Mitundu ya antiseptics, njira ya ntchito

Mpaka m'ma XIX, ambiri ntchito popanga opaleshoni inatha mu imfa wodwalayo ndodo mankhwala a matenda opatsirana. Mwamwayi, monga kupambana mankhwala ndi monga antiseptic, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu ofa septicopyemia yochepa. opaleshoni masiku ano amagwiritsa osiyanasiyana antiseptics, zomwe ife kufotokoza m'nkhani ino.

Kodi antiseptic ndi chiyani izo?

Za ubale ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tizilombo purulent mabala anaganiza madokotala zambiri wakale mosalingalira ntchito popanga zachilengedwe ndi katundu odana ndi yotupa. Komabe, kwenikweni amenyane matenda opaleshoni anayamba mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX, pamene English dokotala John. Lister lofalitsidwa nkhani yomwe iye anafotokoza njira zake lotseguka wovulala mankhwala ndi 5% karboliki asidi njira. Kuyambira pamenepo, nyengo yatsopano mu opareshoni, pamene kukula kwa mankhwala pali mitundu yatsopano ya antiseptics.

Antiseptic mawu ano ya miyeso ndi mpheto, cholinga cha zomwe ndi kuwononga tizilombo ndi spores awo ndi poizoni mu zimakhala ndi zazikulu-zamoyo. Pamodzi ndi opaleshoni imeneyi n'kofunika kwambiri, mawu akuti "aseptic", kutanthauza ya miyeso kuteteza chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu mabala. njira aseptic mulinso ndi njira yolera yotseketsa wa zida opaleshoni ndi Chalk. Komanso atulukira magulu ochititsa dzanzi ndi magazi, kutsegula opaleshoni ku mitundu XIX atumwi a aseptic ndi antiseptic kukhala mmodzi wa kupita patsogolo zofunika mankhwala a nthawi. Popeza kuti madokotala nthawi kuti kwambiri ankaona mchitidwe akadali yowopsa (pafupifupi 100% ethyl amapha) ntchito pa thorax ndi pamimba.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya antiseptics mankhwala amakono

Asepsis, ndithudi, ndi chofunika kwambiri opaleshoni ndipo nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti ena amene Koma zochitika zasonyeza kuti kukana kwathunthu kwa mpheto aseptic zosatheka. Mitundu ya antiseptics mankhwala akhoza kugawidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha njira ndi njira ntchito. Mbali yoyamba, chiwerengero cha mitundu ya antiseptics monga:

• Mawotchi antiseptic.
• Thupi.
• Mankhwala.
• Tizilombo.
• Osokonezeka.

Malinga ndi njira ntchito mankhwala ndi mitundu kwachilengedwenso antiseptics anawagawa:

• Timitu mu mawonekedwe a mankhwala mbali iliyonse ya thupi. antiseptics apakhungu akhoza weniweni komanso chozama. Pamwamba adzatenge mabala chimbudzi ndi zotupa (kutsuka njira, mankhwala ufa, mafuta, compresses) ndiponso antiseptic - ndi utsogoleli wa mankhwala ozunguza bongo kwachilengedwenso antiinfective jekeseni.
• Total, kuonetsanso machulukitsidwe kulowetsedwa thupi kudzera m'magazi ndi lymph antiseptic kukonzekera (mtsempha kulowetsedwa).

mawotchi antiseptic

Mawotchi antiseptic anachita ntchito zida opaleshoni ndipo zikuphatikizapo:

• Chimbudzi anavulala minofu malo: kuyeretsa mabala a magazi kuundana ndi kukhalapo kwa mafinya.
• Preprocessing: ngati n'koyenera, kudula m'mphepete ndi pansi pa chilonda, kuchotsa matupi ena ndi minofu nonviable zigawo, opaleshoni sutures.
• processing Secondary imagwiridwa pamene kutukusira matenda ndi kuvulala kumaphatikizapo mobwerezabwereza ang'ambe thupilo chilonda ngalande za purulent katulutsidwe kuchotsa, Ulimbo ndi minofu akufa.

thupi antiseptic

antiseptic thupi zikuphatikizapo miyeso zovuta kupewa kukula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chakudya kutengedwa mtima zimakhala awo kwambiri. Thupi antiseptics mitundu mabala zikuphatikizapo wothandizila zotsatirazi:

• Absorbent Mavalidwe amakoka kunja katulutsidwe chilonda abwino kukula tating'onoting'ono. Gulu la antiseptics monga: thonje nsalu, Pochotsa.
• njira Hypertonic ntchito limodzi ndi kuvala munthu.
• Kukhetsa njira ntchito pa maziko a kulankhulana ziwiya, njira tichipeza mu kutsuka bala madzimadzi.
• Luso zikutanthauza mu mawonekedwe a ultrasound, ultraviolet, X-ray, laser ndi oxygenation. Zonse mwa njira zimenezi kungasokoneze pa chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi dzuwa mkulu.

