Kuvala. Zotanuka bandeji. wosabala gauze Pochotsa

Mavalidwe - chida cha thandizo. Mbiri ya chiyambi chake agona ku kalekale kwambiri. Mozungulira 460-377. BC. e. (Panthawi ya Hippocrates), kuti kutsimikiza kukonza kuvala, pulasitala zomatira ntchito, osiyanasiyana utomoni ndi lona. Mu zaka 130-200. BC. e. dokotala Roma Galen analenga kalozera wapadera. M'bukuli, iye anafotokoza njira zosiyanasiyana za nsalu alipo.

Mbiri ya chitukuko

Ntchito Mavalidwe walandira zinthu zimenezi chifukwa lamulo loyamba la Senate Roma. Iwo anati kuti msilikali aliyense atenge ayenera kuperekedwa Mzere wa nsalu, chimene iye akanakhoza, ngati n'koyenera amapereka thandizo loyamba kwa nokha kapena Abwenzi anu. Zikuoneka kuti superimposition zinthu zosiyanasiyana kwa zinkakhala m'dera la thupi ntchito nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe. Chifukwa chaichi, angagwiritsidwe ntchito masamba ndi udzu, chifukwa iwo makhalidwe monga kusinthasintha, softness, elasticity ndi smoothness ya chivundikirocho. Ena mwa zomera ndi machiritso katundu ndi ngakhale pharmacological zotsatira Mwachitsanzo, ndi astringent ndi analgesic zotsatira.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti zomera zina ntchito mankhwala kutsatira nsalu masiku ano. Pakati pawo: anyezi anaphika, plantain, ndi ena ambiri. Pachimake cha Mavalidwe ake chitukuko anafikira mu nthawi ya ulimi capitalist. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1476 kuti 1492 walandira lonse olengeza cohesive bandeji mu Europe. Mu XVIII atumwi ndi theka 1 m'ma XIX, zofunika kwambiri kunapatsidwa kwa zochita za njira ndi absorbent. Yonama ya kuvala ndi zinachitikadi pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ndi capillarity mkulu. Mwachitsanzo, hemp, nsalu ndi hemp, komanso lint (rastereblennaya pa thonje thonje chiguduli). Popeza theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito m'malo gauze, thonje absorbent ndi lignin.

General gulu

Si kale mitundu mavalidwe zinali zochepa mfundo ochepa:

• Plasters mu coils, komanso ngati microbicides mu mawonekedwe a mbale.
• Medical nsalu.
• Ziyangoyango mankhwala zolinga.
• Gauze zachipatala.

Poyerekeza ndi zaka zam'mbuyo osiyanasiyana yamakono ya Mavalidwe wakhala watanthauzo kwambiri. Izi kwambiri woyanjidwa chitukuko cha kupanga zikuluzikulu mankhwala mu dziko lathu, komanso kwambiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala achilendo pa msika zoweta.

Gawo ndi cholinga

Conventionally, mavalidwe lonse akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: wosabala ndipo sanali wosabala, yosavuta zovuta. Komabe, cholinga chawo chachikulu ndi chosiyana khalidwe - cholinga cha ntchito. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, mukhoza kusankha nambala yotsatira ntchito anachita ndi nsalu:

• Kutseka pamwamba ndiwobvulazidwa. Chifukwa chaichi, zopukutira m'manja zimapezeka, bactericidal pulasitala, namkulunga Mavalidwe, ndi zambiri.
• Psinjika wa malekezero kapena mafupa chikukonzekera.
• Pakuti kukonza kuvala.
• Psinjika ❖ kuyanika.

Kuvomerezedwa chofunika kwa mtundu uliwonse wa kuvala kwa kutseka mabala - wosabala.

mankhwala Features

Kupanga kuvala watsala ndi kanthawi kochepa pa siteji latsopano chiyamiko chitukuko kwa zikamera cha umisiri wamakono. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo akhala analandira elastomeric, perforated ndi nonwoven dongosolo nsalu, ozikidwa pa ntchito Nyimbo polima ndi zokutira zachitsulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono mankhwala amatilola kuthetsa angapo ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Kukwaniritsa mkulu index wa ntchito antimicrobial.
• Yaitali ya unali woyenerera.
• Mkulu mayamwidwe mphamvu pamodzi breathability wabwino, akadakwanitsira liwiro wetting ndi capillary kanthu.
• Atraumatic.
• Bata wa wothandizila antimicrobial pochiza zinthu cheza ndi nthunzi yolera yotseketsa.

Kodi kusankha: chikhalidwe kapena zamakono Mavalidwe ndi njira?

