Matabwa kufala nsanja: chithunzi, kukula, kulemera. Unsembe ndi kukonza mizati matabwa

Boma la mzere HIV ali ndi chidwi zimakhudza mtundu ntchito zogwiriziza. M'zaka 100 pamtengo matabwa Anakhalabe a nyumba zikuluzikulu za mizere pamwamba HIV (VL).

Only mu 60s wa atumwi wotsiriza iwo anayamba kuchita ndi impregnation zozitetezera. Ndiye mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito antiseptics anapatsidwa, koma bwino zomwe zagwiridwa, zikubweretsa lawola zipilalapo. Ponseponse kusintha kwa analimbitsa zipilala konkire sanali mavuto onse, chifukwa iwo apeza zolakwa, osati chibadidwe malonda ndi mtengo:

• brittleness pa amadza;
• ang'ono flexural mphamvu;
• ndithu thupi;
• kutayikira mafunde.

ubwino

pamtengo matabwa sikudzamvekanso olembedwa kutali chifukwa cha ubwino zotsatirazi:

1. Low mtengo.
2. Kuwala kulemera.
3. Pamene Lawi matabwa akugwa, kulemera lake 3 zina zosakwana konkire, izo chagona pa mawaya popanda zotsatira za "dominoes", khalidwe la zipilala kwambiri.
4. N'kofunika m'madera kulalikira mwakhama zivomerezi.
5. More kugonjetsedwa ndi katundu mphepo.
6. Mkulu dielectric makhalidwe.
7. moyo utumiki Long ndi kupanga bwino (zaka 40).
8. Iwo popanda yokonza wapadera.

zolakwa

Pamodzi ndi ubwino ndi thandizo matabwa lili zovuta.

1. Impregnating nyimbo anyamula zoipa zinthu zimene zili m'dera ntchito (mafuta mafuta a nyali, creosote, etc.). mchere; kutetezera makamaka zoipa, mafuta ofotokoza. Komanso, iwo ali pangozi yaikulu ya moto kuchuluka.
2. Mitengo ayenera kupanga ndi awiri zinafunika ndi taper.
3. mankhwala Quality akamagwira kudula chisanu ndi kuumitsa ikayamba kwa miyezi 6. M'pofunika kusamalira matabwa antiseptic, kotero iwo alibe kuvunda.

zipangizo

Limbikitse LEP nkhuni yopangidwa kuchokera ku mitengo coniferous, mmene utomoni ndi usawonongeke zachilengedwe ndi antiseptic. Kufunika lalikulu kumpoto paini, ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ndi elasticity. Mavuto amene ali zipilala konkire chifukwa fragility awo, cipo kulenga thandizo matabwa (chithunzi m'munsimu - ndi potsegula katundu idzatha).

Kutsatira impregnation kapena creosote mafuta shale, komanso zosakaniza munali mkuwa, chromium ndi Arsenic. Komanso, mothandizidwa usawonongeke kukonzedwa mwa moto (moto retardants). Izi zimathandiza kuti aike zipilala molunjika mu nthaka, popanda yowona tsatanetsatane ana, amene kumawonjezera kutalika kwa moyo wawo.

The koposa absorbent katundu ndi pine. Ngati mayendedwe ntchito spruce ndi larch, zilowerere iwo kovuta kwambiri.

Impregnation amalola mitengo m'manda yokha mu nthaka. Only pano ayenera Komanso kuteteza malekezero a zisoti atetezeke kapena phala. Nkofunika pamaso impregnation kwa miyezi 3 kuti ziume thandizo matabwa. Chikukonzekera kuti anawo a analimbitsa simenti akutitsogolera kuti akuwaza nkhuni pansi nsalu kuchokera waya ndodo.

Zofunika! Kupanga mizati ntchito mmunsi mwa mtengo (mbuyo) mmene zochepa nthambi ndi dongosolo homogeneous.

Kukula ndi mphamvu

AMATHANDIZA kutalika 3,5-13 mamita malingana diameters pa pamwamba (d) ndi pansi (D), iwo ndi zigawo izi .:

• kuyere: D = 140 mamilimita; D = 160-220 mamilimita;
• sing'anga: D = 160 mamilimita; D = 180-235 mamilimita;
• amphamvu: D = 195-210 mamilimita; D = 210-260 mm.

An chizindikiro n'kofunika mphamvu ya pansi pachithandara. Pakuti chipika awiri 190 mamilimita pazipita kupinda mphindi 55 kNm, pamene kwa 240 mm - 95 kNm.

