Matenda Leishmaniasis: zizindikiro, chithandizo, zithunzi

Mu mayiko kotentha zachilendo kupeza matenda leishmaniasis. matenda imafalikira anthu kudzera kulumidwa ndi udzudzu. The causative wothandizila matendawa - mogwirizana wa mtundu Leishmania. kudwala izi m'kaundula m'mayiko 88, limene 72 ndi m'mayiko osauka.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za

Moyo ndi kukhala wa Leishmania anthu kapena nyama zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka nkhandwe, mimbulu, agalu, ena makoswe. Mpaka lero palibe zokhudza nthawi ya infectiousness wa nyama ndi anthu. Amadziwika chimodzi chokha. Ngati khungu kapena magazi ndi tiziromboti, khamu ndi gwero la matenda.

oopsa kwambiri kuthetsa mu Leishmania chamoyo. Iwo amakhala mu ndulu ndi chiwindi. Nthawi zina majeremusi kukhazikika mu m'mafupa. Monga taonera, matenda amenewa - osati mliri anthu. Nthawi zambiri leishmaniasis agalu, makoswe Pet.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Leishmaniasis anapezeka P. F. Borovskim mu chaka cha 1898. Kupeza majeremusi mu smears pendinskoy chilonda, dokotala loyamba iwo. N'chifukwa chake matenda amatchedwanso leishmaniasis "leishmaniasis". Patapita nthawi yaitali, tizilomboto ndi nkhani mwapadera analenga Leishmania mtundu. A njira kudwala wakhazikitsidwa yekha mu 1921.

Pakali pano, leishmaniasis matenda - matenda osowa, zomwe zitha kukakwera mu mayiko a kotentha, mayiko.

Kodi tiziromboti?

matenda wamba ndi cutaneous leishmaniasis. The causative wothandizila matendawa - Leishmania. kuganizira tiziromboti sizingatheke ndi apoyera. miyeso yake ndi microscopically yaing'ono. Leishmania kutalika - za 3 microns. Tiziromboti ali ozungulira kapena chowulungika mawonekedwe, ili pakati pakati pake penipeni. Mbali kutsogolo zizindikiro Leishmania bakiteriya udzakhalire ndi kumbuyo blefaroplast.

Tiziromboti wakudya nkhani za maselo nyama, anthu. Chulukitsani ndi kugawikana yosavuta. Mu gawo kutsogolo palibe bakiteriya udzakhalire. Choncho imayamba kubereka, zomwe zimachititsa kuipitsidwa kwa thupi.

m'njira

matenda mosavuta zapita. Chiwembu ndi losavuta mokwanira. Tizilombo analumidwa ndi kachilombo majeremusi munthu kapena nyama kunyamula pa wathanzi chamoyo. Patapita kanthawi wodwala matenda ndi leishmaniasis matenda.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi angapo mitundu khumi. Pafupi makumi awiri a iwo loopsa kwa moyo wa munthu. Nthawi zambiri, iwo amayambitsa cutaneous leishmaniasis. Iwo complicates chithandizo cha matenda kuti majeremusi kwathunthu sanakhudzidwe ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo.

Udzudzu onyamula matenda. Atabatizidwa analumidwa ndi tizilombo munthu kachilombo HIV. Ndipo pambuyo pa sabata kale akuimira gwero la matenda. tizilombo izi magazi woyamwa kupatsira wodwalayo cutaneous mawonekedwe a matenda. Thupi la munthu zingabweretse chitetezo. Kamodzi achire mawonekedwe chotero wodwalayo chitetezo chokwanira wamphamvu ndi matenda.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis matenda ndi wokhoza opatsirana osati mwa mwazi wa udzudzu. The tizilombo matenda chilonda kumaliseche.

