Mwamwayi ndi mwamawonekedwe mabungwe: lingaliro, zolinga

chuma wapangidwa ntchito za mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Mwamwayi ndi mwamawonekedwe mabungwe ndi maziko a dongosolo la zachuma. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi dongosolo losiyana, osiyanasiyana zolinga, koma cholinga chawo chachikulu - kuchita ulimi ndi zochitika za bizinesi.

Lingaliro la bungwe

Kufotokozera za bungwe anapanga pa mphambano ya amalanga monga zachuma ndi kuzisamalira. Pansi amamvedwa ndi ndondomeko imene analenga m'manja mwa dongosolo lililonse, ndiponso magulu ena ankachita kachitidwe zosiyanasiyana ndi magulu mu njira ya ntchito limodzi ndi yobweretsa anthu pamodzi kuti kuzindikira mavuto alionse. Chikhalidwe pali mitundu itatu ya mabungwe mbiri ammudzi, mabungwe ndi mayanjano. Malinga ndi kapangidwe mkati mwa mfundo pali mwamwayi ndi mwamawonekedwe mabungwe. Koma Mulimonsemo, iwo ndi gulu la anthu ogwirizana ndi zolinga zofanana ndi zolinga. Mbali yaikulu ya gulu ndi kukhala ndi anthu ochepa amene zinthu pamodzi kuthamangitsa kukwaniritsa chikhalidwe zofunika, cholinga wamba. Mabungwe ndi zovuta kapangidwe ndi ambiri mitundu.

Kapangidwe ka bungwe

Kuvuta kwa phunziro la mabungwe ndi kuti kusiyana ndi dongosolo osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Ndi zovuta, inakula dongosolo zinthu zimene zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndiponso dongosolo. Kapangidwe ka bungwe umamumvera nzeru mkati mwa njira yopanga, izo zimanyezimiritsa limatchula zinchito za ogwira ntchito ndi lakonzedwa kuti magawowa njira zothandiza kwambiri mavuto azachuma ndi zachuma.

Pachikhalidwe, kapangidwe ka bungwe auzimu ndi ulamuliro wa. Kapangidwe ka gulu limanenedwa pa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi ntchito za kampaniyo, izo zimakhudza zinthu zachuma - zomveka m'gulu kapangidwe kuchepetsa ndalama. Komanso, kapangidwe gulu zimakhudza zinthu monga mawonekedwe a ulamuliro, mlingo wa centralization mayunitsi munthu zinchito, gulu la ntchito, malo kunja, njira ubwenzi kasamalidwe ndodo strategy.

Kapangidwe ka bungwe kumathandiza kuti mphamvu ndi dzuwa kupanga ndi kasamalidwe zochita chisankho yovuta. Kapangidwe ka gulu ayenera kusintha, koma khola, kuwonjezera mpikisano kampani ku msika.

Mitundu ya gulu la nyumba

Phunziro la kapangidwe gulu , pali njira zingapo. Mu mbali luso kapangidwe ka bungwe - dongosolo la zinthu zakuthupi ndi zomwe ndi maziko kukhazikitsa njira zonse. Kapangidwe luso maziko ubale zinchito pakati pa ndodo, zimakhudza zili ndi mtundu wa ntchito, anthu amasankha kukhala mtundu wa ubale wa anthu ndi ntchito pakati pa ogwira ntchito yaikulu zinthu zokhudza gulu la Yehova.

Zinthu zokhudza gulu chimakwirira lotha ndi intergroup ankachita, ndipo amawachitira kuti zolinga, mfundo mphamvu. Kapangidwe Social zimakhudza zinthu zingapo: mphamvu ya utsogoleri ndi mphamvu zake kumanga njira ndi mabwenzi, yonena, Luso, makhalidwe ndi maganizo nyengo mu gulu, kulenga ndi akatswiri angathe antchito, kufuna kwawo, luso ndiponso chikhumbo kufunafuna njira sagwirizana nazo yopanga mavuto mafakitale.

