Ngakhale kutsutsana kupitirirabe za nthawi yatsoka aliyense wa m'mudzi wakale, pali mndandanda kwambiri kapena zochepa anavomera kuti zikuphatikizapo Mizinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko, kumene moyo anapita kosalekeza, ndipo tsopano ndi anthu.
Mmodzi wa wamkulu
Topping mndandanda wa Yeriko, osati kamodzi otchulidwa m'Baibulo kuti ndi "mzinda wa mitengo," ngakhale dzina la Chihebri limatanthauza "Mzinda wa Moon." Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena tsiku chiyambi chake monga kuthetsa kwa BC VII atumwi, ngakhale ena mwa kuda opezeka a habitability IX. Ndiko kuti, anthu anakhala pano pa Chalcolithic kapena Neolithic ku ceramic. Izo zinachitika kuti malo a Yeriko kuyambira nthawi makedzana ali warpath kachiwiri, Baibulo ikulongosola za kudya mzinda. Iye umasinthasintha wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja, lomaliza chinachitika mu 1993, pamene Yeriko anapita ku Palestina. Nthawi zambiri pa zaka za anthu ake anabwerera, koma nthawi anabwerera ndi kumangidwanso. Tsopano inali makilomita 10 kuchokera Dead Sea Yeriko mofunitsitsa anachezeredwa ndi alendo wolemera mu zokopa alendo (mwachitsanzo, panali bwalo la Mfumu Herode). Komanso, ili ndi mzinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko ndi wapadera kuti, titero, ndi malo ovuta monga ili mamita 240 pansi pa nyanja.
Ndani mkulu
The chachiwiri (ndi zina mikangano Championship) pa mndandanda wa "Mizinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko" ndi ku Damasiko, likulu la Syria ano. chikuoneka limanenanso nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe, koma amakhala ndi mzinda waukulu pambuyo nkhondo Chiaramu, chibwenzi ku 1400 BC. Umodzi mwa mizinda yochititsa chidwi mu Middle East, lodzala ndi chidwi. N'chifukwa chiyani okha Ummayah Mosque, membala wa mndandanda wa akachisi lalikulu kwambiri mu dziko, imene awasungira mutu Ioanna Krestitelya. mzinda A okalamba kuti pali chikhulupiriro, ngati khoma poyamba anamanga padziko lapansi pambuyo pa Chigumula, anali khoma kwa Damasiko. Old Town, limene kwa zaka zambiri osati kusintha mawonekedwe ake amenenso atazunguliridwa ndi khoma, koma anamangidwira mu nthawi ya Roma.
Komanso wamkulu
Iwo anamaliza woyamba midzi itatu ya mndandanda wa "Mizinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko," ndi Lebanon Byblos. Nkosafuna kunena kuti mndandanda ena imbaendesa wachiwiri ndipo ngakhale yoyamba mkulu. Mizindayo atatu chikanachitika kale ndi Mkuwa Age, koma chifukwa anali mosalekeza anthu. Byblos ili mu mzinda wa Beirut. Dzina la mzinda imakamba kuti iye anali mzinda m'Baibulo ndipo anaitana Hebe. Foinike kuthetsa kalelo icho chinali chimake cha malonda amtunduwu, ndipo tsopano ndi wotchuka alendo kopita. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ochepa zolemba pa zimene anazipeza wakale, silinakwaniritsidwe kuwerenga, chifukwa mtundu uwu kalata protobibleyskogo alibe mipata. Zizindikiro za 100 ndi chizindikiro sikokwanira. Tsiku la mzinda wotsatira wa Susa pali mikangano, monga waukulu kwambiri masiku ano Syria Aleppo - munthu aganiza kuti mu VII m'ma BC, mizinda kale, wina - palibe.
