Matenda hydatid: siteji. Kayendedwe ka moyo wa Echinococcus

Echinococcosis - mmodzi wa matenda akulu aakulu helminth anthu, amene amayamba chifukwa ndi njoka zam'mimba za matepi mitundu Echinococcus granulosus, ndicho chimodzi mwa magawo moyo wake - larva. Kuchokera pamenepa, nayenso, pali mapangidwe monga Finn woimira kuwira, lomwe kufika lalikulu kukula mokwanira ndi kulemera makilogalamu angapo chifukwa wokhutira madzi.

Wogwirizira ndi chomaliza khamu

Wapakatikati khamu la helminth uyu akhoza kukhala anthu osati kokha, komanso ng'ombe, makoswe zosiyanasiyana ndi nyama zina. Tiyeni tikambirane mkombero moyo wa Echinococcus. Tiziromboti angathe kuyamba chitukuko pafupifupi chiwalo chilichonse kapena minofu, koma ambiri a malo awa ndi chiwindi ndi mapapo. Monga ulamuliro, matenda hydatid opezeka kale mu magawo mochedwa chitukuko, ngati palibe umboni matenda sangosonyeza zaka zingapo choyamba, kuti ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda. Pogonana mphutsi okhwima parasitize wa intestine ya canids, monga mimbulu, afisi, nkhandwe, agalu, kotero iwo ndi khamu ake okhazikika.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za Echinococcus granulosus

Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa zimene echinococcus, ndipo kodi makhalidwe a dongosolo lake. Kuyambira mamembala ena a gulu la anthu ake ndi wamfupi, 2 ndi 11 mm - kutalika strobila (unyolo zigawo njoka zam'mimba za matepi wamkulu). Komanso ali ndi khosi, scolex (mutu), zokuzira ndi whisk ndi Zikuluzikulu ngowe ndi suckers anayi kutumikira angagwirizanitse khoma thupi. Strobila zikuphatikizapo yekha zambiri 3-4 proglottids (gawo), amene yekha yotsirizira limapangidwa vitellarium, umene umabala kwa mazira 800.

Infection ndi Epidemiology

Man (wapakatikati khamu) matenda opatsirana pakamwa. Amadziwika kuti njoka zam'mimba za matepi kwambiri ambiri anaona m'madera kum'mwera. Australia analemba kuchiŵerengero matenda. Kuphatikiza pazifukwa nyengo udindo ankaimba ndi ziweto. Choncho, osachepera matenda amapezeka Kazakhstan, komwe ulimi nkhosa wamba. Pali echinococcosis poyera kuti anthu ogwira ntchito imeneyi, m'badya zakhudzana nyama kapena chiwindi. Komanso, inu mukhoza kudwala chifukwa cha zipatso osasamba ndi masamba, madzi yaiwisi, kumene kungakhale yotheka mazira njoka zam'mimba za matepi. Panopa Mwachitsanzo, mu dziko monga ife tomwe, anthu akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo kudzera pafupi ndi agalu, chovala chimene chingakhale tiziromboti mazira kapena zigawo za nyama pambuyo defecation.

Kayendedwe ka moyo wa Echinococcus

Tiyeni tikambirane funso limeneli. Echinococcus (chiwembu ake chitukuko) lifecycle yosavuta. Izo zonse akuyamba ndi chakuti tiziromboti akufotokozera mu intestine ka nyama a m'banja la canids (agalu, afisi kawirikawiri). Pamene chitsanzo ukufika kukhwima, zigawo zake zomwe amatha kuyenda palokha, kuwonjezera kunja kwa ndowe za nyama, kum'pangitsa kuyabwa kwambiri. Mu gawo ili, lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mazira kuphulika. Choncho, tiziromboti mazira ali mu malo kunja: ubweya, udzu, madzi, ozungulira zinthu za nyama.

Onani kuti Echinococcus mazira, komanso helminths ena kugonjetsedwa chilengedwe iwo kulekerera otsika kutentha kuyanika, ndi viability awo Mwachitsanzo, mu udzu kusungidwa kwa miyezi 1.5. Choncho, vuto moyo wa mazira Echinococcus amayamba kenako kugwa nyama munthu kapena ena kudutsa mu madzi, zipatso kapena manja osasamba. Lake kachilombo amapezeka olanda siteji - siteji ya chitukuko, zomwe ukuyenda mwa gulu latsopano. Apa, kwa wina ndi dzira akutuluka ndi larva, wotchedwa hexacanth amene amataya chikopa chake wakuda ndi mbedza awo anayambitsa khoma woonda wa magazi chotengera, kupeza kudzera m'magazi a chiwindi, ndiye m'mapapo. Ndiye zokhudza zonse makope hexacanth amatha kulowa mu limba ndi, mu mnofu kapena fupa.