Gawo matenda

Pali mitundu itatu ya matenda:

1. Leishmaniasis khungu. matenda kuonekera matumba zozama za mawu a papules.
2. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Kwa matenda amenewa yodziwika ndi zilonda m'kamwa, mphuno komanso pakhosi.
3. Choipidwa leishmaniasis. fomu iyi amawapeza pamene Leishmania akulowa ziwiya lymph. Popeza zimafalikira otaya madzi m'thupi. Iwo amakhudza ziwalo. Izi zili choncho makamaka ndulu, mapapo, mtima, chiwindi. fomu iyi amatha kupanga mu kudwala mthupi wotsatira.

Photo zikusonyeza leishmaniasis matenda ili pansipa. Imafotokoza matenda cutaneous.

Nawo kudwala, malingana amene anali posungira ndi gwero la matenda. Choncho, cutaneous leishmaniasis, ndi choipidwa angakhale mitundu iwiri:

• anthroponotic - gwero la matenda ndi mwamuna;
• zoonotic - nthumwi causative wa nthendayo inasamutsidwa kuchoka ku nyama.

Zizindikiro za mtundu choipidwa

N'zimenenso mawonekedwe nthawi makulitsidwe yaitali. Popeza matenda pamaso pa isanayambike zizindikiro woyamba wa matenda zingatenge kwa masiku 20 kuti miyezi 5. Akufotokozera pang'onopang'ono choipidwa leishmaniasis. Zizindikiro mu magawo oyambirira motere:

• Pali kufooka ambiri;
• wotumbululuka khungu;
• utachepa kudya kuti sanamwe wathunthu
• ndulu kukula kuchuluka pang'ono;
• Amowabu mphwayi;
• thupi kutentha limatuluka (mlingo pazipita ndi 38 C).

Kukula kwa matendawa amakhala ndi Kuwonjezera zatsopano. Nepredprinyatye akufuna kuchitira leishmaniasis vutoli. Zizindikiro anthu akuwonjezeka motere:

1. N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka kutentha (40 kufika mfundo C). Mbali imeneyi ali ndi khalidwe wavy. Wodwala alternates ndi hyperthermia yachibadwa.
2. Chifuwa. chizindikiro kumachitika zotupa za zida kupuma.
3. Chokulitsidwa lymph mfundo. Afunsidwa mu kuyenderako. Kuwonjezeka anati pafupi ziwalo bwanji.
4. Chikondi cha chiwindi, ndulu pa palpation. Papita kuwonjezeka kwambiri ziwalo zimenezi.

Ngati mulibe kuyamba kumenyana ndi kudwala, akupitiriza kupita patsogolo leishmaniasis. Chithandizo kwambiri kumva. alili anapitiriza kutha:

• zikutha m'mayiko wodwalayo;
• ndulu amakhala polemba kukula kwake;
• khungu pamwamba youma, wotumbululuka kwambiri;
• pafupipafupi chizungulire;
• kuoneka kutupa mu miyendo;
• pafupipafupi contractions mtima;
• kumawonjezera m'mimba buku (madzi amasonkhana M'mimbamo peritoneal);
• pali m'mimba;
• mkhutu potency.

Chomaliza amakhala ndi utachepa minofu kamvekedwe, maonekedwe a thupi lonse kutupa, wotumbululuka kodnymi chimakwirira. Motero, wodwalayo amafa.

Nthawi zina matenda aakulu Inde matenda. Zizindikiro za matenda pafupifupi palibe. chipatala Izi ananena pamene kufesa Leishmania osachepera ziwalo.

Zizindikiro za matenda a pakhungu

fomu iyi kawirikawiri mayina Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Brazil, Syria, Iran, Peru. Nthawi makulitsidwe ukhoza kwa masiku 10 kuti miyezi 1.5.

Mu sitepe koyamba mu mapangidwe khungu zikachitika, ndilo khalidwe kwa tizilombo kuluma. Pa nthawi imeneyi, kenako anaumba chithupsa, zowoneka chokhala tubercle. Palpation malo amachititsa chowawa nkhawa. Patatha milungu limodzi kapena awiri mu gawo pakati tubercle pamaoneka minofu akufa - necrosis. Malowa ali ndi mtundu wakuda. Posakhalitsa kwasanduka chamtunduwu. Kuchokera pakati bala paima chikasu zofiira madzi - mafinya.

