Mbali ya ubongo ndi ntchito zawo: kapangidwe, mbali ndi mafotokozedwe

Brain - mbuye yang'anira a ntchito za aliyense chamoyo moyo, wina mchitidwe chapakati mantha dongosolo. Mpaka pano asayansi zachipatala kuphunzira mbali ya ubongo ndipo anatsekula onse watsopano mwayi zosaneneka izo. Izi ndi chiwalo zovuta kuti kulumikiza thupi lathu ndi chilengedwe kunja. mbali ya ubongo ndi ntchito zawo kudzilamulira njira zonse moyo. zolandilira kunja kukakwera zizindikiro ndi kudziwitsa za zimene zikuchitika ukubwera (kuwala, phokoso, chogwirika ndi ena ambiri) ku mbali iliyonse ya ubongo. Yankho abwera yomweyo. Kodi mutu wathu "purosesa", adzamvetsa kwambiri.

General malongosoledwe a ubongo

mbali ya ubongo ndi ntchito zawo mokwanira kutsogolera njira moyo wathu. Ubongo wa munthu imakhala manyuroni biliyoni 25. Chiwerengero zosaneneka maselo n'kupanga nkhani imvi. Brain chimakwirira zipolopolo zingapo:

• zofewa;
• yoima;
• arachnoid (apa amazungulira mowa).

Mowa - magazi cerebrospinal mu ubongo n'chofunikira wa mantha absorber mtetezi ndi mphamvu iliyonse kuponya.

Amuna ndi akazi anayamba ubongo chimodzimodzi mwa njira yomweyo, ngakhale ake kulemera ndi osiyana. Posachedwapa anakakhala mkangano kuti kulemera kwa ubongo n'chofunikira mu chitukuko maganizo ndi luso aluntha. Yankho losavuta - si. ubongo kulemera ndi 2% ya kulemera okwana munthu. Mu amuna, kulemera kwa mu avareji 1 370 ga, ndi akazi - 1240, ntchito za m'madera ubongo wa munthu anayamba muyezo amene umoyo dalila iwo. nzeru zimadalira kuchuluka analengedwa kugwirizana kwa ubongo. Mukachipinda ubongo - manyuroni, omwe amapanga ndi transmits nyemba.

The cavities mu ubongo otchedwa ventricles. M'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana kupita cranial misempha awiriawiri.

Ntchito ya ubongo (Table)

Aliyense dipatimenti mu ubongo afika ntchitoyo ichitidwe. Gome m'munsimu atsimikiza izi. ubongo ngati kompyuta, momveka amagwiranso ntchito yake, kulandira lamulo la dziko lakunja.

Ntchito ya ubongo, tebulo limafotokoza zojambula ndi bwino.

Pansipa tikambirana mbali ya ubongo mwatsatanetsatane.

kapangidwe

Mu chithunzi zikusonyeza mmene ubongo. Mbali yofunika kwambiri kulamulidwa ndi hemispheres oziziritsa, ngakhale, ziwalo zonse za ubongo ndi ntchito zawo mbali yofunika kwambiri mu thupi. Pali m'madipatimenti zazikulu zisanu:

• kumapeto (a kulemera okwana ndi 80%);
• kumbuyo (mlatho ndi cerebellum);
• wapakatikati;
• oblong;
• pafupifupi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo ubongo ndi mbali zitatu: ubongo tsinde, cerebellum, awiri hemispheres ubongo.

endbrain

N'zosatheka kufotokoza mwachidule kapangidwe ka ubongo. Kumvetsa mbali ya ubongo ndi ntchito zake, m'pofunika kuphunzira dongosolo lawo kwambiri.

Telencephalon chochokera mazunzo ku fupa occipital. Apa tikulingalira awiri hemispheres oziziritsa: lamanzere ndi lamanja. Pa ena, dipatimenti uyu ali ambiri amene sulci ndi gyri. Development ndi kapangidwe ka ubongo sitingalephere akumangani. Akatswiri anatsindika mitundu itatu ya kutumphuka:

• wakale (s olfactory tubercle, zapambuyo perforated mankhwala lunate podmozolistoy podmozolistoy gyrus ndi lateral);
• akale (ndi dentate gyrus - fascia ndi gippokambom);
• yatsopano (ndi ena kotekisi a).