Gawo latsopano

Komanso, vuto moyo wa Echinococcus akulowa gawo latsopano, ndi oncosphere n'kukhala Finn. Finn ndi kuwira wodzazidwa ndi madzi okhala wambirimbiri scoleces. Apa Finn chimalimba kupeza zakudya minofu yomwe infests.

Hydatid matenda - matenda chifukwa cha pa chitukuko measled siteji mphutsi. Hydatid kuwira akhoza kukhala mwina umodzi chipinda kapena Mipikisano chipinda. Anthu kumachitika nthawi zambiri yoyamba ndi padziko thovu ang'onoang'ono - bulanchi. Choncho, hydatid kuwira kukakamiza minofu ozungulira amapereka ntchito olondola a oyandikana ziwalo ndi kumachita pa chamoyo umabala poizoni.

Komanso, kuwira mwina zimaphulika kapena kuyamba fester, ndi woopsa kwambiri ndipo angathe kuyambitsa imfa ya wodwala. Choncho anamasulidwa scolexes ndi thovu laling'ono adzakupatsani matenda ngakhale chofala kwambiri. Only panthawi imeneyi chifukwa kukula n'zotheka kudziwa matenda. Mu nthawi ya kale njira zatsopano ntchito, zimene zilibe ukulu wa tiziromboti kwa - tsepping.

Kwa zaka zambiri, opaleshoni sachiza, monga yopuma izi zimachitika Finns, kenako kuledzera, imbaenda ngakhale zazikulu, kuti ambiri wodzala. Poyamba zinkaoneka Echinococcus moyo mkombero lalifupi, n'zoonekeratu kuti chimafikira mu thupi la chomaliza (waukulu) khamu amene ali ndi kudya nyama wapakatikati imene ili hydatid chotupa.

Choncho, ingestion ndi khamu lalikulu, chikhodzodzo khoma kusungunuka ndi michere m'mimba, umene scolexes ambiri kumusiya, ndipo kudzera zikho ziwiri suction amagwira ku linga la m'matumbo mucosa. Pali chitsanzo amakhala okhwima kugonana, amene anamaliza mkombero helminth moyo. Motero, nkofunika kuti ngati gulu wapakatikati ndi anthu, vuto njoka zam'mimba za matepi moyo kuwerenganso thupi lake. Kumakhaladi mapeto akufa mu mkombero chitukuko cha njoka zam'mimba za matepi a.

Waukulu zizindikiro matenda

Anatsegula mfundo zimene echinococcus, mayendedwe amoyo, kapangidwe, chiwembu cha chitukuko, ndikofunika lozani zizindikiro za helminthiasis. Lagawidwa magawo atatu a matenda, musati zimadalira kutanthauzira matenda tiziromboti. Kutalika yeniyeni siteji otaya sangathe anatsimikiza chifukwa kukula pang'onopang'ono wa cysts njoka zam'mimba za matepi. Iwo ayenera kudziŵika kuti ndi ofanana ndi kutanthauzira za mlingo tiziromboti kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro. Woyambirira, kapena zobisika asymptomatic, sitepe akuyamba ndi kulowa mu Thupi helminth (kuwukira oncospheres) zimatha mpaka kuoneka zizindikiro woyamba, zizindikiro za echinococcosis. Yodziwika ndi pakalibe madandaulo aliyense wodwala.

cysts Echinococcus ali ambiri amene nthawi imeneyi ndi ngozi, mwachitsanzo pamene ntchito zosiyanasiyana, osati kugwirizana ndi tiziromboti, kapena tizipima. Komabe, nthawi zina matenda angathe kupeza kuyabwa nthawi, i.e. urticaria kapena ena ambiri poizoni ndi matupi awo sagwirizana zochita, kusonyeza Echinococcus, amene kapangidwe ndi moyo mkombero wa chitukuko tafotokozazi.

