Mausoleum wa Galla Placidia: kufotokoza, mbiri. Zosangalatsa Ravenna

Izi tawuni zigawo mu Italy m'zaka za m'ma V anatenga Mapu ndi mazana angapo anali likulu la Western Roma. Pafupi ndi Nyanja Adriatic, Ravenna ndi amazipanga wolemera zipilala kamangidwe ka Nthawi Mkhristu ndi Byzantine oyambirira. Makamaka wotchuka zojambula ake zithunzi. Zidzasintha zidutswa chithunzi smalt kuti akakometsere nyumba zotchuka mzinda, n'zosadabwitsa wapadera kukongola.

The tchalitchi chachikulu likulu la zithunzi

Amene ali pansi pa chitetezero cha UNESCO, Cathedral wa San Vitale mu Ravenna imatengedwa mpingo waukulu wa m'mudzi waung'ono. Analemba za izo, kuti okongola ndi olemekezeka zipilala achipembedzo ku Ulaya amene achoka anapeza. Anabzala mu 525 BC, pa tchalitchi wotchuka Byzantine Zithunzi omwe si anawonongedwa ndi nthawi. Ndi chidwi mmodzi mwa iwo Khristu, pansi pa mpira buluu, kusonyeza dziko lathuli, zikusonyeza mnyamata popanda ndevu a. Pa zina mukhoza kuona Zithunzi za Mfumu ndi banja lake.

Pamene mzinda anadutsa ku Byzantines, iwo sanawononge mpingo wa San Vitale mu Ravenna wodzilemekeza ndiponso ndi zojambula, imene ambuye kuti anaika wolamulira latsopano ndi mkazi wake. Akukhulupirira kuti zithunzi nthawi ndi analogi wa zithunzi, ndi luso olemba ndendende kulengedwanso mbali zonse za munthu, ndipo amasonyeza mokoma zovala ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.

The mausoleum wodzipereka kwa mwana wamkazi wa mfumu ya Roma

katswiri woona za mzinda chuma, ankaona wachiwiri kwa aliyense mu dziko, kuposa zokopa ambiri pa mlingo wa mtengo luso. mzinda zimatetezedwa ndi UNESCO mausoleum kukwapula Mosiyana wokonda moyo wodzimana maonekedwe ndi wokongola yokongola mkati.

Anamanga nyumba njerwa zofiira chikutchedwa mwana wamkazi wa mfumu yomaliza ya Roma. Theodosius Wamkulu, amene anali kupereka dzina lake ndi olemba Mkhristu, kuletsa zachikunja miyambo. Nkhoswe odzipereka a ziphunzitso chilichonse kudziwa malangizo a chitukuko achipembedzo ku Ulaya. Mu ulamuliro wake, mfundo Mkhristu malamulo naye. Canonized mu nkhope ya St. Feodosiy Veliky kutha kwa Roma Gothic nkhondo.

Osati mausoleum, ndi cappella?

mwana wake wamkazi ndaleredwa mu Constantinople, anabweretsa ambuye Byzantine. Wotchuka mausoleum, lili San Vitale, anamanga pa malamulo ake. Komabe, iye anapeza chitetezo otsiriza osati mu nyumba yolemekezeka kuti uli wodzipereka ndi mtima m'chipinda chotetezeka banja ili Rome, m'chaka cha 450. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti Mausoleum wa Galla Placidia anali Chapel wa St. Lawrence, amene ankalimbikitsa ndi banja lachifumu, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, CE mfumukazi pano kupemphera.

Kusiyana kwa maonekedwe akunja ndi yokongola mkati

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale anaphunzira mamangidwe a nyumba ndipo mutu wa Zithunzi ndipo anapeza kuti mausoleum ndi ofanana kwambiri Martyr - nyumba achipembedzo anamangidwira pa m'manda. Lili tchalitchi cha Ravenna Chipilala kunja zikuwoneka wodzichepetsa ndipo ndi chitsanzo cha mamangidwe a mipingo wachikhristu woyambirira. Ndi Latin mtanda ndi nsanja kooneka ngati kyubu, lomwe linalembedwa waluntha wamanga wosaoneka kunja mzikiti lapansi. Wokonda moyo wodzimana maonekedwe a nyumbayi Siyanitsani zikuchepa ndi mkati mwanaalirenji.

