Modality - izo ... Modality: mitundu chizindikiritso

Mfundo imeneyi, nthawi zambiri amanena maganizo komanso kuti njira zina maganizo, kufotokoza zikuluzikulu khalidwe la zithunzi chidziwitso mlingo uliwonse kwambiri.

Malinga modalities panopa akhoza wachinsinsi monga zotengeka ndi chifaniziro, ndi maganizo.

Kutanthauzira mawu akuti pansi review,

Modality - ndi mtundu wa chikwaniritso cha kuwalimbikitsa mu dongosolo anthu chipangizo (Makutu, zithunzi, chogwirika). Tamasulira kuchokera ku Chilatini, mawu otanthauza "njira".

Tonga modality - izo ndi zokonda munthu kwa "zowawa za chakudya" limene anthu ali bwino kudziwa zimene zikuchitika.

Mosiyana okhudza malo, ndi wathupi makhalidwe intensivnostnyh zomverera ankaona makhalidwe kusonyeza katundu enieni zenizeni ozimbayitsidwa mawonekedwe awo enieni. Mwachitsanzo, timaganiza za kuwala amaona ngati kuwala, mafunde phokoso ndi pafupipafupi chimatengedwa ngati kamvekedwe a.

Modality mu kuwerenga maganizo - ndi dzina generic za njira yaikulu ndi kuzindikira, ndi processing zambiri mkati zipangizo ngalande.

mitundu ya modality

Zimenezi amadziwika kuti mantha dongosolo la munthu limodzi ndi munthu wapadera. Monga momwe zilili ndi otchedwa mudziwe chakudya kwa iye.

Zotsatirazi mitundu ya modalities:

1. Zithunzi - zithunzi (zithunzi, mtundu, zithunzi zithunzi ndi kuwala).
2. Makutu - Makutu (phokoso nyimbo, zithunzi ndi Makutu kamvekedwe).
3. Kinesthetic - chogwirika (kukhudza, minofu ndi khungu kumverera m'matumbo kumverera).
4. Kukamba - zamalankhulidwe, umboni, apawokha (mawu a maganizo, generalization wa zosiyana).

kuzindikira ichi ndi njira zina. Mbali wake - kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo si analandira kuchokera zomverera chachikulu. The zomveka view wa modality amachita ngati sekondale kachipangizo njira. Koma akamagwira njira zambiri yaikulu akhoza pokonza kotero kuti wotaya kulankhula nawo (zamalankhulidwe njira). Limangotsatira mudziwe maganizo ndondomeko mothandizidwa ndi chidziwitso chabe.

Malinga ndi Russian wasayansi IP Pavlova lomveka modality - ndi wachiwiri dongosolo chizindikiro. Izi njira kawirikawiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito asayansi kulankhulana, pofuna kuti yambitsa ophunzira.

Kulankhula Chofunika kwambiri ndi atatu oyamba tatchulawa njira. Pafupifupi aliyense wina njira nzeru zambiri alipo chimapambana pa ena.

Pankhani imeneyi pali ayenera kukumana kulandidwa kwenikweni, koma osati zambiri, koma mmodzi yekha ndiye kuti chofunika kutsogolera modality wa munthu.

Pakuti momveka kwambiri, zotsatira mu chitsanzo zoonekeratu, kuthetsa vuto munthu mmodzi adzakhala kuwerenga mayankho chotheka kupyolera zina zachidule pa pepala, ndi wina - polankhula mokweza, ndi wachitatu - kulumikiza zinthu pa dzanja.

Kinesthetic maganizo njira

Izi modality wa zotengeka, mwachitsanzo, thupi maganizo, amene amatchedwa "zomverera somatic." Izi nayenso anawagawa mkati (ululu, yosangalala ndi mavuto, kulingalira minofu, timafuna kuyenda ndi kaimidwe, ziwalo) ndi kunja (kutentha (ozizira ndi kutentha), kugwedera, kuthamanga).

Ngalande kinesthetic maganizo zapiringizana maganizo, amene amasonyeza mmene mkati ndi kulalatira kufotokoza njira yomweyo monga iwo ali. Mwachitsanzo, "mosavuta pa mtima."

Palinso modality osmicheskaya zomverera (olfactory - kukoma ndi fungo). Nthawi zambiri, amaonera njira ali pamodzi kinesthetic. Komabe, fungo ndi kukoma ndi machitidwe osiyana kwambiri nzeru, koma zonse munthu yemweyo nthawi yomweyo kupenda, kotero iwo m'magulumagulu. Chitsanzo ukhalebe akuti "chabwino kukoma", "wokoma fungo" etc ...

Odorless kwenikweni anataya zonse kukoma phale. Zochita chitsimikiziro cha ichi ndi chinthu wamba pamene munthu mkhutu olfactory (m'mphuno) amatenga chakudya, zomwe zikuoneka kuti zoipa ndi watsopano, ngakhale thupi udindo kulawa, ntchito bwinobwino.

