"Borodino munda" - Boma Borodino nkhondo ndi History Museum ndi Reserve

munda Borodino - si mbali imodzi ya dera, komanso chikumbutso kwa onse ulemerero lankhondo la asilikali Russian amene anatsogolera kwawo, osati mu XIX, komanso m'ma XX. Kodi akuimira zaka zambiri pambuyo chigonjetso chachikulu nzika anzathu? munda Borodino, chithunzi chimene Sangathe kusonyeza ukulu onse malo yakale imeneyi, kamodzi pa moyo wawo kukaonana iliyonse Russian.

mwachidule

achinyamata ambiri amene amakonda mbiri ulemerero wa dziko lathu, amadziwa munda wa Borodino. Malo a nkhondo kale losagonjetseka French asilikali a Napoleon ndi asilikali a Russia, wodziwika ngakhale kuti alendo ambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa kufunika chachikulu ya nkhondo wamagazi umene unachitika mu nkhondo kukonda dziko lako a 1812. Ndi njira ambiri anasintha wa mbiriyakale, osati kokha kwa Russian Ufumu, komanso Europe.

munda Borodino ndi yaikulu m'gawo m'mapiko kumadzulo kwa Mozhaisk. Malowa ali pamtunda pa malo kuthetsa akumidzi. Iye ali dzina labwino - Borodino. Pamudzi zikugwirizanirana ndi chigawo cha Moscow dera Mozhaisk. Linamangidwa pafupi ndi mudzi wa Borodino. Kuti malo amenewa anali kuyembekezera kukhala chipilala kuti ulemerero ndi mzimu indomitable asilikali Russian.

Museum-Reserve, ndipo amatchedwa - "Borodino munda", ndi chikumbutso cha awiri World nkhondo II. Pa amadziwika m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse. Amaona m'nyumbayi wamkulu analenga nkhondo. The malo dera ndi 110 sq. Km. Izo ziri zoposa 200 achikumbutso, zipilala ndi zipilala. Ena mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri iwo - nsanamira lamulo la Napoleon ndi M. I. Kutuzova, chikumbutso, zipilala ku malo Okhazikikamo la asilikali Russian.

Mbiri ulemerero wa asilikali Russian

Pa dera la Pamudzi pano August 26 (New kalendala 7 September) mu 1812 kunali nkhondo yaikulu tanthauzo pakati pa French asilikali a Napoleon ndi asilikali Russian. Koma osati izi Nkhondo ya Borodino ndi kunyada wa m'deralo. Mu 1941-1942. m'dera anali mzere wabwino wa chitetezo wa Moscow.

Map Borodino munda muli zosiyanasiyana zizindikiro kusonyeza anthu kapena malo ena wosaiwalika. The zochitika zazikulu za nkhondo French-Russian zinachitika pakati pa zaka Smolensk msewu. ngati zipangizo zofunika nkhondo inali pa gawo:

• Bagration (Semenov) amatuluka;

• Shevardino redoubt;

• The batire Rajewski.

Zotsatira za nkhondo

Malinga ndi azambiriyakale, posonkhanitsa deta nkhondo ya Borodino panafika asilikali 120 zikwi Russian ndi 135,000 French. Anthu a ku Russia anali 624 mfuti, pamene adani awo - 587. nkhondo inayambika ndi adani a m'mudzi French wa Borodino, kumene kale Russia asilikali. The zochitika zazikulu za nkhondo inayambika pa 5:00 am, pa pambali yakumanzere ya asilikali Russian. Pa nthawi imeneyi mu chigwa ili Semenovski Bagration amatuluka. Pakhala maola ambiri kumenyana aukali. Amatuluka nthawi zambiri wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja otsutsa. Dziko zophimbidwa ndi mitembo ya amuna ndi akavalo. Mu nkhondo imeneyi, Mtsogoleri wa 2 Western asilikali P. I. Bagration anali wovulala. Kenako, French anatha kugwila amatuluka.