Near zilonda chachikulu kuyamba uka tokhala sekondale. Natenga maonekedwe a bala, iwo m'kupita kuphatikiza. popangidwa ndi chilonda limodzi lalikulu padziko khungu.

Regional lymph mfundo angadwale wodwala ndi matenda a "leishmaniasis". Cutaneous leishmaniasis amakhala ndi chilonda machiritso kwa miyezi 2-6. Komabe, mabala kukhalabe zilonda malo.

Choncho, zizindikiro zazikulu za pathologies cutaneous ndi:

• zosayembekezereka wa hillocks - leishmania;
• chiwonongeko cha khungu pa malo tubercle;
• Mawu a;
• chilonda machiritso ndi chilonda mapangidwe.

Symptomatology mucocutaneous mawonekedwe

Mtundu wa matenda leishmaniasis mu mawonekedwe ake sasiyana ku matenda khungu. Kusiyana komwe kulipo ndi kugawa kudwala pafupi mucous zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Zimafunika mawonekedwe tiziromboti opezeka New World. Khungu ndi mucous nembanemba kudwala poyamba akufanana kuluma nyama. Kenako, odwala zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mucous. Nthawi zina matenda deforms nkhope.

Ndi matenda zinthu zotsatirazi anawonjezera kuti zizindikiro pamwamba pa leishmaniasis cutaneous:

• chimfine mphuno;
• m'mphuno kuchulukana ;
• movutikira Pomeza;
• nosebleeds;
• erosions ndi zilonda m'kamwa (milomo, m'kamwa, lilime);
• zilonda mu m'mphuno.

Madokotala kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya mavuto fomu iyi. Ngati Ufumuyo matenda matenda sekondale, wodwala angathe chibayo. Izi kupuma chinkhoswe mwina amapha.

matenda a matenda

M'mayiko amene matenda ambiri, odwala amene woyenera zizindikiro matenda ndi zotsatira za kufufuza, amaganiza pamaso pa leishmaniasis.

odwala ena ofunika kwa matenda okhazikika ndi phunziro minofu pansi maso ndi kudziwa majeremusi kapena MAGAZI kuti kuzindikira chitetezo. Wodziwika mu zachipatala mayeso khungu, wotchedwa kuyesedwa "khungu lakuda". Phunziro ngati si wangwiro, pafupifupi konse ntchito matenda a matenda.

Tisaiwale kuti matenda ambiri angathe kuyambitsa kuwonda, kutentha thupi, kuwonjezeka ziwalo, khungu chotupa. matenda ambiri muoneke zizindikiro za leishmaniasis. Iwo typhoid malungo, malungo, matenda Chagas, toxoplasmosis, TB, chindoko, histoplasmosis. Choncho, matenda okhazikika ndi zotheka kuchotsa kudwala ena.

Ngati mukukayikira kuti akudwala matenda leishmaniasis cutaneous imayamba ndi kusonkhanitsa bwino mbiri ya AIDS. Likukhalira mfundo anakhala wodwala mliri malo kudziwika matenda.

Ayesa kutsimikiza matenda ikuchitika motere:

• kuphimba zakuthupi anatengedwa kuchokera hillocks ndi zilonda;
• kusanthula magazi (Romanovsky-Giemsa);
• mafupa puncture;
• chiwindi biopsy, lymph mfundo, ndulu;
• kwachilengedwenso chitsanzo;
• serological mayesero (Elisa, RSK).

zochiritsira

Monga tanena kale, mankhwala sinathe zochizira matenda. Akutumikira Koma ngati wina - ngati tizilombo toyambitsa wa leishmaniasis akulowa. Likamanena zosiyanasiyana za matenda chikufanana njira zawo zolimbana ndi matendawa. Ngati wodwala matenda cutaneous leishmaniasis, mankhwala zachokera ntchito mankhwala wamba. mawonekedwe choipidwa amafuna mndandanda wa jekeseni.