The chigawo chachitatu cha bungwe a dongosolo - sociotechnical, nyumba imeneyi imakhala njira okhudza malo a kuchotsa antchito ntchito zawo, kuonetsetsa interconnections awo.

Kapangidwe ka gulu la kampani kasamalidwe akhoza kugawidwa mu masanjidwe ndi adhokraticheskie. Nayenso kapangidwe masanjidwe ogaŵikana liniya, zinchito, liniya-zinchito, chigawo, ndi ena. A anawagawa masanjidwewo organic, kapangidwe ndi brigade.

nyumba masanjidwe ndi wamba mtundu wa mabungwe iwo zakhala zikusintha pang'onopang'ono m'kupita kwa zamoyo za kasamalidwe. Liniya m'gulu kapangidwe ndi yosavuta ndi mmene makampani ndi mkombero kupanga yosavuta. Mu mabungwe awa, m'zinthu zonse ziziyang'aniridwa kumutu amene nawonso, umamumvera Ngopambana apamwamba. Mutu wagawo amalandiranso udindo wonse pa ntchito m'dipatimenti wake. Ubwino wa nyumba imeneyi ndi mphamvu mwina lililonse limakhala ndi bwana ake, kothandiza dongosolo vzaimopodchineniya ndi ntchito yogawa, momveka dera udindo wa atsogoleri a lililonse kugwirizana. The kuipa nyumba ngati gulu ali zovuta za chonse mayunitsi njira kasamalidwe, omwe zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto athu, koma pang'ono kulowerera kukhazikitsa ndondomeko njira, kusinthasintha osauka ndi Kuyankha ndi kukhazikitsa kusintha mkati ndi kunja, ndi digiri yapamwamba kudalira zotsatira kuchokera Ngopambana wa Luso. Zinchito m'gulu kapangidwe zimasiyana ndi mfundo yolekanitsa mayunitsi liniya, analenga maziko a ntchito. M'mabungwe oterewa, pali zambiri mtanda Chiongoko ndi wojambula yemweyo, amene kwambiri complicates kasamalidwe. Liniya ndi nyumba zinchito - wosiya kale, njira ulamuliro, chifukwa chiyani ziyeneretso ano kasamalidwe.

Liniya-zinchito dongosolo Chili awiri mitundu yapita, mu nkhani iyi, mzere Ngopambana kudalira ntchito za mayunitsi zinchito. nyumba izi ndi zothandiza yofanana njira yopanga ndi ndodo ya palibe anthu oposa 3,000. A ano mtundu zambiri dongosolo ndiyo gulu linearly-ndodo umene aliyense ntchito analenga likulu, amathandiza Ngopambana kuthetsa mavuto zofunika. Chigawo dongosolo yodziwika ndi makampani akuluakulu ndi kupanga mkombero zovuta. Division I - limodzi kupanga wagawo, lotsogoledwa ndi mtsogoleri amene ali ndi mlandu wonse pa ntchito ya gulu lake. Magulu akhoza allocated pa maziko a zigawo (zimenezi n'zomveka dongosolo nthambi) kapena mankhwala. Masanjidwe gulu kapangidwe ndi khola, koma digiri otsika kusinthasintha mchikakamizo cha chilengedwe kusintha. Nthawi zambiri mu nyumba ngati pali nthawi ya chisankho, zopinga malamulo.

nyumba Organic tinapangidwa kuchotsa utsogoleri wolowezana wa zolakwa, zilengedwa zinthu zenizeni ndi anatani mwamsanga kusintha kulikonse, kusinthasintha - izi ndi kusiyana yaikulu ndi mwayi. Brigadnaya osiyana yopingasa dongosolo yokhudza magulu ogwira ntchito. Ubwino wa nyumba amenewa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, liwiro posankha zochita, koma pali mavuto amene kugona mu zovuta woyang'anira magulu onse ndi zolinga njira. Momwemonso pali ntchito dongosolo, momwe anasankha ntchito gulu pansi kuphedwa kwa ntchito zina. Masanjidwewo kapena pulogalamu-chandamale dongosolo tichipeza mitundu iwiri ya zinthu: ntchito zinchito ndi ntchito kapena mapulogalamu. Mu pali kugonjera awiri, ndipo kuti kusowa mabungwe amenewa. Koma ubwino ndi dzuwa la kasamalidwe, dzuwa, ntchito yapamwamba, mogwirizana mavuto panopa ndi njira chitukuko.