Yemweyo nkhanza nkhondo anali kwa batire Rajewski, amene anali pa malo a udindo Russian. Pankhondo wamagazi amene anapha zikwi asilikali mbali zonse, asilikali Russian anasonyeza wawo indomitable kupambana. Ngakhale kuti French anatha analanda mtima a ku Russia pakati ndi pa pambali kumanzere, Napoleon flinch cholinga ngati kulimbana imfa ndi mdani kuloŵa m'malo awo oyambirira.

Nkhondo ya Borodino imatengedwa yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiriyakale nkhondo tsiku limodzi. Iwo anapha 45 zikwi Russian ndi 40 zikwi Afalansa. Pa nthawi yomweyo mbali zonse anali kutaya asilikali komanso alonda. Nkhondoyi anapha 23 Russian ndi 49 akazembe French, amene kwambiri wofooka ndi nkhondo losagonjetseka pamaso Napoleon.

Mtengo wa Nkhondo ya Borodino

Nkhondo ya Borodino - mmodzi wa yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiriyakale ya asilikali Russian. Iye molondola kwambiri anafotokoza mu buku la Leo Tolstoy "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Zotsatira za nkhondo imeneyi anali kuthawa Napoleon a. Iye osati anasiya analanda Moscow komanso anataya asilikali ake ambirimbiri ndi France.

M'munsi mwa nyumbayi

Mu 1837, Russian Mfumu Nicholas ndinagula mu dzina la mwana wake Alexander gawo la chuma m'mudzi wa Borodino. Mbali yofunika kwambiri kuti asayambe kukumbukira ngwazi za asilikali Russian kunali kutsegulidwa kwa August 26, 1839 chipilala asilikali Russian, limene lili batire Rajewski ndi reburial cha phulusa Bagrationa P. I. m'tsogolo mderali nyumbayi linakhazikitsidwa, wodzipereka kwa wina nkhondo kwambiri pa mbiri ya Russian ufumu. General munda anayendera akhoza kupangidwa ndi Barrow mkulu, limene lili kunja kwa Slides m'mudzimo. Pa tsiku lankhondo anali zi- positi M. I. Kutuzova. Malinga ndi nthano wokalamba, pa chiyambi cha Nkhondo ya Mkulu Flying Mphungu, iye ananeneratu chigonjetso cha Russian. Iwo mbalame anali pooping pa obelisk, pa mulu uwu.

Mu 1912, tsiku lokumbukira 100th wa nkhondo pa nkhondo chipilala unakhazikitsidwa 33 osiyana magawano, regiments, Corps, makampani ndi mabatire awo. Onse a iwo ali pa n'chodabwitsa osiyana kakulidwe pa gombe la mitsinje ndi otsetsereka a zigwembe. Ambiri zipilala za zinamangidwa ndi zopereka wa asilikari ndi asilikali ntchito yausilikali, analandira udindo idzachitikira pa Borodino mayunitsi.

zipilala Borodino

Makasitomala minda Borodino ndi mwayi kuona kuti 50 zipilala chabwino, onse atsogoleri kwambiri ndi asilikali yosavuta Russian. Onsewo amakakamizidwa chonyaditsa makolo athu, kuphunzitsa ndi ganizo wakutemwa mu munthu aliyense. Manda yaikulu ya munda Borodino:

• Obelisk Field polimbana M. I. Kutuzovu, analengedwa ndi wotchuka wamanga Vorontsov-Velyaminovym.

• Bagration amatuluka.

• kuphetsa asilikali French.

• The batire Rajewski.

• asilikali Russian.

• Utitsky Kurgan (Hill Gardens).

• 7 oyenda Division.

• Nezhin Dragoon Regiment.

• Wild Hatchi zida zankhondo.

• 2 Cuirassier magawano.

• Volyn Regiment.

• Manda a General Bagration.