Yosayambitsa kwa kusankha zake matabwa

1. Monga chuma ntchito kumpoto cuttings paini yozizira.
2. Mu kumtunda kwa makulidwe mzati ndi osachepera masentimita 16.
3. Monga impregnation njira ntchito amadzimadzi CCA.
4. Kudalira lathunthu kapena mmunsi mwa mmera impregnated pa mavuto 12-14 atmospheres.
5. mabowo zopangapanga pamaso impregnation.
6. impregnation mozama ndi 85% ya wosanjikiza akunja nkhuni - sapwood (40 mm).
7. The ndondomeko impregnation udzatha, ngati zogwiriziza ndi imvi wobiriwira mtundu. Ngati ndi zofiirira kapena zofiirira, zikutanthauza kuti zimene si kwathunthu. Malirewo ayenera kuonekera pa chipika odulidwa.
8. AMATHANDIZA anagulitsa ndi makalasi C ₁ ndi C _3, ndi lonse miyeso.

Features impregnating zogwiriziza

Makoma nthaka anaika popanda anawo. Malekezero ndi impregnated ndi kuposa pamwamba ndi mbali. Pa ntchito za iwo zokankhidwira 90% ya kapangidwe atetezeke. Pofuna kupewa izi, mapeto pamwamba aphimbidwa ndi denga zopangidwa kanasonkhezereka kukula 250x250 mamilimita ndi pansi ndi chatsekedwa lathyathyathya zinthu impermeable chinyezi.

GOST 20022.0-93 nkhuni impregnated thandizo pansi wothandizila zoteteza XM 11 pa mchere youma ndi kuchuluka kwa 13-15 makilogalamu / mamita ^3. Kugula matabwa posts, muyenera kudziwa zofunika zimene iwo anapangidwa, chifukwa ena specifications nambala iyi ndi saganizira ndi nthawi 2. Si onse opanga ayenera anakhalabe mankhwala luso kupanga. Izi zimafuna kulamulira khalidwe bungwe, koma katswiri akhoza kudziwa izo zowoneka.

amathandiza luso yopanga

ndondomeko amatenda zinayi zofunika kwambiri.

1. Debarking

Pa makina apadera atachotsedwa makungwa phloem. Pokhapokha kuti thunthu akuyamba ziume. Zabolonevaya nkhuni ayenera anakhudzidwa pa osachepera, chifukwa bwino impregnated ndi antiseptic. Ngati lonse pamwamba wosanjikiza skived, durability thandizo kwambiri yafupika chifukwa chakuti zidzakhala sitichedwa lawola. Kenako thandizo matabwa, kutalika kwa omwe akufanana ndi zofunika, zosankhidwa ndi kopita. Anthu ena opanga zokolola atayanika popanda kuchotsa bast, amene amapanga zotheka kuteteza akulimbana nkhuni. Ndiye bast kuchotsedwa monga chingasokoneze ndondomeko ya impregnation.

2. Kuyanika

Dehumidification - yaitali ndi mphamvu-tima ndondomeko, potsata khalidwe la impregnation lapansi. Nedosushennuyu n'zosatheka mutipatse nkhuni. Chinyezi ziyenera akwaniritsa kwa mlingo wa 28%. Kuyanika opangidwa mwachibadwa mu stacks (miyezi 2-5.) Kapena mpweya otentha mu zipinda kuyanika, amene akufalitsa mwa mafani (masiku 7-10).

3. impregnation mu autoclave ndi

Mu chipinda zingalowe, kukoka chinyezi owonjezera. Kenako fufuzani amadzimadzi antiseptic kutsekedwa, inatuluka kuthamanga m'chipinda liukitsidwa 14 ATM. Pambuyo njira chatsanulidwa, ndipo pali kuyamwa. Best impregnating zikuchokera - ndi antiseptic CCA Chifinishi kupanga. Anzawo zoweta anapangidwa kuchokera zinyansi mafakitale ndipo zimakhala zosafunika kuti kuchepetsa Machining mozama ndi mutsogolo kuchapa zikuchokera kwa nkhuni.

4. Pereka

The impregnating zikuchokera limapangidwa zinthu zoipa. Zipika kukhala zaka nthawi zina. Pamene izi zimachitika mapangidwe mankhwala insoluble antiseptic mu kapangidwe nkhuni. Kutentha ayenera kukhala zabwino. Kuti imathandizira njira, thandizo amaliona ndi koopsa nthunzi mu autoclave ndi. opanga Canada ankachitira zipika nyumba wapadera, potero kukula kwake katundu.