The modality ziweruzo

Akanayesetsa kutero zili lolingana mudziwe zina ndi za chiweruzo zomveka kapena leni udindo wake, ndipo Ziwerengero, zolimbana, nthawi, etc .. Kaperekedwe.

The modality ziweruzo ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu chofunika kwambiri ndi ambiri, monga:

• alethic;
• epistemic;
• deontic;
• axiological.

Kwenikweni alethic modality

Iwo ankaimira chiweruzo, chimene chimaoneka ndi mawu akuti Posiyanitsa, monga kufunika - mwayi randomness - ndikosatheka zomveka kapena leni Determinism zambiri. Kukhala enieni, ndi modal imeneyi, mu chinenero chathu amaonedwa kukhala mwachindunji mawu akuti "ngozi" ndi "zotheka" ndi ofanana matanthauzo awo.

Mitundu alethic modality

Iwo amakhala ndi malamulo otsatirawa:

1. Mabvuto (chiweruzo ndi zonse kwa kuthekera kwa yatsoka pomwepo). Tsopano, chitsanzo pamwamba amatenga mawonekedwe zotsatirazi: Mu Russia, kusintha angathe kuchitidwa mu ulemu wa Mphamvu ndi zida. Ochangamuka (chiweruzo cha mfundo kwenikweni alipo). Mwachitsanzo: Mu Russia pa nthawi ino zilibe pochitika kusintha a magulu ankhondo okhala ndi zida. Monga mukuonera, palibe mawu a modality, koma tikaona mfundo zimene zikuchitika mwachindunji.
2. Apodictic (chiweruzo lokhudzana ndi kufunika kwa zochitika mwagwira). Chitsanzo: Russia ndikofunikira kugwira angapo kusintha asilikali.

Deontic maganizo modality

Agwiritsidwa yekha zochita za anthu, mfundo malamulo zimene zikuyenela khalidwe mwa anthu.

Deontic modality - chimaoneka ndi pempho chiweruzo, lamulo, malangizo kapena uphungu, chimatipangitsa zinthu zina. malamulo amenewa angakhale malamulo (kuphatikizapo lamulo). Mawu deontic modality kuzindikira ndi ntchito mawu akuti "analola", "zinafunika", "ngoletsedwa", etc.

Gulu la modality deontic, malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha malamulo alipo

Pa nkhani imeneyi, chiweruzo ndi:

1. Kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa ufulu. Iwo anafotokoza ndi mawu monga "Chabwino", "analola", "zoletsedwa" ndi ena.
2. Kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa ntchito. Mawu kupanga chiweruzo ndi: "ayenera", "chidzachitika" ndi ena.

Tanthauzo la modality epistemic

N'zimenenso mlingo choonadi cha kudziwa zinthu. Epistemic modality - chimaoneka ndi mfundo chiweruzo ndi zonse kwa zifukwa umwana wake ndi digiri ya unali woyenerera. Kuti ali m'kati kufotokoza mfundo m'kupita kwa kulankhulana anthu akuyenera kuchotsa kuzindikira za malo kukhazikitsidwa kapena kukana anasonyeza ntchito mfundo anayerekezera, malingaliro, umboni ndi zina zotero. D.

Pa kusankha kuvomereza mawu zimakhudzidwa ndi cholinga ndi m'maganizo, kunja ndi mkati zifukwa zambiri, chofunika kwambiri amene anazindikira mfundo (zigamulo zochokera maganizo, chikhulupiriro) ndipo owonjezera zomveka (mawu amene mwachidziwikire wolungamitsidwa ndi kusonyeza nzeru zawo). Chiwonetsero cha ichi kuzindikira modality kumachitika mwa mawu "provable" "kutsutsa", "anali", etc.

Zosiyanasiyana epistemic modality

Iwo ankaimira ziweruzo awiri:

1. Base waima chikhulupiriro. Chitsanzo: Ine ndikukhulupirira kuti zonse zikhala bwino.
2. maziko ake ndi chidziwitso. Chitsanzo: Malinga mboni, Ivanov sanali nawo ameneyu kuba.

axiological modality

Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu ku makhalidwe auzimu ndiponso akuthupi ndipo anasonyeza mwa mawu monga "bwino", "wabwino", etc. Chitsanzo cha modality amene akuchita chiweruzo .. Ndi bwino kuti mvula inayamba kugwa.

Zinenero kuchuluka kwa lingaliro ili

Modality m'chinenero (English) ndi khalidwe zenizeni zimene zikusonyeza Mwina kufunikira kuthekera.

Pali zisanu zofunika modal kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, anayi amene ndi mawonekedwe a nthawi yapita (pansipa kudzera yoyenera "/" chizindikiro).

Choncho, m'pofunika kuti atchule iwo:

• mungathe / akanakhoza;
• mulole / mwina;
• adzasala / tiyenera kuchita;
• adzatero / kuti;
• Ayenela / palibe.

Komabe, lingaliro ili chimaoneka osati mwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau modal, koma ntchito adverbs modal monga:

• Zikuoneka (zambiri);
• Ndithu, (ndithu);
• mwina (nkotheka), etc.