• Chilituyaniya Regiment.

• Shevardino redoubt.

• 3 oyenda Division ya General PP Konovnitsyn

• «Msinkhu Roubaud."

• 24 oyenda Division.

• Moscow ndi Smolensk makamu.

• Finland Regiment.

• 3 apakavalo Corps ndi 1 Hatchi Battery.

• 12 oyenda Division.

• 2 batire Hatchi zida zankhondo Brigade mkulu Raalya FF

Mu msewu kuti zikugwirizana m'mudzi wa Borodino kwa nyumbayi, yaima pa pedestal T-34 thanki. chipilala ili laperekedwa kwa asilikali 5 Army kuteteza Moscow mu 1941. Mwambo baji amalembedwa dontho Mozhaisk zokhalamo dera, anamanga mu 1941.

manda misa

Kuwonjezera pa zipilala ndi zipilala, ena ili pa malo misa manda imene bodza Russian ndi French asilikali amene anamwalira m'chaka cha nkhondo ya Borodino. Pafupi ndi chipilala Bakhmetev magawano m'manda alonda Russian amene anapereka miyoyo yawo pa nkhondo imeneyo. M'nyumbayi-malo kumeneko Misa manda a asilikali anaphedwa mu nkhalango Utitskom. The chizindikiro chikumbutso pa izo anamangidwira mu 1962. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa malo amene munali amatuluka Bagration, zotsalira za asilikali ku magulu onse awiri poyera. Pambuyo reburial mwambo linatsegulidwa manda a msirikali wosadziwika. Mu 1912, pamalo pamene panali malo Napoleon lamulo, iye anaikidwa yekha chipilala ku French wagwa. Pa ndi mawu akuti: ". Dead khamu lalikulu"

pali m'manda a asilikali Soviet m'munda 1941-1942, GG, amene ali pafupifupi pafupi ndi anthu ena losaiwalika, unakhazikitsidwa mu ulemu wa ngwazi za kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812 Choncho, Borodino Station ndi manda a asilikali Soviet 5 Army.

Asilikali History Museum

munda Borodino, limene lili pakati pa asilikali History Museum, amakopa mazana la alendo tsiku lililonse. The nyumba yaikulu inamangidwa m'chaka cha 1912, mu nthawi ya chikumbutso 100th nkhondo wotchuka dziko, likatembenuza mafunde mu 1812 ndi kufotokoza wolemera zinapanga ana a ankhondo wotchuka momwe Nkhondo ya Borodino.

Mapulani ndi chikumbutso zovuta

Pa malo kamodzi anali mmodzi wa amatuluka Bagration, lero waima wokongola mapulani ndi chikumbutso zovuta. Pamafunikanso:

• Mpulumutsi Borodino Akatolika, amene kumanga zinachitikadi mu 1830-1870 gg

• Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi.

• Kolotsky obisika, umene unali likulu la Kutuzova M. I.

• Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu, chibwenzi kumbuyo kwa cha m'ma XVII.

Mpulumutsi Borodino Akatolika anayambitsa Margarita Mihaylovna Tuchkova pamalo pamene mwamuna wake anamwalira - General AA Tuchkov. Mu nyumba yake chionetsero yaing'ono unakhazikitsidwa mu 1994, malawi mu 3 zipinda. Limanena za moyo wa banja limeneli wotchuka mbiri ya maziko a obisika a. Mu chipinda chachikulu ndi chikumbutso General Tuchkov.

