Matenda majini ndi akatengela apabanja. kuyezetsa Medical ndi chibadwa

Makolo a mwanayo kuti akhale osati wina diso mtundu, msinkhu kapena mawonekedwe a nkhope, komanso matenda majini ndi akatengela apabanja. Kodi n'chiyani? Kodi ndingapeze iwo? ndi gulu la Kodi matenda otengera kulibe?

The zimagwirira cha chibadwa

Musanayambe kukamba za matenda, m'pofunika kumvetsa zimene majini. mfundo zonse za ife ali mu DNA, chomwe ndi unyolo watanthauzo yaitali amino zidulo. Kusinthana zidulo izi kwa amino ndi wapadera.

DNA timafupa zidutswa amatchedwa chibadwa. Jini iliyonse ndi mfundo kwathunthu za zizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa thupi, amene imafalikira kwa makolo ana, monga khungu, tsitsi, khalidwe khalidwe, ndi zina zotero. D. Ngati iwo kuonongeka kapena kulakwila ntchito zawo kuoneka matenda chibadwa, kudzera mwa cholowa.

DNA ndi bungwe mu DNA 46 kapena awiriawiri 23, mmodzi amene ndi kugonana. DNA ndi udindo ntchito jini, kukopera ndi kumasuka ku choipa. Chifukwa cha umuna mu gulu lirilonse pali khromozomu wina wa bambo ndi chimodzi kuchokera kwa amake.

Motero chibadwa adzakhala lalikulu ndi recessive ena kapena kuletsedwa. Simplistically, ngati jini atate wake diso mtundu, adzakhala wamphamvu, mwana adzalandira khalidwe limeneli kwa iye, osati amayi.

matenda majini

matenda tinatengera zimachitika pamene limagwirira yosungirako ndi kufala kwa majini kuyan'anila mfundo zidzachitika, kapena kusintha. Chamoyo amene jini chawonongeka, ndidzadutsa pa ana awo monga momwe zinthu wathanzi.

Ngati kumene jini nthenda ndi recessive, mwina sapezeka m'badwo wotsatira, koma zonyamulira ake. Mwayi kuti jini lalikulu sati wasonyeza kuti kulibe, pamene losokonekera thanzi komanso kukhala lalikulu.

Tsopano amadziwika zoposa 6000 matenda chibadwa. Ambiri a iwo kuonekera patatha zaka 35, ndipo ena konse kulengeza yokha mwini. Ndi pafupipafupi kwambiri mkulu akuwonetseredwa shuga, kunenepa, psoriasis, matenda a Alzheimer, misala ndi matenda ena.

Gawo

matenda majini tinalandira, ndi nambala yaikulu mitundu. Kugawanitsa iwo m'magulu osiyana tinganene kuti kuphwanya malo osiyanasiyana, matenda chithunzi, chikhalidwe cha chibadwa.

Matenda akhoza m'magulu malinga ndi mtundu wa cholowa ndi malo a jini zosalongosoka. Choncho, jini zofunika ili mu kugonana kapena osakhala kugonana khromozomu (autosome), ndipo ndi ntchito yaikulu zedi kapena ayi. Kuonetsetsa matenda:

• Autosomal lalikulu - brachydactyly, arachnodactyly, ectopia disolo.
• Autosomal recessive - alubino, akulu dystonia dystrophy.
• Limited pansi (pali akazi kapena amuna) - amapatsira mwana wake A ndi B, khungu mtundu ziwalo, mankwala a shuga.

Kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe gulu la matenda otengera limatchula chibadwa, chromosomal ndi mitundu kwa mayitirokondiriyoni. Yotsirizira amatanthauza DNA matenda a mitochondria kunja ngale ya. Woyamba awiri zimachitika DNA, imene ili mu phata khungu, ndipo ndi subspecies zingapo:

zimayambitsa

chibadwa amakonda osati kusunga malangizo, komanso kusintha izo, kukhala ndi makhalidwe atsopano. Izi ndi kusintha. Zimachitika kawirikawiri 1 nthawi pa milandu miliyoni ndipo imafalikira ana, ngati zinachitika maselo nyongolosi. Osakwatiwa pafupipafupi jini kusintha 1: 108.

Masinthidwe ndi masoka njira ndi kupanga maziko a masiyanidwe zinachokera anthu amoyo onse. Iwo akhoza kukhala othandiza ndi zoipa. Ena kutithandiza bwino atengere chilengedwe ndi moyo (mwachitsanzo, zimatsutsana ndi chala chachikulu), ena kuyambitsa matenda.

Nthawi ya kuvutika mu jini kufulumizitsa thupi, mankhwala ndi kwachilengedwenso zinthu mutagenic. Mundawu ndi wodziwa ena alkaloids, ku feteleza, nitrites, ena zina chakudya, mankhwala solvents ndi mankhwala mafuta.