Komanso, kapangidwe ka bungwe lagawidwa osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa. Ofunda - ndi dongosolo, amene anakonza zikalata, kapangidwe mwamwayi - izo zokha anayamba maubwenzi antchito ndi kugawikana zawo m'magulu mkati timu. The nyumba yaikulu ndi osasankhidwa asapita chikhalidwe. magulu Mwamwayi zimachitika zokha, pakakhala chosowa, kotero ndi mafoni ndi dongosolo dziphunzitsiranso. Zoopseza, kufalitsidwa kwa mphamvu ndi kugwira m'magulu ngati amenewa m'posavuta tidzasandulika.

Zolinga ndi ntchito za bungwe

mabungwe Mwamwayi ndi mwamawonekedwe analengedwa mu dzina la cholinga makamaka, ndipo iwo kudziwa mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka kampani. Ndi bwino kuti bungwe amakhala ndi zolinga kuipidwa ndi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

• Strategic zolinga. Chiphunzitso cha padziko lonse, zolinga zikuluzikulu za kampani - ndi mbali yofunika ya ntchito za kasamalidwe pamwamba. zolinga zikuphatikizapo malo kampani mu msika, chifaniziro chake zofunika mafakitale ndi malonda ntchito mu kukula yaitali.
• Mwatsatanetsatane zofunika kuchita. Njira kukwaniritsa zolinga lonse nthawi zonse ndi kupyolera kukwaniritsa zolinga yochepa. Mtundu wa zolinga kupitirirabe ndi ntchito mavuto amene mosakayikira zikugwirizanira wonse njira malangizo a chitukuko.
• zolinga Economic. bungwe lirilonse waika yokha cholinga cha phindu malonda, iwo chiyenera chionetsedwe mtengo n'zosangalatsa kumva: ndalama ndi nthawi kukwaniritsa.
• Kupanga zolinga. chitukuko kampani N'zosatheka wamakono ndi kusintha kupanga. Purchase zida, chitukuko cha njira zamakono, ntchito yofunafuna malo atsopano kukhazikitsa - zonse kusalima mu njira kupanga.
• zolinga Social. Kupanga zinthu zabwino mapangidwe chikhalidwe makampani, mmene pa anthu ndi chikhalidwe - zonsezi ndi mbali yofunika ya gulu la Yehova.

Cholinga cha bungwe ofunda zambiri anakonza hayala ndi ndi maganizo ndi angalimbikitsire mu chikhalidwe, ziyenera kugwirizana ndi cholinga kampani. Zolinga magulu mwamwayi ambiri si anakonza kulemba ndipo amaoneka makhalidwe monga wamba ndi zinthu. zolinga zonse za bungwe tithe kuti chofunika ndi lagona pa iwo, zopanga njira ndi njira ntchito.

Makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe a gulu

Ngakhale kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa mabungwe, amagawana makhalidwe chibadidwe aliyense wa iwo. Khalidwe waukulu wa bungwe - pamaso pa chandamale, amene ali pafupi ndi ophunzira ake onse.

An khalidwe zofunika ya gulu ofunda - udindo wake malamulo ndi kudzipatula. gulu ayenera yokhala-inagona mtundu wa kasamalidwe, amene amathandiza udindo wake wapadera. Paokha ndi anasonyeza mu kutsekedwa kwa yopanga ndi kasamalidwe ka njira mkati kuti alenge malire pakati pa bungwe ndi dziko lakunja. The chizindikiro wotsatira wa bungwe - ndi yofunika kwambiri kupezeka kwa chuma: anthu, ndalama, chuma, mabungwe a boma pofuna ndalama akhoza kukhala mphamvu. bungwe ali ndi makhalidwe monga kudziletsa lamulo, lili m'dera yakeyake udindo natenga zosankha zazikulu paokha. Koma amakhalabe amadalira chilengedwe kunja, izi zimakhudza zochitika zawo. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi pamaso pa miyambo gulu kuti alipo mu mawonekedwe a kampani malamulo, miyambo, mapembedzedwe, nthano.