Ndipotu nkhani iyi losafuna chokha. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono mankhwala amalenga zabwino zambiri machiritso mofulumira mabala. Zimenezi, osamvera akudzitengera kwa kuwonekera pa ovulalawo pamwamba amamuyambitsa timabala. Chifukwa cha zawo zambiri lagona yaitali kutsekedwa kwa chilonda ndi Mavalidwe ochiritsira.

Koma nkhani mtengo, kusiyana mtengo pakati pa makono ndi nkhani yofanana ndi palpable ndithu. Kuti mfundo imeneyi nthawi zina anapatsidwa mokomera otsiriza. Komabe, pamene izo zifika ku thanzi la anthu, ndalama si nthawi zonse chinthu afuna kusankha. Komanso, ikusonyeza kumapeto, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zachipatala zambiri yosafuna poyerekeza ochiritsira. Anali chifukwa Mwachangu m'munsi ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali. mawu awa akhoza tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane ndi chitsanzo cha ntchito za nsalu thonje-gauze:

• Kapangidwe acheya chimakhala chifukwa cha chilonda kukhudzana particles zakuthupi. Amayambitsa minofu kuyabwa ndi kulepheretsa machiritso ake mofulumira.
• Gauze ndi chabwino mauna zakuthupi ndi kuchuluka massoemkostyu. zizindikiro zimenezi structural chifukwa kukula kwa tizilombo mu chilonda. Komanso, kukhala ndi kuchepetsa mpweya ndi nthunzi ya madzi permeability pansi bandeji lapansi. Izi zimaonekera makamaka pamene ntchito zigawo zingapo. Pamene ndondomeko iyi anachedwa bala epithelialization ndi granulation, ndipo Motero, nthawi yake machiritso amakhala nthawi yaitali.
• Guluu wolimba, kapena kuposa chabe kum'mamatira - wina opanda ntchito nsalu gauze. chakuti impregnated bala secretions, iwo anaumitsa pamene youma. namkulunga granulation kumachitika mwa kuvala, chifukwa mu kupweteka pamwamba latsopano ndi ululu pa kuchotsa. Pa nthawi yomweyo akuvutika ndi khungu ozungulira. Kumachititsanso kuwonongeka kwa ululu ndipo m'mbuyo wonse kuchira ndondomeko.
• Mabala ndi zopukutira m'manja zimapezeka zambiri zili ndi ndalama zochepa mu phukusi. Pa kutsegula ake nyongolosi yekha woyamba. Pamene ena za khalidwe atayika.
• Kuonjezera mayamwidwe ndi ufulu kukula gauze ziyenera kudula ndiyeno apangidwe mu zigawo zingapo. njirayi akuphwanya antimicrobial ndi chifukwa ena kusapeza la wodwalayo.
• Pofuna kukonza thonje-gauze bandeji pa bala, m'pofunika ntchito yolusa wothandiza. Zimenezi zimabweretsa owonjezera ndalama ndalama ndipo amafuna mwai zina.

Choncho, ntchito ochiritsira, zipangizo chikhalidwe amachititsa ndondomeko yaitali ya machiritso chilonda. A njira zabwino ndi zipangizo zamakono kuti ali wopanda zovuta zonse tafotokozazi. Kukweza Mavalidwe ndi atraumatic zokutira ndi absorbency mkulu. fixation awo chikuchitika basi mwa zomatira hypoallergenic.

Ubwino wa mankhwala amakono

• Nsalu ndi mandala kapena osakhala nsalu, filimu m'munsi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kuwunika patsogolo machiritso chilonda.
• Madzi zosagwira - kuphatikiza wina. Wodwalayo amatha kutenga mankhwala madzi popanda chiopsezo madzi kulowa chilonda.
• Odalirika fixation.
• Modern kuvala sichidalira pamwamba bala, ndi sizimapweteka ake.
• Kuchotsa chikuchitika popanda mavuto aakulu wodwalayo.
• Self-zomatira nsalu ya chikukonzekera pa awo ndi sikutanthauza ndalama zina.
• Pali sorbent si olanda swab kuti Limasonkhanitsa chilonda exudate.
• Superimposed kuvala amateteza bala kutenga matenda sekondale ndipo zikuchitika makina.
• Hypoallergenic zikuchokera.
• Mkulu mitengo ya mpweya ndi nthunzi ya madzi permeability kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa maceration.
• Modern kuvala wokonzeka ntchito ndi amafunika kuphunzitsidwa.
• Antibacterial.
• Atanyamula mosavuta anatsegula.

nsalu Medical

Gauze - chinsalu ichi ndi chosowa, kapangidwe maukonde. Pali mitundu iwiri: kwambiri ndi nsaluzi zinkangokhala hygroscopic. Izi nayenso agawanika zambiri mitundu iwiri yosiyana: thonje koyera ndi Kuwonjezera webs viscose chakudya (mu chiŵerengero cha 50% thonje 50% rayon ndi 70% thonje 30% rayon). Chachikulu kusiyana ndi motere: Kasakaniza zimatenga madzi masekondi 10, pamene gauze viscose ndi kusakanizikana kwa akuchita chinthu chomwecho kwa masekondi 60, kuti nthawi 6 pang'onopang'ono.