Zina mwa zinthu zathupi ionizing ndi cheza nyukiliya, kuwala ultraviolet, kwambiri kutentha ndi otsika. Chimayambitsa kwachilengedwenso ndi chikuku kachilombo chikuku antigens, ndi zina zotero. D.

kutengera za kumtundu

Makolo angatilimbikitse osati kwa maphunziro. Amadziwika kuti anthu ena amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu kwambiri zosayembekezereka wa matenda ena kuposa ena chifukwa cha chibadwa. Majini chingawapangitse kukhala zidakwa matenda kumachitika pamene munthu achibale ndi kuphwanya chibadwa.

Chiopsezo matenda makamaka mwana zimadalira kugonana wake, chifukwa matenda ena zimafalitsidwa yekha pa mzere umodzi. Komanso zimadalira anthu ndipo pa mlingo zimakhalira ndi wodwalayo.

Ngati munthu wabadwa ndi kusintha kwa mwana, ndiye mwayi woti kulowa matenda ndi 50%. Gene mwina bwino kuonekera mwa njira iliyonse, kukhala recessive, monga mu nkhani ya chikwati ndi munthu wathanzi, mwayi wake wa kudutsa ana amapanga pa 25%. Komabe, ngati mwamuna kapena mkazi lidzayeretsedwa kuyendetsa losokonekera recessive, mwayi maonekedwe ake mu obadwa kuonjezera kachiwiri mpaka 50%.

Kodi kudziwa matenda?

Nthawi kudziwa matenda kapena kutengera za kuthandiza chibadwa Center. Childs, ngati ali m'mizinda yonse yaikulu. Pamaso kusanthula aliyense wa kufunsa dokotala anu kuti mudziwe zimene matenda ali anamuona pa achibale.

Medical ndi chibadwa kafukufuku wochititsidwa ndi kutenga nyemba magazi. magaziwo ankaphunzira mu zasayansi kwa kuvutika kulikonse. Makolo Oyembekezera zambiri nawo zokambiranazo ameneŵa mimba. Komabe, pakati majini adze pa mapulani ake.

matenda otengera kwambiri bwanji maganizo, thanzi la mwanayo, kukhudza moyo amayembekezeka. Ambiri a iwo ndi ovuta kuchiza, ndi kuwonetsera awo kusintha kudzera zachipatala. Choncho kukonzekera bwino kamwana pamaso pathupi.

syndrome pansi ndi

Amodzi mwa matenda ambiri majini - ozerezeka. Zimachitika milandu 13 mwa 10000. Ichi ndi anomaly, mu umene munthu ali 46, 47 DNA. Oterewa syndrome kungakhale yomweyo akangobadwa.

Mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za nkhope flattened, anakweza m'mphambano za maso, kanthawi khosi ndi kupanda minofu kamvekedwe. Makutu kawirikawiri amakhala aang'ono ang'ambe thupilo oblique maso, osasamba mawonekedwe a Chigaza lapansi.

Odwala ana kuvutika comorbid ndi matenda - chibayo, SARS, etc. Mukhoza kuona exacerbations, monga kumva, kuona, hypothyroidism, matenda a mtima ... Pamene daunizm chitukuko maganizo mochedwa pansi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhalabe pa msinkhu wa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

ntchito zonse, kokoka wapadera ndi kukonzekera kwambiri kukonza zinthu. Pali milandu yambiri ya anthu ndi matenda ofanana tingakhale ndi moyo paokha, kupeza ntchito ndi kukhala akwaniritsa bwino akatswiri.

amapatsira mwana wake

A tinatengera matenda osowa oti umakhuza iwowo. Kumachitika kamodzi milandu 10,000. Amapatsira mwana wake si ankachitira ndi auka kwa kusintha jini limodzi mu kugonana X khromozomu. Akazi onyamula yekha matendawa.

Khalidwe lalikulu ndi kupanda mapuloteni, zomwe ndi udindo clotting magazi. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale zoopsa zazing'ono amachititsa magazi kuti si ndimangoima. Nthawi zina kumaonekera kokha pa tsiku zifukwa.

British Koroleva Viktoriya anali chonyamulira cha amapatsira mwana wake. Iye anadutsa mliri azinji wa mbeu yace, kuphatikizapo Tsarevich Alexei - mwana wa Tsar Nicholas II. Chifukwa matenda ake anatchedwa "mfumu" kapena "zamunthawi ya Victoria".

syndrome Angelman

Matendawa limatchedwa "syndrome osangalala chidole" kapena "syndrome Petrushka", kuyambira odwala ndi kuzaza pafupipafupi choseketsa ndi kumwetulira, kayendedwe wachisokonezo la manja. Pamene anomaly imeneyi amakhala ndi kugona chisokonezo ndi chitukuko maganizo.

Syndrome amapezeka kamodzi pa milandu 10 000 chifukwa cha kusowa majini ambiri ku dzanja yaitali khromozomu 15. matenda Angelman akufotokozera pokhapokha ngati palibe majini mu khromozomu ndi tinalandira kuchokera kwa mayi ake. Pamene majini yomweyo kwina asakhale ndi vutoli makolo, pali Prader-Willi syndrome.

matenda sangakhoze anachiritsa kotheratu, koma mulole matenda. Kuchita Imachitika mankhwala thupi ndi zofikisa. Kwathunthu palokha, odwala simukhala, koma chithandizo akhoza kudzisamalira.