Madzi oyera nkhono: mmene koopsa ndi?

Ochepa kuyembekezera tsenga ku cochlea lapansi. Ambiri ntchito pofuna kuchiza pang'ono pansi nyama ovuta. ndi amene iwo, nkhono zimenezi? Ndipo ngati madzi oyera nkhono atha kukhala oopsa?

dzina

Nkhono - nthumwi ya nyama. Adzaupereka kwa mtundu mollusk, kalasi Gastropoda kapena gastropods. dzina Gastropoda Latin aumbike ku mawu awiri Greek, ndi zoyerekeza phindu lomwe - ndi "mimba" ndi "mapazi". A dzina Russian wa chinyama ichi - "nkhono" - ndi Chisilavo mizu. Ndi consonant ndi adjective ndi "dzenje." Iwo likukhalira kuti dzina lirilonse anasonyeza imodzi mwa mbali ya mollusk lapansi. Latin lolunjika pa njira ya kayendedwe, ndi Chirasha wafotokozedwa dzenje nyumba, umene uli kumbuyo kwa nyama.

A dongosolo lililonse

Nkhono - lililonse gastropod, ali chipolopolo akunja ndi thupi. Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti thupi imodzi amachita ntchito kuyenda ndi pamimba. Pamwamba ndi crease wapadera wotchedwa chovala. Lopanda pakati pa chovala ndi M'mimbamo thupi amatchedwa chofunda. Mkati ndi kupopa polowera wakupambana m'madzi, mpweya ndi kubwereketsa kupopa kochotsa zinyalala madzi. Monga momwe mukuonera, inakwaniritsidwa nkhono anthu amene amakhala mu madzi. Ngati nyama pamtunda, chovala M'mimbamo ndi wosazindikira m'mapapo, m'malo makutu.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za mitundu ya

Mu chikhalidwe, gastropods ndithu kwambiri. Asayansi analemba oposa 110 zikwi. Species. Onse m'magulu 3 chachikulu:

• mitundu m'madzi;
• mitundu madzi oyera;
• dziko nkhono.

Ndipotu, kulekana zikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwa gill ndi mitundu m'mapapo mwanga. Koma tidzayesetsa kuti tione mtundu umodzi wokha. Ndi madzi oyera nkhono.

Madzi oyera nkhono: Ngozi

The wakupha kowopsya padziko lapansi palibe ogwirira lalikulu, ang'onoang'ono ndi nkhono zabwinobwino. Ngakhale onse angatchedwe vuto lililonse nyama imene chifukwa cha imfa za 10,000 chaka chilichonse? Si kusinjirira. Mukufuna, chimene oopsa madzi oyera nkhono? Kodi nyama kuti alibe mano akuthwa ndi zikhadabu yaitali, mumuphe? Ndifotokoze.

Tsiku lililonse mu madzi zikuchoka yaikulu zinyalala, kuphatikizapo nyama ndi zonyansa. The madzi misa matope kuchulukitsa tizilombo zosiyanasiyana. Thupi madzi oyera nkhono kuthetsa tizilombo tosaoneka ndi mtundu Schistosoma, lomwe kuti kupatsira anthu.

Madzi oyera nkhono wakupha amayambitsa matenda oopsa, wotchedwa likodzo. A nambala yaikulu majeremusi ndi umalowa mu khungu ndi kuyamba kubereka awo. Malinga ndi gulu lonse, likodzo - wachiwiri (pambuyo malungo) otentha kuwanda matenda mu dziko. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, koma Africa likodzo odwala anthu oposa 207, koma anthu amene akanatha kupempha thandizo yekha. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 25% ya anthu anakhudzidwa kufa.

Kodi inu kachilomboko

Madzi oyera nkhono kupha anthu, matenda madzi schistosome mphutsi. Ndi matupi awo mphutsi ndi gawo loyamba la chitukuko. Schistosome moyo mkombero m'malo zovuta. Anthu kusamba, kusamba, madzi amatunga zoipa, ndipo nthawi zina zingawalimbikitse kuyenda. Mu nkhono madzi akupezeka thupi zimene anakakhala sporocysts amene akupanga flukes. Iwo anabwera kuchokera ku nkhono thupi ndi kusuntha momasuka madzi, ozama khungu anthu mu m'magazi. Kwa ziwiya lalikulu ndi capillaries flukes amasamukira mu mtsempha zipata kapena chikhodzodzo.

