Milungu ya Aiguputo, kuchokera anaiwalika pa phunzirolo

Nthawi zakale za Aiguputo zinayamba kumayambiriro kwa lachitatu ndi lachinayi zaka pamaso pa kubadwa kwa Khristu. An zakale chikhalidwe, kulandira chikoka anagonjetsedwa ndi mikangano mkati, analipo kale kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity mu m'zaka za zana lachinayi AD. Kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu ndi theka zikwi, ndi mndandanda wa zinthu milungu ya Aiguputo anakumana kusintha kwakukulu. milungu ya Aiguputo makhalidwe ndi mayina enieni kwa anansi - Asuri, Ahiti, Hyksos, Agiriki.

Pambuyo kugwirizana kwa Egypt mu ulamuliro wa mfumu imodzi milungu yambiri zigawo munthu ndi mafuko dziko adalowa gulu wamba, koma ambiri a iwo analambira yekha m'malo kumene kunali chiyambi cha chikhulupiriro chawo. Ena milungu Kenako anabalalikira mtengo obscheegipetskoe. Wamkazi Bastet, ali ndi mutu mphaka, mosakayikira, wakula ku mwambo wa kulambira amphaka monga amasunga nkhokwe yambewu mbewa. Agriculture ku Igupto unachita yaikulu mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, Greece kuti anauka makamaka chifukwa cha malonda ndi kunkhondo. milungu Anthropomorphic Iguputo nthawi zambiri okutidwa ndi mutu nyama tsiku limene anauka kulemekeza mpatuko a. Mwachitsanzo, mulungu Thoth anali mbalame mutu, mulungu wamkazi Sekhmet (Sekhmet) - mutu wa mkango, Anubis - mutu galu.

Atangomva duwa kapena dera lina la dziko, panali kusintha achepetse kapena "yosamutsa" likulu kuti malo atsopano, kusintha ndi milungu ya Aiguputo "oyamba gawo." Chinthu chochititsa chidwi ndi chipembedzo ku Iguputo anali pamaso pa ambiri nthano Cosmological (ie Mabaibulo za chiyambi cha dziko), ndipo m'dera lililonse udindo waukulu mu nkhani imeneyi anapatutsa kwa mulungu m'deralo.

milungu ya Aiguputo manambala lalikulu, kukhala maziko a separatism m'dera mosakayikira sanafune m'dziko limodzi. Komanso, ambiri mipatuko amafuna amacheza wambirimbiri chuma zikutanthauza kuti mwayi bwino akanatha anakhala pa zovekera mkati mwa dziko, asilikali ndi zina zotero. Ndipo chuma chachikulu ndi mphamvu ya mabanja a ansembe amagwira kuopsezedwa ndi mphamvu yekha wa Farao.

Zonse ankaona, Farao Amenhotep IV la, anatenga dzina Akhenaten, anayambitsanso mwambo wamng'ono dera mulungu Aton (a anapangidwa chimbale dzuwa) monga chipembedzo obscheegipetskoy. Koma inertia miyambo anali amphamvu kwambiri, ndi Akhenaten anamwalira, ndipo asanafike zaka makumi anayi. Malinga ndi Baibulo kuposa maumboni, iye pomudyetsanso poizoni. Komabe, kuzunza banja si kukhudzidwa ndi mkazi wake (wotchuka Nefertiti) anapulumuka ndi ambiri zaka pambuyo pa imfa ya mwamuna wake.

Pambuyo Perisiya, Agiriki ndipo kenako utakhala dziko la milungu ya Aiguputo ndi yaikazi pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutaya kukopa kwake, ikuchepa. Iwo coalesce ndi milungu adani. Mwachitsanzo, dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky ankalambira Egypt ngati mwana wa Zeu Amoni, ndi m'derali amalambira motsatira miyambo Aigupto-Agiriki milungu.

Pamene milungu ya Aiguputo, amene maina awo onse m'deralo ndi chiyambi wosanganiza, kunayamba kupereka njira kwa chipembedzo chatsopano - Christianity pang'onopang'ono anayamba ndi chisokonezeko kulemba ku Iguputo. Mu ulamuliro wa Mfumu Constantine anafa wokamba lotsiriza la mwambo Aigupto achipembedzo, ndiye zaka zambiri mayina a milungu ku Egypt ankazidziwa koma zolembedwa za Greek ndi mbiri yakale achiroma. Koma iwo ndi ena anakumana ndi chitukuko cha Igupto pa nthawi imene kale ukucheperachepera ndipo kunalibe odzipereka ansembe akunja (zambiri aukali) mu zinsinsi za chipembedzo chawo.

Kuyesa kumvetsa hieroglyphics akale mobwerezabwereza Akatswiri a Aluya, ndi ku Ulaya, koma sizinathandize. Izo zinali kokha m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, waluntha zilankhulo Fransua Shampolon anatha kupeza chinsinsi chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti malemba Iguputo. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe inayamba Masiku ano kuphunzira mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha Iguputo.