Zizindikiro za mabungwe ofunda

Komanso mbali wamba khalidwe ofunda gulu amakhazikitsa mbali mwini chosiyana. Woyamba mwa zizindikiro zimenezi ndi pamaso pa m'ndandanda wa zikalata malamulo zochita zake: malangizo, malemba, malamulo, malangizo mankhwala ake njira zina zochita pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, ntchito zake poyamba zaformalizovana. Kapangidwe mwamwambo chabe bungwe ndipo zikuphatikiza magulu mwamwayi, koma zigawo zake ofunda ndi nthawi lalikulu. Choncho, bungwe ofunda ndi nthawi onse ndi zambiri mwamwayi.

Zizindikiro za mabungwe mwamwayi

Makhalidwe apadera a mabungwe mwamwayi kuwasiyanitsa ndi antipode ake. makhalidwe amenewa ndi monga:

• Kapezekedwe ka ulamuliro onse. mabungwe wamwamwayi moyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse mamembala awo ndi malo kunja, kuti kuzindikira makhalidwe ovomerezeka komanso wokanika. Mamembala a magulu mwamwayi n'kukulemberani ena dongosolo khalidwe, chifukwa kupatukira malamulo ndi malamulo a akudikira gulu membala anadzudzula kapena ngakhale anamuponya kunja kwa gulu.
• Kutsekeka kwa kusintha. Chinthu china magulu mwamwayi ndi kukana mkati kusintha, gulu amamuchititsa zitetezeke komanso kukambirana kusintha monga kuopseza kupulumuka.
• Pamaso pa atsogoleri osasankhidwa. Khalidwe lofunika kwambiri pa magulu amenewa ndi pamaso pa atsogoleri osasankhidwa. Mtsogoleri wa gulu - ndi chinthu dongosolo-kupanga mabungwe amenewa, iwo anapatsa ufulu ndi udindo winawake ali ndi chikhulupiriro komanso kuzindikira pakati gululi.

mitundu ya mabungwe

Komanso pali osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa mabungwe, monga kumasulidwa ndi mitundu ina. Iwo akhoza wachinsinsi ndi makampani: .. Trade, kupanga pokambiranapo, utumiki, etc. Malinga za malamulo a gulu akhoza kugawidwa mu malonda ndipo sanali malonda. Kumbali ya ulimi tingaone monga mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, sing'anga ndi lalikulu. Gawo Basic ikukhudzana kwenikweni kwa gulu mwamaonekedwe, koma mitundu ina angathe kukhala mu gulu mwamwayi.

chilengedwe Internal gulu la

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa gulu ndi kukhalapo chilengedwe mkati. Naye kale monga zolinga, zolinga, kapangidwe gulu, anthu ogwira ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Chilengedwe mkati - dongosolo makina, chifukwa amadalira kwambiri zinthu. ofunda ka bungwe tichipeza magulu anakhazikitsa utsogoleri mu ntchito zawo iwo motsogozedwa ndi malamulo ondandalikidwa zikalata. Mu mbali iyi ya chilengedwe mkati nthawi ananenedwa ngati zinthu za gulu Chikhalidwe amapeza. Gulu lolembedwa Pankhaniyi zikhoza kukhala kusintha, koma E ndi bwana. magulu Mwamwayi ndi mbali ya chilengedwe mkati, koma ntchito zawo Pamlingo wamng'ono ndi anakonzeratu ndi malamulo. Apa yofunika kwambiri ndi ankaimba ndi kulankhulana, chikondi ndi mabwenzi, otchedwa nyengo maganizo a gulu la ntchito.