Pa Kusamuka kwa majeremusi kupanga kamodzinso kusintha, iwo kukhala wamkulu nyongolotsi za amuna ndi akazi. The zikuchokera wapadera dongosolo schistosome mapuloteni zimawachititsa kovuta kapenanso wosaoneka dongosolo anthu m'thupi. Izi zimathandiza kawetedwe majeremusi manambala zosaneneka. An ayankhe m'thupi kumachitika pokhapokha anthu mwamuna ndi mkazi n'kudzagona ndipo anaika mazira. Patapita matumbo chikhodzodzo mazira ndi kubwerera ku chilengedwe. Mazira madzi kumbuyo mu thupi la mollusks. Ndiyeno madzi oyera nkhono kupha kachiwiri, kupitiriza vuto la schistosomes.

Tsikariya wa malowedwe mu khungu ndi chitukuko cha anthu okhwima amatha kubereka, zimatenga 65 masiku. Yaikazi lalikulu kuposa mwamuna. Iwo akhoza kukula kuchokera 7 mpaka 20 mm. Schistosomes moyo kwa zaka 3 mpaka 30, akutulutsa kuti mabiliyoni nthawi ya mazira.

Madzi oyera nkhono, n'kofunika mu mkombero moyo wa schistosomes, wamba m'madzi Africa, ku Middle East ndi Far, America South ndi Philippines.

Kodi inu mukudziwa kuti panali matenda

Zizindikiro ya likodzo ndi oopsa chifukwa sali mwamsanga, ndipo pamene thupi amasonkhana kuchuluka yaikulu mazira a majeremusi. Poyamba, pambuyo kuyendera malo oopsa, m'pofunika kulabadira redness ndi kuyabwa wa khungu asanakumane ndi madzi abwino.

Patapita miyezi 1-2 pambuyo infestation koyamba kuoneka zizindikiro. Iwo anafotokoza mu thupi boma, kuzizira, chifuwa, ndi minofu soreness. Koma ambiri mwa zizindikiro chachikulu kachilombo ali sadamve. Amazindikira kuti adwala, koma pamene osauka likodzo aakulu. Zizindikiro za matenda awa:

• kupweteka m'mimba;
• ascites, mwachitsanzo, kutupa;
• wamagazi m'mimba;
• ululu pamene akukodza, magazi mu mkodzo;
• kufupika kwa mpweya;
• kutsokomola;
• palpitations, kupweteka m'chifuwa;
• tsankho kapena wathunthu ziwalo;
• mavuto a m'maganizo.

Bwinobwino mayesero, chithandizo

Ngati atabwerera ku tchuthi kapena kukagwira ntchito m'mayiko ponseponse likodzo munthu umayamba kuona matenda achilendo, m'pofunika kukaonana ndi parasitologist kapena matenda opatsirana. Makamaka ngati pa anayendera zokopa anthu wamba mu kukhudzana ndi madzi a mitsinje kapena nyanja. Mu dziwe, pamene mwachizolowezi madzi oyera nkhono osati kusambira. Ndi zokwanira kukhala pa gombe, mapazi madzi pansi, kapena kalekale kuchepetsa mkono wake m'madzi pa Kuyenda ulendo.

Zizindikiro ya likodzo ofanana ndi matenda ena opatsirana, choncho m'pofunika pochitika ena ndowe ndi mkodzo. MAGAZI (PCR) anaulula vuto yekha mu magawo patsogolo matenda, popeza yankho m'thupi sadzafika nthawi yomweyo.

Zikavuta, mungafunike ndi colonoscopy, cystoscopy kapena biopsy. Ultrasound, X-ray, Kujambula ndi mayesero ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa mlingo wa kuipitsidwa.

Monga mankhwala Amasankhidwa phwando "praziquantel". mlingo ndi kuchita masamu potengera kulemera kwa wodwalayo, nthawi ya phwando anatsimikiza ndi dokotala. Kuti tizikonda zotsatira akhoza pamodzi ndi yokonza "Artesunate".

Pambuyo mankhwala, wodwala ayenera mkumano kuyesedwa kwa ndowe ndi mkodzo, kuonetsetsa kuti majeremusi aphedwa.

Madzi oyera nkhono. chilombo Helena

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhono madzi amoyo mu madzi lotseguka, ndi m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera madzi oyera. mtundu - Nkhono Helena. Izi kukongola oopsa amakhala ku Southeast Asia. Iwo ali maonekedwe owala ndi wokongola ndipo amatha kudya gastropods ang'onoang'ono.