Ubwino wa viscose ndi mkulu madzi atagwira mphamvu, zawonjezera kuyamwa chilonda exudate, ndipo amadwala mayamwidwe magazi. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi thonje gauze viscose analogue poipa kumalimbikitsa mankhwala. Ndiponso pambuyo mobwerezabwereza washings yafupika suction mphamvu. Ndi mphamvu muyezo thonje kuvala 25% kuposa mlingo wa minofu ndi wodetsedwa viscose. Koma capillarity mu mitundu onse ali pafupifupi zofanana, izo ziri pakati 10-12 masentimita / hr. Malinga salowerera a zachipatala gauze amafuna yomweyo monga ubweya. Nsalu opangidwa ndi muyezo miyeso ukonde m'lifupi - 69-73 cm, kutalika 50 150 mamita mu gawo.

Chifukwa sanali muyezo ntchito ndi Mavalidwe mabala opangidwa zidutswa 3. mu paketi. aliyense kutalika ndi 10 mamita ndipo m'lifupi - 90 masentimita ngati ubweya gauze aone wettability (mayamwidwe mphamvu), chosalowerera ndale ndi capillarity..

Njira mayeso woyenerera wa minofu

• Pofuna kuyesa wettability, njira imbeddability. Pakuti ichi gauze nyemba kukula madzi-absorbent 5 × 5 cm ndi adatchithisira kuyenda pamwamba madzi. Mwa mfundo akuchipatala sayenera kulankhula ndi makoma chotengera kuti kuyenda pansi pa madzi mu madzi masekondi 10. Swatch cheesecloth muyenera kuchita izo masekondi 60.
• Kuyesa kuvala pa capillarity, ndi Mzere 5 cm mulifupu nsalu adatchithisira chakumapeto kwa wapadera petri mbale wodzazidwa ndi njira ya eosin. chitsanzo ankaona kuti mayeso ngati, mu mphindi 60, yankho anawuka kuchokera mlingo madzi a osachepera 10 cm.

Mitundu Special nsalu

Pali magulu awiri a gauze, omwe kulunjika ena a kanthu. Etokrovoostanavlivayuschaya ndi hemostatic.

• Mavalidwe Haemostatic zopezera processing ochiritsira oxides gauze asafe. Nsalu chifukwa si kusiya magazi, koma kuganizira bala kwa mwezi umodzi. Zimatengera mtundu wa zopukutira m'manja zimapezeka mu kukula 13x13 cm.
• Hemostatic nsalu. Iwo limapangidwa kashiamu mchere wa asidi akiliriki. Komanso kugwira magazi (avareji zosaposa 5 Mphindi), koma sikuti kuthetsa. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mawonekedwe a tampons, zopukutira m'manja zimapezeka ndi mipira. Ntchito mtundu amalenga 15% ndalama.

Gauze kumangirira manja ake

Choyamba, Musanayambe ntchito yomanga, muyenera kusankha kukula kwake m'tsogolo. Standard kuvala, amene chogulitsidwa pharmacies, ali ndi kutalika kwa zosaposa 15 masentimita ndi kutalika 5 cm. Ngati mankhwala cholinga mwana, ndiye kukula umadalira pa zaka za wodwalayo. Mwachitsanzo, ana zaka 6 Tiwatenga bandeji zamitundu 10 × 4 cm, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi Baibulo wamkulu wa achinyamata a. Pofuna kuti mankhwala awo pa nkhope yanu, muyenera:

• Kukula gawo 17 × 7 masentimita wa nsalu absorbent - 4 ma PC.
• A Mzere yopapatiza wa bandeji kuchuluka kwa ndalama 2. Kutalika ayenera kukhala pafupi 60-70 masentimita, m'lifupi 5 cm.

Pambuyo zinthu zonse zofunika za mankhwala tsogolo idzakonzedwa, mukhoza kuyamba kupanga nsalu gauze. Zotsatirazi ndi patsogolo.