Kutseka mndandanda wa "lakale"
Kubadwa kwa mzinda lotsatira kunayamba 4 Zakachikwi BC. Si onse amaitchulatchula mndandanda lotchedwa "The mzinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko" otchulidwa Krymskaya Feodosiya, pamene mu Russia amaona ndi "mzinda muyaya," ngati akuchokera, monga ena, mu BC VI zaka ankatchedwa Ardabra . Khumi wamkulu zikuphatikizapo m'madera monga Lebanon Sidoni (4 TH. BC). Nthawi yomweyo unalembedwa ndi zikamera wa Fayum Aigupto (Greek Krokodilpolya) ndi Chibugariya Plovdiv. Turkey Gaziantep ndi likulu la Lebanon Beirut ndi zaka zochepa wamng'ono. Kenako pa mndandanda mizinda zotsatirazi zimatchulidwa kawirikawiri kwambiri: Yerusalemu, Turo Arbil, Kirkuk, Jaffa. Onsewo anaonekera zaka zambiri pamaso yathu ino, ndi za "lakale".
The wamkulu mu Russia
Limatchula ambiri lotchedwa "Cities Ancient wa World" si mbali ya Derbent, kapena Zurich, kapena Ningbo, ngakhale mapewa awo osachepera mbiri 6000-chaka. Choncho, Derbent (Arabic Bab al-Abvab - dzina - likumasuliridwa kuti "Chipata Chipata" kapena "chipata chachikulu"), monga ena, wakhala m'dera 4. Zakachikwi BC. Mzinda uwu kum'mwera latsopano la Russia kale analiko ndi Mkuwa Age. Tamasulira kuchokera ku chinenero Chiazebajani dzina zikumveka ngati "mobisa". Iwo lili Korinto pakati pa Caucasus ndi gombe la kumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Caspian. mzinda wakale umenewu wakhala Mungapeze njira ya njira apaulendo ku Ulaya Asia.
Kwambiri, "lakale"
Kwa anthu ambiri, mfundo Europe wakale kugwirizana kwenikweni ndi Greece. Koma Zurich Swiss kumene wakale. Midzi loyamba m'gawo lake unachokera mu zaka 4430-4230 BC, ndiye, mu Zakachikwi 5. Pafupi kuti limafotokozera wathu, anagonjetsa Aselote, ndiye mudzi anakhala mbali ya Ufumu wa Roma, ndipo m'nthawi otchulidwa pa dzina Turikum. mzinda Chinese wa Ningbo, amene ali zitithandiza Hemudu chikhalidwe, omwe analipo mu 5 Zakachikwi BC, monga ena amanena, anali kale lonse nthawi Neolithic. Archaeology sali mu malo, ndi mndandanda wa mizinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko lowetsani dzina latsopano.
Pafupi kuti limafotokozera wathu
Mndandanda wa "mzinda wakale wa dziko" ndi okulira kwambiri kusiyana ndi "lakale" chifukwa 2 Zakachikwi BC a yambiri. Place m'midzi anatuluka mu zaka izi, akupita kupyola Middle East. Ku Ulaya, kwenikweni mzinda wa Greece ndi Rome. M'dera lino, mutu mndandanda wa "mizinda padziko lonse wakale," Athens. Zolemba za mzinda boma, nayenso, kuyamba ndi mawu amene asezare malo awa anali mu nthawi Neolithic. Koma Athens zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, kuyambira nthawi pozdneelladskogo, mwachitsanzo zaka 1700-1200 BC. Golden Age kwa lamuloli amphamvu anayamba pakati pa Zakachikwi 1, nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Pericles. zipilala lodziwika bwino zodziwika mdziko lonse, zinamangidwa nthawi imeneyi, amene bwino anaphunzira ndipo anafotokozedwa ndi upamwamba wakale Greek. Chotero umboni mbiri monga olembedwa pa gumbwa ntchito Vakhelida, Hyperides, Menander ndi Herodes, alipobe. Ntchito ina, dziko wotchuka Greek olemba Anakhalanso maziko wotchuka "nthano" N. Kuhn. Ancient nzeru za Agiriki, sayansi, ndi chikhalidwe ndi maziko a chidziwitso ano.