Matenda ndi wofatsa, chithandizo chapadera pafupifupi osafunika. Chotero matenda patapita nthawi zina la M'kupita kwa nthawi paokha. Mu zotsatira izi zosasangalatsa, sataya.

Ngati wodwala ali mlingo wochepa wa chitetezo chokwanira, izo kwenikweni anatumizidwa kuchizira matenda. Popeza matenda kumachitika ndi kovuta. Kusowa kwa njira zofunika mankhwala zinadzala ndi mavuto aakulu wodwalayo, ndipo nthawi zina amapha.

Matenda zikuchitika mu mawonekedwe kwambiri, kumafuna opaleshoni. Pa opaleshoni, wodwalayo pochotsa ndulu.

Chithandizo cha matenda a pakhungu

nkhondo njira zimadalira mawonekedwe ndi siteji ya otaya kudwala monga leishmaniasis. Chithandizo Mwina tingachotsedwe pa njira zotsatirazi:

• mankhwala;
• njira opaleshoni;
• physiotherapy;
• Morning.

Opaleshoni njira ntchito, ngati pali wina chotupa yaing'ono padziko khungu. chilonda Izi excised opaleshoni.

Zolinga achire, angagwiritsidwe ntchito zotsatirazi njira mankhwala thupi:

• kuchotsa kudwala laser;
• cryosurgery - malo anawonongedwa ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa ozizira;
• chithandizo mantha - electrocoagulation.

mankhwala kwakukulu pamodzi ndi mankhwala antibacterial ndi odana ndi yotupa kanthu.

mankhwala zachokera mankhwala zotsatirazi:

1. "Metronidazole". Mankhwalawa ndi ambiri za 10 masiku. Mankhwala akutengedwa katatu patsiku perinatally. A mlingo umodzi - 250 mg.
2. Pentavalent antimony mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri ndi mankhwala, "Solyusurmin", "Glyukontim". Iwo amaikidwa ndi kupanda mankhwala "Metronidazole", ntchito masiku 2-3. Mankhwalawa ndi kutumikiridwa kwanuko ndi intramuscularly. The mlingo - 400-600 mg wa mankhwala patsiku.
3. "Pentamidine." Chida ichi ndi mankhwala wosankha. Amanena kawiri pa mlungu 2-4 mg / kg.
4. Local antiseptic, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mafuta. Iwo mafuta m'madera amene anakhudzidwa. Mogwira ngati kudwala "Monomitsinovaya", "Gramitsidinovaya", "Rivanolovaya" (1%), "Akrihinovaya" (1%) mafuta.
5. "Furatsillina". lotions analimbikitsa athandizidwe ndi njirayi.

mankhwala kawirikawiri ikuchitika maphunziro enieni. Pakati pa iwo ndithudi amalangiza popuma chosatha za 2-3 masabata. Mlingo kuperekedwa pamwamba - ndi ndi zaka. Pa mankhwala mfundo amasankhidwa kwa wodwala aliyense payekha.

Pa magawo woyamba wa matenda antiprotozoal wothandizila ( "Solyusurmin", "Glyukontim") omwe alowa mwachindunji mu chotupa cha. jekeseni otere advantageously ikuchitika za 3-5 masiku.

Mankhwala a mtundu choipidwa

Mu mawonekedwe a kudwala kufunika mankhwala 3 magulu:

1. Njira pentavalent antimony. Nthawi zambiri mankhwala monga "Solyusurmin", "Pentostam", "Neostibazan", "Glyukantim". Mankhwala kutumikiridwa intramuscularly kapena kudzera m'mitsempha. Mlingo wa mankhwala awa zimadalira m'badwo. Zolemba malire Inde tichipeza jakisoni 20.
2. Onunkhira diamidino. Izi Mankhwala "Pentamidine", "Stilbamidin". njira imeneyi amawatumiza pa tatchulazi mankhwala osamveka chithandizo pentavalent antimony. Wodwala ayenera pochitika 3 maphunziro. Pakati muli yopuma masiku 10.
3. "Amphotericin B". Za mankhwala ndi ngati mankhwala onse tatchulazi sizisonyeza kupereka kufunika kwenikweni achire. Nthawi mankhwala pafupifupi 8 masabata.