Modern moyo mpweya owonetsera zakale

M'zaka za m'ma XXI Museum-Reserve anapereka alendo ake chionetsero latsopano lakuti "Borodino -. Nkhondo ya ziphona" Ndi ili mu nyumba chibwenzi kuchokera batire Rajewski. Chifukwa cha chionetserocho ndi zinthu pachiyambi kuti imakhudzana ndi Nkhondo ya Borodino. Pamafunikanso: mbendera ndi miyezo; zida; yunifolomu asilikali ankhondo awiri; mphoto; zikalata; makadi; katundu. Nawa anasonyeza ndipo zimene iwo anapeza kuchokera ku nkhondo. Pakati pawo pali zidutswa za mabomba, mipira Cannon, zipolopolo. Chionetsero zikuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana zosemasema kuti analengedwa ndi ophunzira ndipo m'nthawi ya zochitika akale aja. Komanso amasonyeza zojambula themed XIX-XX zaka.

Pa dera la munda Borodino pali kuthetsa, "Doronin," chomwe ndi owonetsera zakale zotenga moyo asilikali ndi m'mphawi. Mbali yake yaikulu ili kuti nyumba, zinthu, zinthu, ndipo mkati zonse - chinthu chenicheni.

Other owonetsera zakale

Mmodzi wa expositions yotchuka kwambiri ya m'nyumbayi-malo - ". Nkhondo Gallery" Ndi ili mu malo ya refectory wa Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi wa Borodino Akatolika. Nkhondo ya Borodino anali ndi mtima wofuna kwambiri, kotero chionetserocho zimaonetsa oposa 70 zithunzi za akapitawo a asilikali Russian, limene pali zambiri akazembe wotchuka zosaonekera. Kuposa magawo atatu a asilikali kunkhondo anavulala kapena contusion. Nkhondo ya Borodino kwambiri kwambiri amakhudza masanjidwe osiyana ndi nthandala.

Orthodox chikondwerero ndi kukhazikitsanso nkhondo

munda Borodino mu 2005 anali kudzachita la International achinyamata chikondwerero "Abale". Ambiri zibonga kukonda dziko lako nawo zojambulidwa kuti recreate nkhondo nkhondo ya 1812 ndi 1941 Chaka ambiri mabungwe osiyanasiyana amene amagwira ntchito mwachangu iwo. Changu chimenecho anthu amakono mwayi kuyang'ana zochitika m'mbiri ya dziko lakwawo mwa maso a anthu amene nawo. Izi rapprochement ndi m'mbuyomu amalola kuti athe kuona mbiri ndi kupitiriza kwa mibadwo. Mamembala a zibonga mbiri asilikali ndi kukhala wochitachita mu mapulogalamu ambiri maphunziro, zitsanzo, kuwombera ndi filimuyi.

Kodi kukwaniritsa m'nyumbayi

Zokhumba ambiri kukaona munda Borodino. Kodi tifike kwa ilo ku Moscow? Pamaso m'nyumbayi-malo si ovuta kufikako. Iwo akhoza anafika:

• Pa galimoto, kupita ku makilomita 102 pa msewu waukulu Minsk. Ndiye muyenera tembenuzirani motsogozedwa Mozhaisk. Kuyambira izo Cholozera ku mudzi wa Borodino ofuna kudutsa 12 okha Km.

• basi chifukwa njira wautali №457 «Moscow Mozhaisk." Khalani pa izo, inu mukhoza pa siteji ya basi pa siteshoni okwerera sitima "Kupambana Park". Zotsatirazi ndi kupita ku siteji "Borodino".

• Mwa sitima mukhoza kupeza kuchokera Belorussky njanji kuti Borodino Station, kenako kuyenda muyenera kuyenda za 3 Km kuti m'nyumbayi yokha. Travel nthawi za 3 maola.

Museum-Reserve amatenga onse maulendo gulu ndi apaulendo yopuma. ZIMAKHALA owonetsera zakale ndodo chingatithandize ndi kusankha njira mwa dera la Borodino kumunda, mapulani ndi chikumbutso zovuta. Iwo amalankhula za mphindi onse wina nkhondo kwambiri pa mbiri ya dziko lathu.

M'mudzi wa Borodino ndi cafe "Mozhayskoe munda" komwe alendo akhoza mpumulo ndi chitsitsimutso.