Mitundu ndi mitundu ya anthu apamwamba pazandale. Udindo pakati pa anthu

M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana za mitundu yandale yazandale yomwe ilipo komanso momwe iwo amachitira nawo mbali. Tidzafotokozeranso mbali zosiyanasiyana za anthu olemekezeka omwe atchulidwa. Timaphunzira zizindikiro ndi ntchito zawo. Ndipo tidzatsimikiza kuti ndondomekoyi ndi iti: "mitundu yandale yandale", "mapangidwe apamwamba".

Mitundu

Mitundu ya anthu apamwamba a ndale imagawanika kukhala zinthu zambiri. Kotero, malingana ndi njira yosankhira, ikhoza kutanthauziridwa ngati lotseguka kapena yotsekedwa. Ndipo ngati mukulimbana ndi malo mu ndale, mungathe kugawaniza kukhala oweruza ndi otsutsa.

Akuluakulu a ndale akhoza kukhala ogwirizana kapena ogawanika, malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha mkati mwawo, ndi otsika kapena apamwamba, ponena za kuimira.

Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri a mitundu / mitundu ya anthu apamwamba pazandale.

Mwa njira yosankhira

Akuluakulu a ndale akhoza kutseguka kapena kutsekedwa. Choyamba chikudziwika ndi chakuti ngati mukufuna kulowa mndandandawo asanafunse maumboni ochepa omwe ali ndi cholinga chopeza munthu yemwe ali ndi makhalidwe ake enieni.

Njira ya ntchito yake ndi chisankho, chomwe chimatanthauza nkhondo yapikisano. Chidziwitso cha mtundu woterewu ndi chakuti chimaperekedwa kwambiri. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, oimira zipangizo zosiyana akhoza kulowa mmenemo. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro atsopano nthawi zambiri amapita kumalo osankhidwa. Kuyambira pano, pali kupitiriza kochepa mu chitukuko cha ndondomeko.

Akuluakulu a ndale, opangidwa ndi gulu lachiungwe (kutsekedwa) amadziwika kuti wokhayo angalowemo mwa kukwaniritsa zofunikira zambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, kudzipereka kwathu kwa utsogoleri ndi kufunitsitsa kuchita malamulo popanda kukayika ndi kofunika kwambiri. Kusankhidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosankha.

Kuchokera ku mabungwe oposa aja anganene kuti olemekezeka oterewa amapereka chiwerengero chochuluka cha kupitiriza pakukonzekera kwa ndondomeko, chiwerengero chochepa cha mikangano ya mkati, komanso kuthandizira kuyanjana kwa zisankho. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, anthu osokonezeka amabwera kuno ndi ang'onoang'ono (kuphatikizapo, saloledwa kugwira ntchito bwino). Izi zimabweretsa mfundo yakuti anthu osungulumwa otchedwa kostenet, otayika komanso otsika. Mlingo wa kusindikizidwa mu nkhaniyi ndi wochepa.

Regularities

Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti ntchito ndi mitundu ya osankhidwa a ndale imagwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, zotsatirazi zikhoza kutchulidwa.

Pali awiriawiri: otsekedwa ndi ogwirizana; Tsegulani ndi kutsegulidwa. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti chikhalidwe chimodzicho chimagwirizanitsa nthawi zonse, ngakhale mu gululi pali nthawi zonse zodziwika bwino.

Komanso, munthu sanganene motsimikizika kuti ena apamwamba ali otseguka kapena otsekedwa, chifukwa palibe malire omveka mu tanthawuzo ili.

Chikhalidwe cha maubwenzi apakati

Pankhaniyi, pakhoza kukhala mitundu yambiri yazandale: ogwirizana komanso osagwirizana. Pachiyambi choyamba, ndizophatikizana komanso zimakhala ndi mgwirizano waukulu. M'magulu oterewa, mpikisano wamagulu amkati umasungidwa pamunsi, ndipo kusagwirizana sikusandulika. Ndipo pamene mgwirizano pa maziko a lingaliro lina, pali kusagwirizana kwa onse omwe amatsatira kutsutsana.

Ogwira ntchito kwambiri ndi olemekezeka, omwe agwirizana mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano. Pachifukwa ichi, iwo amapanga mgwirizano pa mfundo zofunika, zolinga ndi njira za ndondomeko zomwe zidzachitike.

Chidziwitso cha osamphana omwe sanagwirizanitsidwe ndikutsika kwakukulu. Izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi kulimbika kwakukulu pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana omwe akufuna kukhala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, kuyang'anira malo ndikuyang'anira kufalitsa kwa zinthu zomwe akuyang'anira. Chifukwa cha mpikisano waukulu, ntchito zambiri zimatsutsidwa njira zolimbana (kuphatikizapo kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa otsutsana).

Ikani mu dongosolo la ndale

Poyambirira izo zinadziwika kuti pa nkhani yotsimikizira malo mu ndale, akuluakulu olamulira ndi apamwamba-apamwamba amadziwika. Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo anthu omwe sagwira ntchito molunjika kapena mwachindunji kuchitapo kanthu mu kayendetsedwe ka gulu. Otsutsana nawo amatchedwa anthu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe omwe ali olemekezeka, koma chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana kapena malo awo okhala nawo alibe mphamvu zodziletsa.

