Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya maselo ofiira a magazi m'magazi. Kodi maselo ofiira

Ochuluka kuposa maselo a mwazi ali erythrocytes. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito maselo a magazi ndi ofunika kwambiri kuli kwambiri m'thupi la munthu.

Pa kapangidwe ka maselo ofiira

Maselo amenewa ndi kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe penapake zachilendo. maonekedwe awo kuposa chilichonse ngati biconcave mandala. Only chifukwa cha kusanduka yaitali ngati dongosolo amatha kupeza maselo ofiira. Kapangidwe nchito nthawi yomweyo yogwirizana. chakuti mawonekedwe biconcave ali ndi maphunziro angapo. Choyamba timatha maselo ofiira ndi kunyamula zochuluka kuposa hemoglobin, lomwe ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya kulowa m'tsogolo maselo zimakhala. Ubwino wina chachikulu ndi kuthekera mawonekedwe biconcave maselo a magazi kudutsa ngakhale ziwiya yopapatiza. Chifukwa, izo kwambiri amachepetsa kuthekera thrombosis.

Pa Ntchito yaikulu ya maselo ofiira

maselo ofiira angathe kunyamula mpweya. gasi Izi Madongosolo aliyense. Komabe, ankalowa mu maselo kukhala pafupifupi mosadodometsedwa. The mpweya okwanira wa chamoyo si chinthu chophweka kwambiri. Kuchita izi, inu muyenera kukhala wapadera transporter mapuloteni. Monga yaima hemoglobin. Kapangidwe erythrocytes ndi chotero kuti pamwamba pake omwe mwina kunyamula kuchokera 270 mpaka 400 Mill. Mamolekyulu.

Oxygenation chimachitika capillaries ndi ili mu minofu selo. Kodi mpweya kuwombola amapezeka. Pankhaniyi, maselo kupereka carbon dioxide, umene uli thupi yambiri Sikuti.

The capillary zopezera mapapo ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Choncho kayendedwe ka magazi kudzera ali liwiro osachepera. Izi ndi zofunika kuti athe mpweya kuwombola, chifukwa mukatero ambiri a maselo ofiira alibe nthawi kupereka mpweya woipa ndi oxygenate.

About hemoglobin

Popanda mankhwala ntchito yaikulu ya maselo ofiira a magazi m'thupi sakadaifika anazindikira. The chakuti ndi hemoglobin ndi chonyamulira waukulu wa oxygen. gasi Izi akhoza kulowa maselo komanso ndi otaya plasma, komabe zochepa kwambiri madzimadzi.

Kapangidwe ka hemoglobin m'malo zovuta. Pamafunikanso kugwirizana ziwiri nthawi imodzi - heme ndi globin. Kapangidwe ka heme lili chitsulo. M'pofunika kumangako bwino oxygen. Ndipo ndi zitsulo ichi ndi amapereka magazi mtundu khalidwe wofiira.

mbali zina za maselo ofiira

Panopa, amadziwika kuti maselo amenewa imagwiridwa osati mpweya kayendedwe. More kwa erythrocytes kwambiri udindo. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito zimagwirizana kwambiri. chakuti maselo amenewa biconcave magazi kupereka mayendedwe a amino zidulo m'madera onse a thupi. zinthu zimenezi ndi nyumba zingatipunthwitse mapangidwe zina za zedi kuti zifunika kulikonse. Pambuyo mapangidwe ake mu okwanira kuchuluka angathe Cholinga chachikulu cha erythrocytes anthu akhoza mpata 100%

Kuwonjezera kayendedwe, maselo ofiira a m'magazi nawo komanso kuteteza thupi. chakuti mamolekyulu wapadera ili pamwamba - chitetezo. Iwo amatha kumumanga poizoni ndi kuwononga zinthu zachilendo. Apa ntchito maselo a magazi ndi maselo oyera ofanana kwambiri, chifukwa maselo oyera ndi chinthu chachikulu chitetezo ya thupi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mwa zina, maselo ofiira zimakhudzidwa ntchito enzymatic wa chamoyo. chakuti iwo amapitiriza okha zokwanira ambiri zinthu biologically yogwira.

Kodi maselo ofiira, kuwonjezera pa izi? Kumene, n'kugwa. The chakuti mmodzi wa maselo ofiira secrete zinthu magazi clotting. Zikatero, ngati iwo anali atasiya kugwiritsa Mbali imeneyi, ngakhale kuwonongeka kwambiri kuwala khungu kuti alanda kwambiri m'thupi la munthu.

Tsopano amadziwika, ndi za ntchito ina ya maselo ofiira a magazi m'magazi. Ndi za kukhala kuchotsa madzi owonjezera pamodzi ndi nthunzi ya. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, madzi laperekedwa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi m'mapapo. Chifukwa, thupi kuchotsa madzimadzi muyeso, amene amalola kukhala magazi pa mlingo zonse.

Chifukwa ductility ake maselo ofiira amatha zonse magazi kukhuthala. Chakuti zotengera yaing'ono ayenera anakhalabe pa mlingo poyerekeza zikuluzikulu. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa maselo ofiira a magazi ndi mwayi angapo kusintha mawonekedwe ake a ndimeyi awo kudzera m'magazi amakhala wosavuta ndipo mwamsanga.