• Tiyenera kutenga bandeji Mzere ndi falitsani mu zigawo 3.
• Ndiye kusoka pamodzi m'mbali mwa makina osokera kapena pamanja msoko zazing'ono.
• Bwerezani kanthu ndi bandeji chachiwiri.
• Kenako, workpiece M'pofunika nthawi kuika pambali ndi kuyamba pothena gauze. Anayi khumudwitsidwa ayenera olumikizidwa pamodzi ndi sheathe utali wonse.
• Ndiye, chifukwa m'mphepete mwa rectangle muyenera tuck mkati centimeter ndi scribbling kachiwiri.
• Tsopano, pamene mbali zonse zitatu munapanga, iwo ayenera pamodzi kuvala limodzi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, minofu pamodzi rectangle ayenera kusoka ndi zingwe ziwiri: chimodzi - kuchokera pamwamba, ndi zina pa mbali m'munsi. Choncho gauze bandeji wopangidwa ndi manja awo.

mankhwala Stretchable chikukonzekera

• Zotanuka bandeji ntchito fixation. Linapangidwa wa thonje imvi thonje. Mwa kutambasula ndi bandeji amafunika okhwima - ayenera kukhala osachepera 50%. Yopangidwa bandeji Milingo yabwino imathandiza mulimi Utali -. 3 m, m'lifupi - 10 cm 5 kapena zotanuka bandeji la gulu ali ndi mphamvu yapamwamba. Olimba khumudwitsidwa 5 cm kukamaomba katundu wa osachepera 30 kgf. The phukusi 18 ndi atakulungidwa mu osiyana mankhwala chizindikiro m'lifupi masentimita 10 kapena zidutswa 36 cm 5.
• Zotanuka bandeji (tubular) amachita ntchito yofanana monga mnzake ake osokedwa. Komabe, pamwamba woyamba extensibility kwa 800%. Mtundu wa bandeji amatanthauza "tepermat" gulu, amene amatanthauza "osokedwa nsalu zotanuka." Chopangidwa kuchokera ndi ulusi elastomeric amene kuluka × / thonje ulusi ndi ulusi kupanga. Chifukwa dongosolo la mauna a zotanuka fixation bandeji sikungalepheretse makope mpweya ndi kuyan'anila malo matenda. 7 akhoza kukhala ndi manambala malaya m'lifupi: 75, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20 ndi 10 mm. Kulemera kwa 1 sq. mamita ndi 280 ntchito nkhani tubular amapulumutsa lembani Mavalidwe ndi nthawi yapita. wosambitsa awo ikuchitika pa kutentha osati pa 40 ° C popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira kupanga. Pambuyo zachitika nadzatsuka mu madzi ofunda. Finyani chinyezi muyeso, ntchito matawulo. Kupotoza nsalu zosavomerezeka.

mankhwala ena

Gauze ndi khumudwitsidwa amakona anayi a apangidwe mu zigawo ziwiri minofu absorbent. Kudera la nkhani atakulungidwa mu mbali mkati, kotero kuti ulusi si anakumana ndi chilonda. Pali mankhwala amenewa zazikulu zitatu: yaing'ono - 14 × 16 cm, sing'anga - 33 × 45 cm, lalikulu - 70 × 68 cm.

Small mankhwala si wosabala ali odzaza ndi 100 ndi 200 mayunitsi. mu paketi imodzi. Zopukutira m'manja zimapezeka apangidwe wosabala gauze kwa ma PC 40. mankhwala Non-wosabala ali odzaza malinga ndi chiyerekezo mayunitsi 100. mu paketi. Wosabala - 10 zidutswa zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo. Unsterile Pochotsa lalikulu zili ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama 50. mu phukusi limodzi. mankhwala wosabala wa gulu - 5 ma PC. Nsalu iliyonse ali odzaza mu zikopa pepala. Pa wrapper kwenikweni zimasonyeza kukula, chiwerengero, dzina wopanga ndi tsiku kupanga.

processing

Yolera yotseketsa wa Mavalidwe zachipatala kunachititsa m'mafakitale apadera. Kenako, zasayansi bacteriological kokayezetsa kwa antibacterial. Kukonzekera kuvala ntchito zina ikuchitika kwa mphindi 45 mu kukatentha wapadera. Kutentha mkati kuli 120 ° C. Kenako, nkhonya mu Bix kuvala. mabokosi izi zitsulo angapitirize kukhala uli. Ngati Bikse fyuluta, chiyero cha zipangizo anakhalabe kwa nthawi yaitali. Pankhaniyi - masiku osachepera 8-10.

amafuna okhutira

Mavalidwe yosungirako angathe kuchitidwa mu matabwa mabokosi anayikidwa mu wouma bwinobwino podutsa mpweya dera, kutetezedwa ku makoswe ndi fumbi. mankhwala Non-wosabala akuloledwa ali mu chipinda unheated. Komabe, kutentha ayenera kukhala wosasunthika, osazengereza. Komanso ayenera kupewa chinyezi komanso mapangidwe nkhungu, nkhungu. Kwa gulu la ufulu zili wosabala nsalu katundu ayenera kuyala pa zaka zomalizira za ndondomeko. Chifukwa patapita zaka 5, ngati kukhulupirika kwa ma CD si wosweka, nkhani zifunike kusankha antibacterial. Ngati ma CD tidutse kapena wothira, mankhwala, zomwe zili mkati salinso koyera.