Hemispheric anagawa kotenga poyambira mwakuya wake wakhazikika, ndipo corpus callosum, amene kugwirizana Chigawo. Nkosafuna corpus callosum wodzaza ndi ulusi mitsempha ndipo zokhudzana neocortex lapansi. Kapangidwe ka hemispheres m'malo ovuta ndipo akufanana ndi dongosolo Mipikisano mlingo. Pali mazunzo osiyanasiyana, wosakhalitsa, parietal ndi occipital Lobe, subcortex ndi kotekisi. hemispheres oziziritsa anachita chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito. Dziwani kuti Chigawo kumanzere analamula bwino mbali ya thupi, ndi mosemphanitsa bwino - kumanzere.

kutumphuka

Pamwamba wosanjikiza ubongo - ndi khungwa, ali ndi makulidwe a 3 mm, chimakwirira Chigawo. Kapangidwe tichipeza maselo ofukula mitsempha ndi njira. Mu kotekisi wa muli efferent ndi afferent ulusi mitsempha, ndi neuroglia. mbali ya ubongo ndi ntchito zawo tikambirana gome, ndi kuti ndi kutumphuka? An dongosolo Ester kukhala layering yopingasa. Kapangidwe ali zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi:

• akunja pyramidal;
• akunja granular;
• lamkati particulate;
• maselo;
• mkati pyramidal;
• ndi maselo fusiform.

Aliyense ali osiyana manyuroni m'lifupi, kachulukidwe, mawonekedwe. mitolo ofukula ulusi mitsempha Ufumuyo makungwa a striations choimirira. M'dera la kotekisi pafupifupi 2200 masentimita lalikulu, chiwerengero cha manyuroni pano ukufika biliyoni khumi.

mbali ya ubongo ndi ntchito zawo: khungwa

Makungwa amalowerera ntchito angapo omwe za thupi. Aliyense Lobe ndi udindo magawo yake. Taganizirani ntchito womangidwa kwa mfundo hotelo More:

• zosatha Lobe - akulamulira kununkhiza ndi kumva;
• parietal - ndi udindo kukoma kukhudza;
• occipital - masomphenya;
• mazunzo - zovuta kuganiza, kulankhula ndi kuyenda.

Aliyense minyewa ndi anakumana ndi manyuroni, pali ojambula zikwi khumi (imvi kanthu). Mitsempha ulusi - ndi zinthu zoyera. A mbali zina za ubongo Chili. nkhani White zikuphatikizapo mitundu itatu ya ulusi:

• associational ulalo mu umodzi Chigawo m'madera osiyana yokhudza kotekisi;
• commissural Chigawo pamodzi;
• Ziyerekezo kulankhula ndi dongosolo m'munsi ndi analyzers njira.

Poganizira kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo, m'pofunika kutsindika ntchito ya nkhani imvi ndi woyera. Hemispheric ali mu ganglia woyambira (imvi kanthu), ntchito yaikulu ndi popereka mauthenga. Pakati pa oziziritsa kutumphuka ndi woyambira mtima ili woyera olimba. Pali magawo anayi osiyanasiyana:

• pakati pa grooves mu convolutions ya;
• m'madera lakunja la hemispheres ya;
• m'gulu la kapisozi mkati;
• ili mu corpus callosum.

Ili ndi chinthu choyera popangidwa ndi ulusi mitsempha ndi zikugwirizana ndi convolutions makungwa a ku magulu m'munsi. mtima Subcortical kupanga subcortical ubongo.

Telencephalon - potsogolera ntchito zonse zofunika za thupi, komanso maluso aluntha.

diencephalon

mbali ya ubongo ndi ntchito zawo (tebulo anapereka pamwamba) monga diencephalon. Tikayang'ana mwatsatanetsatane, m'pofunika kunena kuti idzafotokoza ventral ndi dorsal. Ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha ventral limabweretsa dorsal wa - thalamus, metathalamus ndi epithalamus.

Thalamus mkhalapakati wathu, amene zochita zikuchitika analandira mu Chigawo. nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "hillocks masomphenya." Imathandiza thupi atengere mwamsanga kusintha malo awo. Thalamus chikugwirizana ndi cerebellum kudzera dongosolo limbic.

The ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha akutsogolera ntchito autonomic. Mphamvu ndi mwa dongosolo mantha, ndipo, ndithudi, zopangitsa endocrine. Nthawi ntchito ya zopangitsa za endocrine, asaaonerera kagayidwe. The pituitary England ili mwachindunji pansi pake. Ndi nthawi thupi kutentha, mtima ndi machitidwe m'mimba. Komanso ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha potsogolera chakudya ndi kumwa athu khalidwe zonse tikhale maso ndi tulo.

kumbuyo

The hindbrain zikuphatikizapo vorgelagerten mlatho ndi cerebellum, Ndizapambuyo. Mwa kuphunzira kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo, tione kapangidwe ka mlatho: ndi dorsal padziko cerebellum aphimbidwa, ventral anapereka dongosolo fibrous. ulusi akuuzidwa mu mtanda uwu dipatimenti. Mbali mlatho iwo kupita pakati cerebellar mwendo. Padziko mlatho akufanana ndi unakhuthala wodzigudubuza woyera ili pamwamba medulla oblongata. Mizu ya mitsempha mu bulbar-kunja panjira mzere.