Mgwirizano ntchito maselo magazi

Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito ya erythrocytes, leukocytes, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana kwakukulukulu alipo. Zimenezi zimathandiza munthu ntchito amafunika ntchito zonse anatumizidwa magazi. Choncho Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya erythrocytes, leukocytes alipo mu khamu chitetezo kwa onse achilendo. Mwachibadwa, udindo waukulu wa maselo oyera mu magazi, chifukwa iwo ali ndi udindo mapangidwe chitetezo chokwanira khola. Koma maselo ofiira, amachita onyamula chitetezo. Mbali imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri komanso.

Ngati ife kulankhula za ntchito anzake a maselo ofiira a magazi ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana, apa iye akupita, ndithudi, a clotting. Kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi mbale momasuka zimafala m'magazi mu kuchuluka 150 * 10 ⁹ 400 * 10 ^9. Mu nkhani ya kuwonongeka kwa magazi chotengera deta khoma selo zimatumizidwa malo kuvulazidwa. Chifukwa cha iwo, pali chilema kutsekedwa ndi magazi asiye kutuluka. Pankhaniyi, kwa clotting magazi m'pofunika kukhala mu zonse zinthu-zinthu. Mmodzi wa iwo opangidwa chimodzimodzi maselo ofiira. Popanda mapangidwe ndondomeko clotting chabe Sikuyaka.

Kuphwanya erythrocyte ntchito

Nthawi zambiri, iwo wapatsidwa maselo magazi kuchuluka kwa deta ndi kwambiri yafupika. Zikatero, ngati chiwerengero n'chochepa kuposa 3.5 x 10 ¹² / L, amaona matenda. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa amuna. Pankhaniyi, kwambiri kwambiri kuti kukhazikitsa ntchito maselo a magazi ndi mlingo wokwanira wa hemoglobin. mapuloteni uyu ayenera kukhala magazi mu kuchuluka kwa kuchokera 130 mpaka 160 g / L amuna ndi 120 mpaka 150 g / L kwa akazi. Ngati pali kuchepa chizindikiro ichi, ndiye chikhalidwe ichi akutchedwa magazi m'thupi. kuopsa kwake ndi kuti zimakhala ndi ziwalo amalandira osakwanira oxygen. Ngati tikulankhula za kuchepa pang'ono (kwa 90-100 g / l), zilibe zikuphatikizapo mavuto aakulu. Zikatero, pamene zimakwana yafupika kwambiri, ntchito yaikulu ya maselo ofiira akhoza kwambiri zowawa. Katundu zina waika pa mtima pamene akuyesa zoperewerazo ena kusowa mpweya wabwino zimakhala ndi wowonjezera pafupipafupi contractions ake ndipo mwamsanga zikuwachitikira magazi kudzera ziwiya.

Pamene hemoglobin ndi adatchithisira?

Choyamba ndi chifukwa chakuchepa chitsulo anthu. chikhalidwe ichi kumachitika pamene osakwanira madyedwe a chinthu ichi ndi chakudya, komanso pa mimba, pamene magazi a mayi wake anatenga zipatso. Makamaka khalidwe la chikhalidwe ichi kwa amayi amene ali ndi yopuma pakati pa mimba anali pasanathe zaka 2.

Nthawi zambiri, mlingo hemoglobin ndi otsika pambuyo magazi. Choncho mlingo wake kuchira kudzadalira chikhalidwe cha zakudya anthu, komanso phwando pokonzekera chitsulo.

Kodi kuchita kusintha ntchitoyo erythrocytes?

Pambuyo zinaonekeratu zimene ntchito maselo a magazi, nthawi yomweyo zikutipatsa mafunso okhudza mmene kusintha ntchito zawo kuti kupereka thupi ndi zochuluka kuposa hemoglobin. Tsopano amadziwika njira zoposera imodzi kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi.

Sankhani malo abwino kumasuka

Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ulendo wa ku m'mapiri. Sizachilendo masiku ochepa maselo sidzakhalaponso. Zotsatira zabwinobwino zabwino ayenera kukhala pano osachepera ochepa masabata, koma miyezi. Inapita patsogolo chitukuko maselo a magazi pa msinkhu ndi chifukwa chakuti pali mpweya ndi wochepa thupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri mpweya izo zochepa. Pakuti chakudya zonse mpweya izi zikhalidwe za kuchepekedwa mofulumira latsopano maselo ake ofiira anapanga. Ngati inu kubwerera ku dera bwino, ndi mlingo wa maselo ofiira patapita kanthawi adzakhala yemweyo.

Piritsi kuthandiza maselo ofiira

Pali mankhwala ndi njira kuonjezera chiwerengero maselo a magazi. Iwo zochokera ntchito yokonzekera munali erythropoietin. Nkhanizi amalimbikitsa kukula ndi chitukuko maselo a magazi. Chifukwa, iwo amapangidwa zedi zikuluzikulu. Dziwani kuti chinthu choterocho othamanga ntchito ndi osafunika, mwinamwake iwo ulichat doping.

Za magazi ndi zakudya

Ngati pamene mlingo hemoglobin kugwa m'munsimu 70 g / L, kumakhaladi vuto lalikulu. Kusintha zinthu kuikidwa maselo ofiira okhaokha. The ndondomeko pakokha kwambiri zothandiza kwa chamoyo, chifukwa ngakhale ndi kusankha olondola a gulu magazi AB0 ndi RH chinthu, komabe kukhala zinthu zakunja ndi chifukwa Poyankha ena.

Nthawi zambiri, otsika hemoglobin milingo chifukwa mowa wochepa nyama. chakuti okha nyama mapuloteni mukhoza aironi wokwanira. Izi mchitidwe mapuloteni masamba m'mimba zikuipiraipirabe.