Pansi pa osiyana-siyana akhoza kumvetsetsa, mwachitsanzo, kutsutsa kwa ndale, chifukwa akufuna kufooketsa mphamvu ya olemekezeka ndi kutenga gawo kapena mphamvu zake zonse. M'lingaliro lonse, izi zikhoza kumveka ngati gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Chinthu chodziwikiratu pa nkhaniyi ndi chakuti sichifuna kukhala mbali ya anthu olamulira, koma ali ndi cholinga chochotsera mphamvu, kuti apange dongosolo latsopano m'tsogolomu. Izi zimachitidwa kudzera m'masinthidwe a anthu.

Chiwerengero cha kuimira

Izi ndizofunikira kwa anthu. Ndipotu, ngati olemekezeka ali ndi chiwerengero chokwanira, akhoza kufotokoza zofuna za zigawo zambiri za anthu. Kotero, izo zidzakhala zocheperachepera. Ngati chiwerengero chazithunzi chili chochepa, ndiye kuti zofuna za zigawo zing'onozing'ono zidzayimiridwa.

Chikhalidwe ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumvetsetsa njira zosinthira zomwe anthu apamwamba azale lonse akuchitika. Zizindikiro zomwe zinayambitsa zochitika zamakono zingapezeke m'mbuyomu. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zikuchitika pachitsanzo cha Russia wamakono.

Mu maola oyambirira, anthu olemekezeka ndi apamwamba adakhazikitsidwa panthawi yomwe panalibe ufulu wa demokalase mmalo mwa anthu. Mwalamulo, ilo linali ndi akuluakulu ndipo linapangidwa molingana ndi mfundo ya kalasi. Choncho, ndibwino kuti muyimire zofuna zapamwamba (ndipo izi zinali zotseguka ndi zovomerezeka). Kuyambira mu 1917, "malo a olemekezeka" akuyamba kugwira ntchito ya "proletarian" bureaucracy. Iyo inakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi lamulo lachidziwitso losavomerezeka. Mwalamulo adakhazikitsidwa kuti bureaucracy ikuimira zofuna za anthu onse.

Mitundu ina

Mitundu ya anthu apamwamba omwe amalingaliridwa kale amavomerezedwa mwapadera. Koma pali njira zina zomwe zimapereka njira zawo zogawa. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pazosintha zina za mitundu yandale yomwe ingakhale yotchuka:

1. Zachikhalidwe ndi zamakono.
2. Wamwamba, wachiwiri ndi utsogoleri.

Achilendo achikhalidwe ndi amakono

Kugawanika pa nkhaniyi kumapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi njira zowvomerezedwa ndi anthu apamwamba. Kotero, kwa olemekezeka achikhalidwe, kudalira pazinthu zina ndizo:

• Miyambo;
• Kukhala ndi nthaka;
• Mpikisanowo;
• Chidziwitso cha chiyambi;
• Makhalidwe achipembedzo, ndi zina zotero.

Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo olemekezeka, olemekezeka kudziko, olemba zachipembedzo, ndi ena.

Akuluakulu amasiku ano amapeza mphamvu zawo chifukwa cha makhalidwe omwe akufala masiku ano:

• Ndalama;
• Zochita zapamwamba;
• Maphunziro, ndi zina zotero.

Kwa amitundu atsopano ndizotheka kunyamula bizinesi, atsogoleri andale, oimira masayansi ndi zamisiri. Koma izi sizimagwira ntchito kwa aliyense, koma kwa iwo omwe angathe kukopa zisankho ndi kutenga malo ena ovomerezeka.

Wapamwamba, pakati ndi oyang'anira akuluakulu

Kugawanika pa nkhaniyi kumapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu zomwe analandira, koma palibe zifukwa zomveka bwino izi. Akuluakulu apamwamba amalingalira anthu omwe angakhudze chofunikira kwambiri pa zosankha za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, atsogoleri a boma, oyang'anira mipando, akuluakulu a boma - onse omwe ali ndi udindo wapamwamba mu nthambi iliyonse ya mphamvu. Zowonjezera, gululi nthawi zambiri limakhala pakati pa anthu 100 mpaka 200.

Akuluakulu apakati ali ndi akuluakulu ambiri omwe amalandira udindo wawo pa chisankho. Zimaphatikizapo mamembala a State Duma (ngati tiganizira zenizeni za Russian Federation), abwanamkubwa, atsogoleri a maphwando osiyanasiyana ndi mabungwe ena, atsogoleri a mizinda ndi zina zotero. M'dzikoli, pali kusiyana kwakukulu, chotero, monga mgwirizanowu, ndi kuti oimira ake amasankhidwa mu chisankho.

Akuluakulu amaudindo amamvetsetsa ndi malo apamwamba a bureaucracy, omwe ali ndi udindo wapamwamba m'makomiti, mautumiki ndi mabungwe ena a boma. Chidziwitso chawo ndi chakuti amaikidwa.

Kutsiliza

Monga mukuonera, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya olemekezeka. Mgwirizano wa kachitidwe kawo udzasiyana malinga ndi zomwe tidzasankha monga chiyambi. Ngati pali chilakolako cholowa mwa anthu olemekezeka, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti izi si nkhani ya tsiku limodzi. Kwa ichi, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi ulamuliro, chidziwitso ndi kugwirizana.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuzindikira kuti ufulu waukulu umagwirizana ndi ntchito zawo. Zomwe mukupanga, muyenera kulipira. Choncho, m'pofunika kukhala osamala m'zilakolako zanu ndikupewa kuchita zinthu zomwe zotsatira zake sizingatheke.