Gawo lotsatira

Pamakhala otchedwa sitepe chiyambire matendawa, amene amakhala ndi zizindikiro wofatsa matenda mwa tiziromboti lapansi. Pali chotupa ali zayamba kuchuluka kukula, izo compresses minofu pafupi, imbaenda zizindikiro ofanana: matenda dyspeptic ndipo ngati matenda isanafalikire, monga chiwindi nthawi yosamveka kukoka ululu ndi kuchuluka chiwindi (gipatomegaliya). Choncho kumaonekera siteji koyamba za echinococcosis. Ndichiyani, mitundu mkombero helminths moyo, kupewa pakuwonekera kwake - mayankho a mafunso awa m'nkhani ino.

Kenako siteji ya chitukuko cha mavuto, yodziwika ndi zizindikiro kutchulidwa cholinga kuti amapezeka 10-15% milandu matenda. Monga tafotokozazi, izo zikhoza suppuration echinococcus chikhodzodzo (chotupa), kusiyana ndi kukumenya zili mu ziwalo dzenje pafupi kapena M'mimbamo peritoneal. Lusoli kutsatana matenda a chikasu ndiyo obstructive, zikuchitika chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa ducts ya ndulu, matenda oopsa zipata ndi zizindikiro zina, amene amadalira kutanthauzira kwa helminth (mapapo, chiwindi, ubongo). Mwachitsanzo, ngati tiziromboti zinabindikira mu chiwindi, zikhonza kudziŵika kuwonda, kusafuna kudya, kusanza, kutentha pa chifuwa ndi eructation.

Mapeto a zonse zosokonezeka kuwukira siteji.

mawonekedwe

Pozindikira zimene echinococcus, matenda hydatid, siteji ya chitukuko cha helminthiasis, m'pofunika, ndiponso pa mtundu uliwonse. Pali mitundu iwiri ya njoka zam'mimba za matepi: hydatid ndi alveolar. Hydatid zambiri zimakhudza chiwindi ndi ndipamene umodzi chikhodzodzo chipinda. Alveolar, nayenso amakhudza mapapo ndipo ali ndi Mipikisano chipinda kuwira. Symptomatology echinococcosis sikudalira pa mawonekedwe a matenda: Mulimonsemo helminth akufotokozera ndi umalimbikitsa ziwalo pafupi, kukula kukula. Komabe, amadziwika kuti chifukwa akuphatikizapo chosavuta Unilocular cysts savuta kuchiza. Kuchotsa chikhodzodzo Mipikisano chipinda opaleshoni bwino kwa potsata mlingo wa zophuka enaake.

echinococcosis chithandizo

Mwa njira zikuluzikulu za mankhwala ndi zotsatirazi: opaleshoni, antiparasitic ndi mankhwala symptomatic. Pa opaleshoni ya mtima atachotsedwa pomveka hydatid, ndiye kubwezeretsa limba anakhudzidwa kapena minofu. Pankhaniyi ndi kwakukulu echinococcectomy njira imene chotupa kwathunthu kuchotsedwa limodzi ndi m'chimake fibrous.

Nthawi zina kugwira mwachindunji kutsegula cysts, kuchotsa onse a madzi ndi mosamala masaka ndi kukonza M'mimbamo ndi minofu akhudzidwa kale, kupewa mobwerezabwereza, kuonera zambiri padziko lonse. Pankhani ya chachikulu limba kuwononga ntchito si ikuchitika. M'malo mwake, kusankha mankhwala antiparasitic ndi mankhwala apadera. Kuwonjezera apo, kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, antitussives ndi ena malingana ndi maonekedwe a echinococcosis.

Patangotha zaka 8-10 pambuyo opaleshoni ayenera kukhala osachepera awiri zachipatala kukayezedwa kamodzi pa chaka.

Echinococcus chithandizo

Kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane zimene echinococcus ndi chitukuko cha zizindikiro matenda, n'kofunika kukumbukira kuti matenda ndi kosavuta kupewa, potsatira malangizo pa kupewa. Chifukwa chaichi, achite miyeso yeniyeni Chowona Zanyama kuteteza kuipitsidwa wa nyama. M'pofunikanso kulipira mwapadera kwa anthu amene ali pa chiopsezo, alenje ie, antchito slaughterhouse, alimi ziweto ndi ena. Monga kupewa munthu mu malo oyamba ayenera kusunga bwino munthu ukhondo, kumwa yekha ku magwero kumukhulupirira, ndasambitsa bwinobwino asanayambe kudya masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso, komanso kuchepetsa nokha asanakumane ndi agalu yosokera.