanzeru. Koma mfundo ndi yakuti - ndi akalewa anamwalira pamene Cro-Magnons zambiri amatha chitukuko.

Cro-Magnon, kapena Homo sapiens

Cro-Magnons - ndi dzina wamba makolo a munthu ano. chitukuko n'chosiyana kwambiri kuti a akapolo anzawo akale, koma maonekedwe ali kusiyana pang'ono anthu amakono. Cro-Magnon mu lingaliro timapangira zambiri amatchedwa sapiens Homo (munthu wanzeru). Izi ndiye matanthauziro tidzagwiritsa ntchito zina.

Ambiri lonse ndi oyambirira chigaza cha mtundu apezeka Ethiopia, m'badwo wawo pafupifupi 160,000 zaka. Izi munthu wa m'thengo anali chofanana pafupifupi anthu amakono - nsidze pang'ono kutchulidwa, oumbidwa pamphumi ndi nkhope yosalala. View dzina lake Homo sapiens adultu, mwachitsanzo anthu wamkulu pa Dziko Lapansi. Choncho, asayansi California apeza kuti anthu Padziko Lapansi pafupifupi 200,000 zapitazo Africa kenako anafalikira m'dziko lapansili. Pa chiyambi cha Upper Paleolithic (pafupifupi 40,000 zapitazo) dera malo awo kale yokutidwa pafupifupi dziko lonse.

Gen. amuna kuthengo

Ngakhale kuti anatenga pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri zaka, kuyambira Kubwera kwa dziko la munthu woyamba, akatswiri bwino kwambiri kulengedwanso moyo wake. Choncho, amadziwika kuti poyamba anthu ankakhala m'madera ang'onoang'ono, monga mavuto a nthawi okha kuti apulumuke munthu n'zoti sakanakwanitsa. Ngakhale zili choncho, aliyense ali ndi ufulu ndi udindo wawo, ndi migodi ankakonda. Zida natumikira earner ndodo ndi thanthwe lakuthwa.

Wild munthu ankakhala moyo wosamukasamuka, nthawi zonse amayenda malo kukafunafuna chakudya. Camp anakonza pafupi mfundo kutsirira, zimveke kusaka kwa chakudya lotsatira. Popeza zipangizo zofunika kumanga nyumba sanali nyumba m'dera anali m'mapanga ndi m'zigwa. Ndi akungotaya nthawi padziko phanga anakhamukira zambiri, kukakamiza anthu asamukire wina.

Ngakhale zili choncho, moto unali analamulira munthu, kotero mosamala ankatetezera m'mapanga masana ndi usiku.

Mzinda woyamba dziko inamangidwa 3400, BC. Iye anali mu South America, ndipo adatchedwa Real Alto. mudzi uwu uli wamkulu monga mapiramidi Iguputo. Kodi nyumba chidwi mu mzinda zimamangidwa mwandondomeko masamu, ngati akufuna anaima ndipo usilikali pasadakhale.

Kodi kuvala amuna zakutchire?

Kodi mtundu wa zovala ankavala amuna wakale kuthengo ndipo ngati iwo ankavala konse? 170 000 zapitazo, anthu choyamba kuganizira za zovala. Asayansi ndikukhulupirira iyo inali iye amene anamuthandiza kuti kupitirira Africa ofunda ndi amasamukira ku malo ndi nyengo yozizira. Kodi chidwi kwambiri, kunandithandiza kulongosola kuphunzira kusanduka ... nsabwe. Nsabwe ndi parasitic yekha zovala, motero, anachokera mwachindunji ndi zovala woyamba anthu zakutchire. Asayansi a ku Florida Nditakhala kuyesa pachiyambi, anatsimikizira kuti avale anthu akale anayamba osati 100, ndipo 170 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo. Mu nkhani iyi, khungu, ndiye matanthauziro a chitetezo, anthu ataya 100 000 zaka. "Ndi chodabwitsa momwe iwo anatha moyo nthawi yaitali opanda tsitsi ndi zovala," - anati Devid kuchotsa, mutu wa gulu lochita kafukufuku wa University of Florida.

Poyamba zovala amuna zakutchire angakhale kwambiri zamatsenga chitetezo ku ngozi kuchokera kunja kuposa chitetezo ozizira. zipangizo oyamba chifukwa chovala cha anthu wosazindikira - ndi CHIKWANGWANI zikopa. Pambuyo amathandizana ndi fasteners zosiyanasiyana - misomali, mano nyama, nthenga.

Cha m'ma 90s maliro anazipeza panopa Vladimir dera achinyamata, zovala zomwe zinkafanana zovala zamakono za anthu kumpoto. Ngakhale Alps mu 90s anapezeka achisanu chithunzi cha munthu "Ötzi", amene zovala inkakhala m'matumba achikopa, udzu ndi zitsamba atsopano.

anthu Wild lero

Ife - pa ana a chitukuko, koma dziko akadali kunyumba kwa mafuko ambiri, amene anatsala yemweyo, wosazindikira mlingo wa chitukuko. Ambiri - anthu zakuthengo Africa ndi Amazon, nthawi imene anali atapanga kwa zaka. Taganizirani wosazindikira ambiri a iwo.

1. Sentinelese anthu amene amakhala pachilumba cha apachipata pakati pa India ndi Thailand - lalikulu zokwanira m'dera zilipo pafupifupi 300 anthu. Iwo ali ndi luso lapadera kuoneratu masoka achilengedwe. Nawo nthawi yaitali akuyesera kuti ofufuza kukhudzana, koma sizinathandize. Iwo zikugwira nsomba, kusonkhana ndi kusaka.
2. Masai. Ambiri ndi mwamakani fuko African ndi mwambo wapadera - iwo ali ku odulidwa ubwana ndi kukoka mlomo wake chapamwamba tsamba izo amayendetsa. Fuko mitala zikuyenda bwino kuti kulingana ndi ochepa amuna wakhala kutero.
3. Gulu Nicobar ndi Andaman mafuko - ndi odya anzawo amene moyo anawazunza mzake. Komabe, ena ali kuchita zinthu zosonyeza kudya yekha pa maholide, monga "katundu chitetezo" ndi kudzadza pang'onopang'ono.
4. Pomaliza, maphwando - wamng'ono kukulitsa kwambiri wochezeka fuko. Language ndi maphwando ambiri wosazindikira, ngati ulibe kwambiri zizindikiro. Komanso, fuko mosatsata nthano zake.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, mafuko yakuthengo ya anthu masiku ano. Iwo manyazi anthu masiku ano amapewa chitukuko chibwenzi ku akatswiri kukayikirana ndi mokwiya. Koma m'kupita kwa iwo akukhala zochepa ndipo tsiku lina iwo idzapita kwathunthu ku nkhope ya dziko lapansi, kupereka njira chitukuko.