magulu osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa m'gululi

Kapangidwe zovuta mabungwe, makamaka lalikulu tiyenera kusankha mwa magulu ang'onoang'ono ntchito pochita zosiyana. Iwo akhoza kukhala ofunda kapena zomveka bwino. Udindo wa magulu ofunda ndi kuthetsa mavuto mafakitale ndi malonda mu Buku malangizo. magulu ndi kwa nthaŵi ya ntchito iliyonse Mwachitsanzo, kulenga ntchito. zochita zawo ndi malamulo ndi zikalata monga malangizo, chimene kuonetsetsa mphamvu ndi vuto. Koma magulu chachikulu ndi nthawi padera ndi osasankhidwa mabungwe. Zitsanzo za magulu angapezeke mbewu iliyonse. Iwo pindani zokha pamaziko a amakonda munthu ndi zinthu. Iwo mbali yofunika kwambiri mu bungwe, monga masewera gulu, mawonekedwe ndi kukhala nyengo gulu la amathandiza kuti kusintha kwa chikhalidwe amapeza.

Lingaliro ndi udindo wa mtsogoleri gulu

mabungwe Mwamwayi ndi mwamawonekedwe ntchito zake zochokera atsogoleri. mtsogoleri wa chiphunzitso cha kumapereka lingaliro la kukhalapo kwa munthu uyu wapadera maganizo makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe. Mtsogoleri - munthu okhala chidaliro cha gulu, ayenera kukhala ndi ulamuliro. Ngati mu magulu ofunda ali mwalamulo anasankha munthu wamkulu amene si mtsogoleri, mu magulu mwamwayi nthawi zonse mtsogoleri amene asankha ntchito imeneyi chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake payekha. Mtsogoleri wa gulu chimathandiza anthu ndipo amawalimbikitsa kuchita kanthu, sayenera kukakamiza iwo, chifukwa antchito mwaufulu anapatsa mphamvu zake. Management Modern akuonetsa kulamulira kutsogolera tizidalira magulu awo gwero mphamvu.

Management wa bungwe ofunda

kasamalidwe mwamwambo chabe bungwe zachokera ntchito miyambo ya kasamalidwe: kulera, bungwe, ulamuliro, chilimbikitso ndi kugwirizana. M'mabungwe oterewa, kutithandiza kuona ndi gulu la ntchito zomwe allocates aliyense wogwira ntchito mu unyolo kupanga. mabungwe a boma Mwachitsanzo, ntchito pamaziko zafotokozedwa ntchito, amene bwino kwambiri mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa ntchito, mphamvu, ufulu ndi udindo kwa anthu osiyanasiyana ndodo. Mu collectives ngati kasamalidwe ntchito zedi mkulu, monga asangalatsi sayenera kusankha, si amayenera kulandira malangizo. Ofunda gulu akusowa mtsogoleri amene mphamve kutenga udindo. Management chifukwa chipembedzo chake ofunda ogrstrukturoy, zolinga, ukulu, fakotrami mkati ndi kunja chilengedwe.

Management wa gulu mwamwayi

gulu Mwamwayi chikhalidwe kumapereka lingaliro ufulu ena, si mmene utsogoleri wolowezana wa mphamvu, chinthu chachikulu apa - za kucheza ndi maubwenzi. Management zoterozo gulu ikuchitika malangizo angapo, horizontally, pansi pamwamba ndi pamwamba mpaka pansi. kasamalidwe mwamwayi ya gulu akhoza kugwira atsogoleri osankhidwa, koma nthawi zambiri impso zaperekedwa kwa atsogoleri maganizo anapatsidwa ulamuliro wa gululo. Mu mabungwe awa, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kasamalidwe bwino mu mawonekedwe a malangizo ndi malamulo zambiri kasamalidwe ikuchitika mwa njira maganizo chikoka ndiponso kukwaniritsa. Mwamwayi Gulu Management zimadalira cohesion ndi gulu kukula, zokhudzana ndi kapangidwe.