Zinthu zokhudza mlingo wa mankhwala anachita

Ndi ganizo la "liwiro" Nthawi zambiri nawo mu njira ya sayansi. The tanthauzo ambiri a liwiro ndi phindu lomwe limasonyeza bwanji amasintha khalidwe lililonse pa unit wa nthawi.

Umagwirira ntchito tanthauzo "mlingo mankhwala anachita." gulu Kudziwa mmene pa nthawi wagawo zimasiyanasiyana ndende kuyambira reagents kapena zinthu zimene analandira.

Chaka mlingo, kusintha anthu ambiri mmodzi mwa mankhwala.

Njira chidwi kwambiri malo homogeneous. Homogeneous (yunifolomu) machitidwe ndi zakumwa kapena mpweya. motero chichitike mu zonse. Mankhwala mlingo anachita zoterozo dongosolo kusintha ndende chiŵerengero kuchita masamu ndi imeneyi ya nthawi imene anachita izi zimachitika.

Non-homogeneous (sakanikira) a dongosolo lino ali motere: olimba - gasi, olimba - madzi ndi mpweya - madzi. Mu kachitidwe aka anachita zidzachitika pa pamwamba gawo malire. Mlingo wa zochita mankhwala mu kachitidwe sakanikira kudziwa chiwerengero cha timadontho-timadontho zinthu zomwe talowa kapena popangidwa ndi kuvumbula pamwamba wagawo pa nthawi unit.

Zinthu zokhudza mlingo wa mankhwala anachita

Amakhudza Kuyankha kwa anthu ambiri zinthu, kutentha, pamaso pa chothandizira (woletsa), m'dera kukhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha yogwira zosakaniza.

Choyamba, mlingo mankhwala anachita chimadalira pa ndende ya reactants lapansi. Chimakula mogwirizana mwachindunji kwa mankhwala a woipa awo. Chifukwa kuwonjezera liwiro kuchuluka kwa reagents amachita tinthu mwansanga chifukwa kuonjezera chiwerengero chawo pa wagawo buku.

Kuwonjezeka mlingo otaya za ndondomeko mankhwala limathandiza ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha. Zimene mankhwala zikuchitika mu kachitidwe homogeneous (njira madzi, mpweya zosakaniza) zimachitika chifukwa mwansanga zigawo zikuluzikulu (particles). Komabe, si nthawi zonse sagwirizana reagents kumabweretsa zatsopano. Only particles yogwira amene kuchuluka mphamvu, ungam'chititse mankhwala anachita.

Ndi kukula kutentha kumawonjezera mphamvu kayendedwe a mitundu mankhwala ndi chiwerengero cha mitundu kukangalika kumawonjezera. Choncho, zimene zidzachitika pa kutentha kusiyana ndi otsika. Kudziwa mlingo anachita zimadalira kutentha, ambiri amalola van't Hoff. zopanda ichi kuti monga kuwonjezeka kutentha iliyonse madigiri khumi Celsius, mlingo mankhwala anachita ndi chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi 3-4. Komabe, izi nthawi zambiri amapereka mfundo pafupifupi, ndipo ntchito okha orienting ndi ziyenera koyamba chikoka cha kutentha.

Great amadza pa liwiro zotani imatembenuza pamaso pa chothandizira ndi - mankhwala kuti Iyamba ndondomeko mankhwala. Catalysts kucheza ndi reagents kupanga mankhwala wapakatikati, ndipo pa mapeto a zimene iwo anamasulidwa. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha loitanirana kusiyanitsa homogeneous ndi sakanikira catalysts.

Zinthu ziletsa anachita, wotchedwa zoletsa.

Mlingo anachita chimadaliranso malo olowa kucheza wa reactants lapansi. Pofuna kuonjezera khalidwe ili, thunthu ndi milled. Mlingo pazipita comminution zimatheka ndi Kutha kwa reagents. Choncho, zochita yachangu zimachitika mu njira.

Nature reactants kumakhudzanso mlingo anachita. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo ndi magnesium ndi liwiro osiyana mu mogwirizana ndi ndende yomweyo zidulo. Ichi ndi chifukwa zosiyanasiyana ntchito mankhwala zitsulo izi.