Chemical antiseptic

Ndi mankhwala antiseptic monga miyeso kuwononga majeremusi mu bala ndi thupi wodwalayo mothandizidwa ndi wothandizila mankhwala, lomwe ndi:

• Disinfectants ntchito akuchitira aseptic zida opaleshoni, yazokonza pansi pamalo, makoma, etc ..
• mchere; kutetezera mankhwala ntchito ofunsira apakhungu, ndipo zikuphatikiza yosiyanasiyana antiseptics khungu mu mawonekedwe a soda, njira mchere, zidulo, oxidizers, etc .. D. Ubwino wa njira imeneyi ndi yotakata sipekitiramu antibacterial ntchito, kukana otsika tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa mankhwala ndi kuthekera yosungirako yaitali komanso kusowa mbali zosiyanasiyana kwambiri.
• mankhwala mankhwala amphamvu kuigwiritsa ntchito pa achire kapena zodzitetezera n'kupereka mchere; kutetezera kupanga. Ndi zotsatira suppressive pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osati mu zimakhala akhudzidwa wodwalayo, koma lonse thupi lake. Makamaka okhudzidwa milandu kutupa kufalitsa kupitirira malo matenda. Morning mankhwala zili zofunika mu mankhwala, osati chifukwa cha sipekitiramu awo yotakata kanthu (T. E. Luso kupondereza zosiyanasiyana mabakiteriya), koma cholinga chawo yopapatiza.

kwachilengedwenso antiseptic

Tizilombo antiseptic zikuphatikizapo njira anachokera ku zinthu zimene angathe kuchita onse mwachindunji tizilombo ndi zina. The antiseptics kwachilengedwenso monga:

• Maantibayotiki akuchokera kwachilengedwenso opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya ena, bowa. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala angathe kupereka chopinga kukula bakiteriya, ndipo amathandiza kuti chiwonongeko chotheratu cha tizilombo ting'onoting'ono.
• Toxoids ena wothandizila opatsirana kutumikiridwa anthu wathanzi kukhala asanazolowere bakiteriya a.
• Bacteriophage - HIV (watchulidwa okudya mabakiteriya), ndi bakiteriya likhoza kuwononga mkati.
• immunostimulants Nonspecific (interferon, interleukins).

obwerawa antiseptic

Tikaphatikiza ntchito njira antiseptic ndi zipangizo za mitundu yonse antiseptics mu akaphatikiza lapansi. Ntchito ngati njira ophatikizana:

• Mankwala antiseptics.
• Kupanga analogues wa n'lakuti tizilombo.
• Synthetically opangidwa zipangizo organic.

Mitundu ya antiseptics nkhuni ndi zipangizo zina zomanga

mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana zingachititse kuwola ndi kuwonongeka ndondomeko, osati anthu ndi nyama, komanso zida zomangira, monga matabwa. Kuteteza zinthu nkhuni mkati ndi kunja kuwonongeka ndi tizilombo bowa banja, ntchito yomanga osiyanasiyana mchere; kutetezera nkhuni. Iwo akhoza kukhala:

• antiseptics Mankwala omwe anapatsidwa m'munsi mchere ndi salt chitsulo, mogwira kuwononga tizilombo tonse pa nkhani ya nkhuni. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo njira ya fluoride sodium, silicofluoride ammonium ndi sodium wochuluka silicofluoride ndi ammonium.
• Organic antiseptics - ndi poizoni zambiri mafuta zochokera (creosote, carbonization, anthracene mafuta, shale, etc.).
• Tikaphatikiza antiseptics zigwirizana zinthu ziwiri kapena zambiri poizoni. Zitsanzo: hlorodon, trichlorfon, phenol, karbolenium.