Kapangidwe ka chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo: pa gawo kutsogolo Tingaone kuti membala kutsogolo anapambulwa (zikuluzikulu ventral) ndi zapambuyo (dorsal zing'onozing'ono) gawo. Pakati pawo, kumalire ndi trapezoid thupi, ulusi wandiweyani amene yopingasa ankaona kuti njira Makutu. Conduction ntchito zikudalira kumbuyo kwa ubongo.

The cerebellum (ubongo pang'ono)

Table "ubongo, kapangidwe, ntchito" akusonyeza kuti cerebellum ndi udindo kwa mugwirizano ndi thupi kayendedwe. Dipatimenti imeneyi ili kumbuyo mlatho. Cerebellum zambiri amatchedwa "ubongo waung'ono". Iwo akuchita zapambuyo cranial fossa, diamondi woboola pakati chimakwirira. cerebellum akulemera kuchokera 130 mpaka 160, pamwamba ndi hemispheres oziziritsa, omwe analekana ndi kagawo yopingasa. The mmunsi mwa cerebellum ndi pafupi ndi medulla oblongata.

Pali hemispheres awiri osiyana, m'munsi, pamwamba chapamwamba ndi mphutsi. The malire pakati pa iwo amatchedwa kusiyana yopingasa zakuya. A kuchuluka slits makolokoto pamwamba cerebellum woonda gyrus (odzigudubuza) oyenerera therebetween. Pakati pa grooves magulu kunjenjemera anapatukana mu magawo, akuimira chiwerengero cha cerebellum (kumbuyo, Klotchkov-nodular, patsogolo).

Cerebellum uli ndi vuto imvi ndi woyera. Gray anatengedwa pa periphery wa, ndipamene kutumphuka ndi manyuroni maselo ndi peyala woboola pakati, ndi wosanjikiza granular. Pansi kutumphuka pali zinthu zoyera zimene likulowerera gyrus. Mu nkhani woyera pali akagwidwa ndi zikanga wa imvi (pakati pake penipeni). M'nkhani ya pa ubwenzi woterewu ndi ofanana mtengo. Amene akudziwa kapangidwe ka ubongo wa munthu, m'madipatimenti ake ntchito, yankho zosavuta, kuti cerebellum - kugwirizana tilamulire thupi lathu kayendedwe.

midbrain

The midbrain ili mu gawo zapambuyo mlatho ndi kupita matupi papillary, komanso thirakiti chamawonedwe. Pali Amowabu kudzikundikira mtima, ndipo amatchedwa colliculus. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo (Table) akusonyeza kuti dipatimenti imeneyi ndi udindo masomphenya covert, orienting reflex, amapereka lathu bongo zikuchitika zithunzi ndi Makutu, komanso amathandiza kamvekedwe ka minofu ya m'thupi la munthu.

Medulla: gawo tsinde

Medulla - ndi kutambasuka achilengedwe a chingwe msana. N'chifukwa chake kapangidwe ali ndi zambiri zofanana. Makamaka zimaonekeratu ngati tikambirana nkhani woyera mwatsatanetsatane. Zikuimira mitsempha yake lalifupi ndi lalitali ulusi. Mu mawonekedwe pano mtima kanthu imvi. mbali ya ubongo ndi ntchito zawo (tebulo pamwambali) limasonyeza kuti medulla oblongata amalowerera olimba, kuyenda, nthawi kagayidwe, kumabweretsa kupuma ndi kufalitsidwa. Ndi udindo bongo zofunika kwambiri m'thupi mwathu, monga sneezing ndi kutsokomola, kusanza.

Tsinde ubongo lagawidwa maziko ndi midbrain. thunthu amatchedwa sing'anga yaitali, mlatho ndi midbrain. Kapangidwe ka izo - akutsika ndi kukwera njira kulumikiza mbiya ndi chingwe msana ndi ubongo. Mu gawo ili wotiyang'anira chifukwa kugunda kwa mtima, kupuma, kulankhula kulankhula.