Mankhwala ingakhale monga iyi:

• mankhwala antibacterial: "methacycline", "Rifampicin";
• antifungal wothandizira, "Ketoconazole";
• mankhwala antimicrobial, "furazolidone".

ethnoscience

Kodi kukhala njira ogwira ntchito ndi asing'anga kuthetsa matenda. Monga kukumbukira kuti njira zimenezi sangathe m'malo mankhwala zotchulidwa dokotala pamene matendawa "cutaneous leishmaniasis" wa. Chithandizo cha mankhwala wowerengeka kuchita njira monga zina kulimbana ndi matenda.

Pamene mtundu cutaneous cha matenda tikulimbikitsidwa:

1. Ntchito Chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Imathandiza kupanga tincture wa Aralia, Chinese Magnolia mpesa, ginseng, Eleutherococcus, lewisia. Iwo mwangwiro tisagonje pa mayesero a chamoyo wonse, zimathandiza bwino chonse. Iwo m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kawiri pa tsiku kwa 30 madontho.
2. Mwatsopano timadziti. Ndi zothandiza kwambiri kwa odwala kudya zakumwa ku kaloti, mbatata, kabichi.
3. Decoctions, infusions anapangidwa kuchokera Mapila. Mankhwala teas currant masamba, rosehip zipatso, honeysuckle.
4. Compresses pa tokhala ndi. Njira ntchito kokha pamene zithupsa zinawululidwa ayi. Pakuti compresses ntchito kuikapo maganizo broths tansy maluwa, msondodzi khungwa.
5. Oleoresin paini mtengo - spruce, Oil, paini. Mu mawonekedwe a pellets ayenera kuvala zinkakhala m'dera ndi kukhoma bandeji.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, onetsetsani kukaonana ndi dokotala. Zida zina monga contraindications ndi m'malo machiritso akhoza kubweretsa zotsatira zoipa.

Kupewa matenda

The miyeso zofunika kuteteza matenda ndi kuthetsa magwero a matenda - makoswe ndi udzudzu - m'madera cha kubereka awo.

Mbewu ya malo anthu makoswe, opangidwa mwa utali wozungulira wa 15 Km from m'mudzi umene kupewa. Mtunda umenewu umafanana ndi mtunda udzudzu ulendo.

Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda khungu, muyenera kupewa kuswana nyama pokhala. Ziweto nthawi zonse kuti aone nthenda.

miyeso zokhudza zonse kuteteza monga:

1. Beautification m'madera zogona. M'pofunika kuthetsa malo kuswana kwa udzudzu ndi makoswe.
2. Ndi bwino kuthetsa kukhuthula.
3. Pewani zapansi anasefukira.
4. kukonza panthawi yake ducts onse.
5. Nthawi zonse ayenera idzachitika njira disinfestation ndi zapansi zogona.

Kuteteza kunyumba udzudzu kulola maukonde wandiweyani udzudzu. Komanso, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa. njira chosavuta chingamulepheretse matenda leishmaniasis.

Kuteteza ndi kuyendera malo amene ndi oopsa, zochokera yeniyeni mankhwala m'thupi. Mwatsoka, kuti tsiku katemera panopa sichinayambe anayamba ndi matenda.

Pomaliza

Nthawi zambiri kuti madokotala ananena zawo ndi matenda yabwino. Ngati ife kulankhula za leishmaniasis cutaneous, ndi kawirikawiri amapha. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amasiya m'mbuyo ndi zipsera magweru. Popeza moyenera mankhwala a choipidwa mawonekedwe ndi pafupifupi amapha chifukwa kutupikana kwambiri kapena kulephera limba. Zimenezi zikhoza kupewedwa, koma chiyambi chabe yake ya kulimbana ndi kudwala zosasangalatsa kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala woyenera.