HVL thandizo

Khazikitsa mizati matabwa opangidwa pa kalasi VL 3, komwe mwadzina opaleshoni voteji 1 kV kapena zochepa. Ambiri wapakatikati zogwiriziza kuti kutumikira kukhala mawaya. Kuwonjezera apo, onani katundu mphepo, komanso zovekera ndi kulemera yake. Paokha, iwo sangaime magulu kwaiye motsatira mzere, ngati pali yopuma. katundu naye ku malo a nangula amathandiza struts zina pamodzi pamwamba mzere olamulira. Kwenikweni, kutumikira kulenga mavuto waya gawo. Kuona katundu lateral ntchito nangula amathandiza ndi malo braces kapena "mapazi" motsogozedwa perpendicular.

Pali okhota zogwiriziza kwa katundu kotenga ndi yopingasa. Iwo anapereka atembenuza mizere.

Unsembe yamitengo matabwa ndi yeniyeni kulemba kwa malo, ndi khamu - ndi zolimba mbali oyenerera.

Kusiyana komwe notching anapangidwa, sayenera kuposa 4 mm. Kumuyika malo mwamphamvu zokuzira. Mabowo ali mokhomerera.

Kukonza ndi kukonza mizati matabwa

Matabwa mizati magetsi umamumvera anayendera zodziwitsa ndi kukonza. M'chaka, pa akuya 30-50 masentimita, fufuzani akuya lawola nkhuni. Ngati chipika awiri 25 cm, ndi oipa kwambiri kuposa 3 cm, amaona unusable ndipo ayenera m'malo.

Kukonzanso kwa mizere, kumene ambiri anaika zogwiriziza matabwa, ndi osachepera zaka 6. Onse a kukonza ikuchitika mwa mawu malingana zipangizo zimene zilipo.

Flammability mizati matabwa amafuna ntchito amagwira kwambiri kuchepetsa izo. Pamaso pa mtima matabwa padziko amaona ngalande akuya 0.4 mamita ndi kuchotsedwa udzu ndi tchire.

Tsatanetsatane zimasiyana ndi mitengo pa latsopano mzere opaleshoni. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti katundu pa mbali ya kapangidwe mwina upambana amanenera.

Ngati mitengoyo adasokera ofukula kuti phindu yosagwira ntchito, katundu zina zingachititse kusintha mu udindo ndi chifundo mawaya kapena kukhudza mwatsatanetsatane. The displacements zimachitika chifukwa attenuation kapena kuchotsa thandizo maziko m'munsi, pansi kusamutsidwa, attenuation mankhwala.

Ndisonyezeni kubala zingwe zitsulo atathana pachithandara. Base kukumba kuti akuya 1.5 mamita ndi limagwirira galimoto limbitsani thandizo. Ndiye dzenje akugona ndi rammed.

Pamene pachithandara ndi skewed chifukwa tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake olowa ndi bandeji, izo limbitsani popanda chimakankhira sucker.

Pa pachithandara yoola wokwera bandeji. Pamaso zowola izi amachotsedwa ndi chivundikiro positi antiseptic phala.

mbali kuonongeka kulimbikitsa mbale zosakhalitsa matabwa kapena zitsulo, ntchito poluhomuty, akapichi ndi kumanga waya.

Tsatanetsatane isanafike kuchotsedwa kwa njanji ali zili zoletsedwa ndi magawo kamangidwe.

Kuonjezera moyo wa poyimitsa, iwo ayenera Komanso impregnated pa ntchito kudzera mwa mayamwidwe. Mu gawo mobisa ndi aboveground thandizo ndi mankhwala danga anapereka nsalu antiseptic. Poswekapo pa poyimitsa pamwamba ndi prefixes ntchito antiseptic phala.

Chifukwa chakuti unyinji wa akundithandiza yaing'ono matabwa, yokonza sikawirikawiri zofunika makina lolemera.

Kodi si anakonza ufulu thandizo pa akatundu onse ndi m'malo ndi wina watsopano mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera.

Pomaliza

mizati matabwa ndi impregnation kuposa konkire, ndi zina ngakhale bwino, chifukwa cha unyinji wa phindu. Choncho ntchito mwakhama kuchita, muyenera makampani muyezo. Izi adzakhazikitsa amafuna yunifolomu mafakitale onse, kotero mkhalidwe wa yodzera.