Kutengera mpanda mausoleum Galla Placidia Ravenna mwadala wosiyana kunja dziko mpanda wolimba ndi embrasures chokhala mazenera yopapatiza imene kuwala likulowerera ofooka.

Akristu nthawi kuti kukongola kwa thupi anatanthauza pomuyerekeza zauzimu, ndipo ngakhale luso ofufuza poyerekeza ntchito zimenezi ndi limalephera unremarkable kuti kusunga mkati mtengo wapatali.

chokongoletsera zithunzi

The mmunsi mwa makoma wodzaza ndi nsangalabwi mandala, kupanga maganizo lightness ndi airiness. M'tchalitchi cha mausoleum ali chokongoletsedwa ndi Zithunzi ndi dongosolo wokongola mumthunzi wa buluu ndi golide ndi ukuwala mowala zochokera ku mtanda kum'mawa likulu lake - chizindikiro cha Yesu anavutika osati kugonjetsa imfa. Izi amakwaniritsa zimakhudzanso zabodza kwa nyenyezi, zimene kanjedza woyera fungatirani mu mlengalenga. chitsanzo Magic ntchito kwa mipango silika, anagulitsa chilichonse shopu kachikumbutso ndi alendo achotse ndi chidutswa cha wotchuka chipilala Ravenna.

Zochitika ku Mbusa Wabwino atazunguliridwa ndi nkhosa, pansi pamene Yesu akuonetsedwa monga Mfumu yakumwamba, zochokera pa mtanda, akatswiri ambiri satanthauza idyll m'busa, ndipo mwambo wa maliro, ndipo inu mukhoza kumva mzimu wa chofunika. Mose, chomwe kunachokera chikoka zoonekeratu Constantinople, anapanga zaka zana kenako Ufumu wa Byzantine anatengera Chikhristu.

Wapadera zojambula ndi zithunzi

Mumadziwika mausoleum Galla Placidia allocated mwa zipilala ena Ravenna zithunzi gulu loyimba webs amene anamaliza chithunzi. Akatswiri kulabadira talente zodabwitsa za mbuye, amene analenga ntchito zidzasintha. Mwina kudziŵika kuti oyera classically zimakambidwa, kuika awo ndi moyo uncured, wolemba imatiuza zotsatira za kuunika ndi njira akumasulira mpweya.

Wapadera mphatso lagona mu njira yapadera kuika zithunzi. Mausoleum wa Galla Placidia chapadera pakati pa za ensembles mapulani katswiri zidzasintha anapanga anonymous mbuye. Iwo kuposa ntchito zina, zisungidwe Ravenna. Smalt akalumikidzidwa osiyana anaika pa ngodya makamaka ndi kusiyana ang'ono, amene kumawonjezera kuzindikira zithunzi ndi chifukwa refraction kuwala kukodzedwa mtundu phale.

Ndi zinthu osauka kuunikira fano flickered, ndipo zinkaoneka kuti mpanda wa nyumba ndi za miyala yamtengo wapatali, shimmering ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu malo ochepa, Zithunzi kujambula kudzawala wapadzadziko nzeru chimene chimaonetsa mkati kukayikitsanso alendo akutama omveka bwino zithunzi luso.

Mmodzi wa ofufuza za luso Byzantine, akutama ukulu wa chozizwitsa Ravenna, kuti munthu aliyense amene angalowe mdima zakuwala- kochepa anayatsa mausoleum wa Galla Placidia, kuwapititsa ku dziko lina kumene kulikonse ndi onse ndi zachilendo kulisindikiza.