mndandanda
Mayina a mizinda wakale m'dzikoli ndi mndandanda kwambiri, amene ali patsamba kuposa wina, chifukwa nthawi yamakedzana zibwere mapeto m'mbiri athu, ali enieni tsiku - 476 AD, kusonyeza kugwa kwa Western Roma. Nthawiyi wakhala bwino kuphunzira, ndipo kuli mizinda yambiri zalembedwa. Choncho ena midzi angatchedwe pa mndandanda yaikulu zonse kudziwika kwa kwenikweni aliyense. Lowani mmenemo, ndi mzinda anatha ku nkhope ya dziko lapansi, koma otsala umboni wotsimikizira kapena kukumbukira chidzukulu. Zikuphatikizapo midzi yaikulu ya dziko wakale, Babulo, ndi Palmyra, Pompeii ndi Thebes, Chichen Itza, ndi Uri, Pergamo ndi Cusco, akale Greek Knossos ndi Mycenae, m'mizinda yambiri ku Asia ndi maiko ena. Zinsinsi za zotsalira za mizinda imeneyi koma kuthetsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, anataya m'nkhalango za kwachinsinsi Angkor - Cambodia stony mtima, kachiwiri lotseguka kwa dziko mu zaka za m'ma XIX, ngakhale mbiri ya chiyambi chake amabwerera m'ma AD chachiwiri. Kapena ili pamwamba pa phiri, yomwe pamalo okwera mamita 2450 pamwamba pa nyanja, chimodzimodzi chachinsinsi Machu Picchu. Lakale "mzinda wa kumwamba" lili Peru.
Yapadera mzinda
M'tauni yakale ya Demre poyerekeza ndi anthu mfundo pamwamba wamng'ono. Kutchula koyamba za izo a V m'ma (osati Zakachikwi) BC. Koma ndi mzinda nthano. Mumadziwika kalelo pansi pa dzina la World, ndi wotchuka osati zachilendo zipilala, koma choyamba mfundo zonse kuti ankaphunzira, ankakhala ndi odziwika St. Nicholas, amatchedwanso Nicholas Ugodnik, Wochita Zozizwitsa, Aka St. Nicolaas, ndi Santa Claus. Mwambo wochititsa chidwi kwambiri kupereka mphatso za Khirisimasi wochokera mumzinda uno kwambiri. The E anali Saint Nicholas, bishopu woyamba wa Myra. Mzinda wa Demre ndi wotchuka alendo kukopa.
adamfunsa kwambiri njira "Demre-Kekova-World." mzinda mwangwiro anasunga zisudzo Roma, opondapo kuweruza kufunika kwa malo aakulu mwanyanja kalelo. Kekova - chilumba. Iye ali chidwi chifukwa chakuti magombe ake ndi kupitiriza kwa mpanda wa mzinda olowa chifukwa cha chivomezi. mzinda zabwino kwambiri yamakono ya Demre, Turkey ndi malo a m'chigawo homonymous.
mndandanda achidule kwambiri
Bakuman ndi wokongola mizinda yakale mu dziko. List wa odziwika bwino kwambiri ndi izi: Baibulo Yeriko Aleppo, kenako Sousa, Damasiko, El-Fayoum ndi Plovdiv. M'pomveka kuwalozera Derbent ndi Zurich, ndi "mzinda wosatha" Rome, komanso midzi yambiri ya China wakale (Ningbo, Changshu, Changzhou, ndi zina). Mbisoweka Babulo, Palmyra, Pompeii, Uri ndi Mycenae kumaliza izi oposa wodzichepetsa mndandanda wa mizinda yakale. zowoneka wapadera monyadira wakale Persian Persipol. Pa nthawi ina anali likulu la Achaemenid Ufumu, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu VI-V zaka BC, boma yaikulu, kenako anagonjetsa Aleksandrom Makedonskim. mzinda wonse wakale atazunguliridwa ndi nthano, kukumana kuti chidwi kwambiri.