Sink Helena chokongoletsedwa ndi zosiyana mikwingwirima wakuda ndipo Amber. The mutu elongated Nsomba monga Zikuluzikulu. Helena thupi akuda, ndi yokutidwa ndi zikwi madontho akuda. Nature wapereka yoopsa chilombo wapadera chitetezo mbale. Pangozi, ndi nkhono atseka khomo la lakuya wangwiro "pakhomo".

Nkhono Helena zambiri anali ngati madzi oyera Aquarium nkhono. Amathandiza kuchepetsa algae, tadpoles, mollusks ndi nkhono zina.

nyanga nkhono

mollusks madzi oyera akudziwika banja Neritina. Iwo alipo ambiri M'madera a zitunda kum'mwera. Anapeza madzi a Japan, Thailand, ndi Philippines, China ndi Indonesia. Nkhono wakonda mitsinje miyala kapena mchenga pansi.

Nkhono ali ndi chitetezo zachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe a zophuka lakuthwa. Nyanga kuwopseza kutali zolusa, kuyesera kuti akathyole nkhono.

Mtundu zipolopolo tichipeza magulu mtundu awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo chikasu, ndi ena - wakuda. Small okhala yowala zambiri amapezeka eni m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera madzi oyera. Iwo aisadza algae owonjezera kuchokera chikuni choyandama, zokongoletsa ndi magalasi. Nyanga nkhono bwino ndi anthu ena a Aquarium, ndi kupatulapo mwina yekha nkhono Helena.

nkhono ampulyarii

Madzi oyera ampulyarii ku America South ndi Asia madamu. Izi wokongola Mipikisano wachikuda ngale ndi anayi lakuthwa masharubu Lolamulira. The mtundu chiwembu ampulyarii n'zosadabwitsa osiyanasiyana. Ndi banja lonse la mollusks limene pali osachepera 120 mitundu, omwe ali mtundu yake. mollusc thupi kungakhale kwa 7 masentimita m'litali. Pakati pa peculiarities wa mtundu komanso pamaso pa makutu ndi mapapo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mitundu amakhala ku madzi osaya. Ampulyarii ndi ndondomeko yapadera motsatizana kuti kupuma mpweya mumlengalenga, ngakhale mu madzi.

Ampulyarii ngati madzi ofunda (mpaka 28 ° C) ndi kwambiri osati fastidious zakudya. Iwo woyenera kukulumbutsuk ndi masamba, ndi chakudya nsomba ndi tating'ono ting'ono nsomba. Ngati madzi mu thanki ndi ozizira, ndiye ampulyarii pogona tulo ndi kutseka chivindikiro chipolopolo.

Aquarists wokonda banja zomwe iwo kukhala ukhondo mu mbale. Ampulyarii Sankhani anakakhala pansi pa particles chakudya ndi algae akufa.

Melania nkhono

mtundu wa gastropods rasprastranen mu Africa ndipo ali ndi malo yaikulu kwambiri. Mu chikhalidwe, wakonda matupi ang'onoang'ono madzi ndi wosakwiya loyenda. Koma Melanie amakonda miyala pansi, wakonda silty mchenga kapena pilo. Maziko a zakudya nkhono - m'munsi theka lawola zotsalira za algae ndi organic. Sink Melania elongated mawonekedwe ndi nsonga lakuthwa. Din mtundu zimasiyanasiyana wakuda kuwala bulauni.

Pafupifupi aliyense mwatsopano madzi nkhono chithunzi chimene mudzapeza, adzayang'ana wokongola ndi wokongola. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngale izi ndi ngozi yaikulu. Ngati Aquarium mwini akufuna imeneyi Pet, anazolowera kuti nsomba zina, ayenera kumvetsa kuti m'pofunika kukhwimitsa chitetezo.

Kaya inu amakodwa nkhono okha kapena anawagula sitolo Pet, molluscs yense kusungidwa kwaokha. Madzi oyera nkhono zimayikidwa mu thanki kanthu (popanda algae ndi anthu ena), namgwira pafupifupi 4 masabata mu njira ofooka permanganate potaziyamu. Ndiye nyama ndi osambitsidwa ndi madzi oyera, ndipo patapita njirayi amaloledwa mu Aquarium ambiri. Ngakhale, kumbukirani, madzi oyera nkhono ndi oopsa kwa munthu kuti akakole madzi achilengedwe si zofunika Pet. Chifukwa poyera nokha kuopsa kutenga likodzo?