Matenda otengera - zimayambitsa awo

matenda otengera - awa ndi matenda amene kudzera mwa maselo nyongolosi ku mibadwomibadwo. Okwana pali zoposa zikwi zisanu ndi cimodzi wa matenda a mtundu uwu. Pafupifupi zikwi za iwo angapezeke ngakhale asanabadwe mwanayo. Komanso, matenda awa angaoneke kumapeto kwa khumi chachiwiri cha moyo, ndipo ngakhale patapita zaka 40. Chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda otengera ndi chibadwa kapena masinthidwe DNA.

Gulu la matenda otengera

matenda majini anawagawa m'magulu awiri:

1. Odnoprichinnye kapena monofaktornye. Awa ndi matenda amene amagwirizana ndi masinthidwe mu DNA kapena majini.
2. Pluricausal kapena multifactorial. Awa ndi matenda omwe amayamba ndi kusintha majini osiyana ndi zingakhudzire chilengedwe chifukwa malo kunja zinthu zambiri.

Pakuti zikamera wa matenda ofanana munthu kuchokera m'banja, munthuyo ayenera kukhala ofanana kapena kuphatikiza komweku kwa chibadwa, umene uli kale ndi wake wotsatira wa abale. N'chifukwa chake cholowa matenda kumayambitsa pamaso pa majini wamba amakhala osiyana wachibale wa kuyandikana.

Mlingo wa ubale ndi chiwerengero cha okwana zokhudzana majini

Popeza wodwala aliyense woyamba-digiri wachibale kuyandikana ali 50% ya chibadwa ake, anthu awa akhoza kukhala kusakanikirana zofanana majini zinanso kuti maonekedwe a matenda. Achibale wachitatu ndi wachiwiri achibale digiri ndi zokayikitsa kuti odwala angapo ndi kuika womwewo wa mbewu.

matenda otengera - mitundu

matenda otengera akhale mtundu kuposa wina. kusiyanitsa:

• matenda Chromosomal. Nthawi zambiri, pamene selo magawano kumachitika ngati kuti awiriawiri munthu DNA limodzi. Chifukwa, watsopano selo khromozomu chiwerengero kuposa ena onse. Zimenezi zimabweretsa matenda kagayidwe kachakudya. matenda amenewa zimachitika 1 mwa 180 akhanda. Ana awa pali kubadwa zopindika ambiri, retardation maganizo ndi zina zotero.
• Kuvutika mu autosomes amatsogolera ndi matenda angapo yoopsa.
• Gene masinthidwe. matenda Monogenic kumafuna masinthidwe jini limodzi. matenda awa anatengera zochokera m'chilamulo cha Mendel.
• Cholowa kagayidwe kachakudya matenda. Pafupifupi lonse majini chosayenerera kugwirizana ndi matenda kagayidwe kachakudya tinatengera. Pamene masinthidwe kapangidwe operon wa kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni amapezeka ndi dongosolo osasamba. Chifukwa, nthenda mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya kudziunjikira, lomwe ndi zoipa kwa ubongo.

Pali matenda ena cholowa. Akuyendera mankhwala awo, muyenera anadutsa matenda wathunthu. Madokotala analimbikitsa kukhala tcheru kwambiri amayi onse oyembekezera m'banja momwe muli odwala matenda izi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti akazi ayenera kukhala moyang'aniridwa wapadera. Only mu nkhani iyi digiri ya chiwonetsero cha matenda mwana akhoza sanamvere. Chinthu chachikulu kukumbukira kuti matenda alionse cholowa, pamene mankhwala alowererepo pa wina ankafunila nthawi akhoza mophweka kwambiri.