Kusungidwa kwazitsulo - ndondomeko yamakono ndi ndondomeko yake. Kusungidwa kwazitsulo kunyumba

Pokhapokha, carburizing wazitsulo ndi njira yokhazikika pochiza mankhwala. Chokhazikikacho chimaphatikizapo kuchulukitsa kufalikira kwa pamwamba pa nkhaniyi ndi kuchuluka kokwanira kwa mpweya pamene mukuwotcha mu sing'anga.

Kusungidwa kwazitsulo. Cholinga cha ichi

Ntchito yayikuluyi yothandizirayi ndi kupindulitsa makina opangira makina ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi mpweya wofunikira wa carbon, zomwe zilipo pazomwe zingakhale 0.8-1.1%. Chifukwa cha opaleshoni yotereyi, atatha kuuma, amatha kupweteka kwambiri, pomwe pulasitiki yake ikusungidwa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtundu uwu.

Zosiyanasiyana

Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mapangidwe apamwamba, ndi mwambo kusiyanitsa magulu atatu akulu a zinthu zothandizidwa:

• Ndichimake chosakhazikika. Gululi limaphatikizapo masentimita otere a carbon , 10, 15, 20. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsatanetsatane ndi miyeso yaing'ono ndi ntchito zochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, pansi pa mpweya wotsekemera, panthawi yotsekemera, austenite imasandulika chisakanizo cha ferrite-pearlite.
• Ndi zovuta zowumitsa zofooka. Gululi likuphatikizapo ma chrome otchedwa low-alloy steels monga 15X, 20X. Pano, doping yowonjezera mothandizidwa ndi zina zazing'ono za anadiumdium zimapangitsa kuti mbeu yapamwamba ipangidwe, zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa ductility ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe a zinthuzo.
• Ndi zolimba zolimba. Magulu a gululi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo zomwe zili ndi gawo lalikulu kapena zovuta zowonongeka, komanso zimakhudzidwa ndi katundu wambiri kapena zovuta kwambiri. Amayambitsa nickel (12Х2Н4А, 12ХНЗА, 20ХН). Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nkhaniyi, nthawi zina amalowetsedwa ndi manganese, pogwiritsa ntchito anadium kapena titaniyamu kuti awononge tirigu.

Kawirikawiri, carburizing yazitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ntchito yolimba ya workpiece, komanso kuti apindule kwambiri ndi kukwera kwa zovala, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa njirayi.

Kodi tsatanetsatane wa opaleshoniyi ndi iti?

Chitsulo chosungidwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zotsatirazi:

- magulu;

- "zala";

- shafts;

- nkhwangwa;

- kulemba;

- "nyongolotsi";

- Kuika ziwalo (mphete zazikulu ndi odzigudubuza), ndi zina zotero.

Njira za carburizing

Ngati pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa, ndiye kuti aliyense wa iwo adzigwiritsa ntchito njira yakeyo. Monga lamulo, chitsulo chosamalidwa chingapangidwe pansi pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi malo ozungulira, komanso pa kutentha koyenera kwa 850 mpaka 950 madigiri Celsius. Chifukwa chake, njira zingapo zazomwezi zikugawanika:

1. Ntchito ya carburizing ikupezeka mumtunda wolimba. Pankhaniyi, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakuthupi (mafupa a nyama, matabwa, etc.) ndi coke (kuphatikizapo) ophatikizapo owonetsa. Kulemera kwa kaboni kudzachitika panthawi yomwe mankhwala akuchitidwa ndi okosijeni. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa otsegula pa nkhaniyi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino komanso mofulumira. Njirayi ndi yothandiza makamaka pokwaniritsa zakuya za carburizing. Ndizothandiza kupanga mapangidwe a zitsulo. Komabe, njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, imaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa khama, nthawi ndi mphamvu.

2. Kukhalitsa khungu kumachitika motsogoleredwa ndi mpweya. Mwa njira iyi, ndi mwambo kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi opindulitsa (zachirengedwe, zazikulu, ndi zina zotero) kapena gulu la mpweya wa inert (nayitrogeni). Zonse zimadalira payekha. Kuonjezerapo, zitsulo zogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya zimapangidwa ndi peresenti ya aliphatic mali hydrocarbons, propane kapena alkanes. Kawirikawiri njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukitsa, koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Njira yofananamo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga kutenthetsa. Pachifukwa ichi, zowonjezera za mankhwala akuluakulu a maselo (mwachitsanzo, turpentine, ethyl mowa, etc.) zimayikidwa muzitsulo zotentha zowonjezera, zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka mothandizidwa ndi nickel.

3. Njira yokhala ndi madzi carburizing. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa cyanide ndi cyanide osambira. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi makhalidwe, ubwino ndi zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, maginito a cyanide samatchulidwa ngati opanda vuto. Iwo amadziwika kuti ndi othandizira oopsa osati kwa chilengedwe, komanso kwa anthu. Choncho, pakugwira ntchito ndi zinthu zoterezi, nkofunika kuyesetsa kutsatira zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chonse kuti mupewe zotsatira zoipa. Koma njira yomwe imachokera ku kusamba kwa cyanide siidakonzedwe chifukwa imayambitsa kuipitsa kosokonekera kwa chilengedwe ndipo imawononga kwambiri. Njirazi, ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimangopeza zochepa za carburizing.

Kutentha kutentha kwa mankhwala ogulitsidwa

Njirayi ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukonza mbali. Pambuyo pake, ngakhale pambuyo pa carburizing, mankhwalawo alibe chiwerengero chokwanira chotsalira ndi kudalirika. Choncho, sitepe yotsirizayi ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yovuta. Ntchito yovuta imadziwika ndi zinthu zambiri komanso katundu. Njira yonse yosungira katundu imakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa tirigu, ndipo kubwereranso kudutsa gawoli sikuli kofanana ndipo kumakhala kosayenera. Kotero, mu ntchito magawo angapo ozimitsa amadziwika, omwe amapezeka mwazidzidzidzi.

Kutsiliza

Tikawerenga zomwe tafotokozazi, tikhoza kunena kuti bungwe la ndondomekoyi popanga zitsulo ndilofunikira kwambiri. Izi zidzalimbikitsa kwambiri gawo loyandikana ndi gawolo. Pokhala ndi luso lina m'dera lino komanso kupezeka kwa zipangizo ndi zipangizo zofunikira, kumangiriza zitsulo kunyumba kungatheke.