Matenda a mtima mu akhanda. Zizindikiro.

Malformations ya mtima dongosolo mu akhanda chifukwa matenda zovuta ziwalo tabu pa chitukuko yoopsa ndipo limodzi ndi aakulu hemodynamic kukondera, amene, malingana ndi mtundu ndi kukula kwa chikhalidwe kumachitika mwina yomweyo patapita maola angapo pambuyo pa kubadwa, kapena patapita zaka zingapo moyo. Ena olumala mtima sikugwirizana ndi moyo, ndipo muyenera opaleshoni mwamsanga. Apo ayi, mwana akhoza kufa.

Monga ulamuliro, lero, mtima chilema akhanda Amayesetsanso mu utero pa gestation ndi ultrasound. Makolo yomweyo zomwe zikutanthauza chiyani ndipo miyeso ayenera kumwedwa atabadwa mwana.

Pali ambiri classifications osiyanasiyana malformations a dongosolo mtima ana. Apa pali mmodzi wa iwo.

zopindika onse m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:

- woyera (ndi lamanzere kumanja shunt), pamene zopindika awa sali kusanganikirana wolumikizira ndi magazi venous.

- buluu (ndi shunt bwino anasiya) pamene pali kusanganikirana magazi wolumikizira ku venous.

Poyankha, magulu awa lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu magulu ena angapo. Choncho zopindika woyera monga zopindika, amene anatsagana ndi ochuluka amayendera m'mapapo, mwachitsanzo m'mapapo mwanga (setifiketi ductus arteriosus (PDA), matenda chilema ndi septum (ASD, VSD), kutsegula kugwirizana atrio-yamitsempha yamagazi, etc.).

Iwo mulinso chilema mtima ana ndi impoverishment wa zokhudza zonse kufalitsidwa, mwachitsanzo thupi lonse, izi Zina zambiri zikuchitika chilema monga coarctation kung'ambika (kuchepetsa kwa msempha).

zopindika Blue monga kobadwa nako zikusefukira amayendera m'mapapo, ndipo zikuphatikizapo transposition kwa msempha, Eisenmenger zovuta, komanso matenda ndi kuba wa kufalitsidwa m'mapapo mwanga (tetralogy wa Fallot, etc.).

Ngati chilema mtima akhanda sangathe wapezeka woyembekezera, ndiye anaika kenako mu mawonetseredwe matenda. Iwo akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri, koma pali zizindikiro zingapo kuchipatala kuti ayende chilema chilichonse.

zizindikiro matenda a mtima:

- pachimake kapena aakulu kulephera mtima, limodzi odyshechno-cyanotic kuukira, pallor, marbled kapena khungu cyanotic, amene amagwirizana ndi hypoxia mwana aakulu, paleness nasolabial makona, mwanayo si kusunga thupi kutentha, etc.

- zizindikiro mtima chokha pambuyo pake ndi kukula kwa mwana, iwo ali ngati kulira kwa ululu mu mtima, angathe mtima hump (monga wakhanda ribcage ofewa kwambiri), kumvetsera kung'ung'udza osiyana, mtima pa maphunziro kusinthidwa kasinthidwe ndi zotengera chachikulu.

- kupuma kulephera akufotokozera ndi mtundu uliwonse wa chilema. Iwo limodzi ndi kusowa kwa mpweya, mwana gasps, wefuwefu, kupuma mlingo ndi apamwamba kuposa kayendedwe yachibadwa kupuma. Nthawi zina pali retractions m'madera zofewa a chifuwa pamene kupuma.

- mu tsogolo la ana olumala kukhala hypoxia aakulu, zomwe zimaoneka chizindikiro "clubbing" pa phalanges, ndi kwanthawi mu Kukula kwa gawo lirilonse la thupi kapena thupi lonse.

Mwamtheradi nthawi zonse mtima chilema akhanda limodzi ndi kung'ung'udza mtima, amene angamvetsere kokha ku cardiologist odziwa, ngakhale ambiri aakulu ndi zoonekeratu phokoso kumva dokotala aliyense. Pamene inu mupita ku jambulani inakonzedwa kwa dokotala, ndipo amaumirira chakuti iye anamvera mumtima osachepera, osanenapo chakuti m'pofunika m'litali thupi, circumference mutu, mlingo kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. M'pofunika zofunika mosamala akhanda.