Momwe mungapangire masensa oyendera kuti mutembenuzire kuwala. Mapulani okonza

Magetsi oyendetsa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe amasiyana kwambiri. Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pakadali pali zithunzi zambiri zamakono awa. Pomalizira pake, amaika magawo awo ku sensa. Ndiponso, zitsanzozo zimasiyana mozindikira. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti amplifiers amaikidwa pa iwo ndi mphamvu zosiyana. Zimakhala zovuta kusonkhanitsa chithunzithunzi nokha, koma ngati mutasankha zinthu zonse ndikutsatira ndondomekoyi, mukhoza kuchita.

Chithunzi chowongolera

Pulogalamu yogwirizana ya chithunzicho imagwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito modulutsira photocell. Pachifukwa ichi, zojambulazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri za mtundu wa diode. Babu m'nkhaniyi iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi amplifier. Kuchuluka kwa kachilomboko kumadalira mtundu wa capacitor. Amplifiers nthawi zambiri amaikidwa mu mtundu wa pulsed. Komabe, kusintha kosinthika kungapezenso nthawi yathu. Kulondola kwa kufufuza zipangizo m'kupita kwa nthawi kumadalira zinthu zambiri. Choyamba, chimakhudza mtundu wa fyuluta, yomwe yapangidwa kuti ipewe phokoso. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, modulator imayikidwa mu masensa, omwe angasinthe pa magawo.

Chitsanzo ndi maginito a photocell

Kuti musonkhanitse mtundu uwu wa mawotchi oyendayenda kuti mutembenuzire kuwala ndi manja anu omwe (chithunzi chikuwonetsedwa pansipa), choyamba muyenera kusankha nyumba za chipangizocho. Pambuyo pake, nyali imayikidwa mwachindunji. Komanso ndikofunika kukonzekera cartridge. Mukhoza kulumikiza chinthu ichi pokhapokha mutatha. Pachifukwa ichi ndikofunikira kuti adziwe malo. Chipangizochi chingathe kukhazikitsidwa m'nyumba ndi zozizwitsa.

Pambuyo kulumikiza modulator, kudutsa kupyolera mu capacitor kumaikidwa. Mphamvu zake zowonjezera kutsekemera siziyenera kupitirira 4 pF. Kupanda kutero, chiwongolerocho chidzachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuti ugwirizanitse chipangizo ku intaneti, zofalitsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Onsewa, ayenera kukhala ndi olankhulana atatu. Mmodzi wa iwo wapangidwa kuti apangidwe. Potsirizira pake, kuikidwa kwa kuwala kupyolera mu zithunzithunzi zoyenda kungathe kuchitidwa kutali.

Kugwiritsira ntchito mafayilo a broadband

Kuwongolera mtundu uwu wa mawotchi oyendetsa kuyendetsa kuwala ndi manja awo ndi kosavuta. Choyamba, nyumba zogwiritsa ntchito nyali ziyenera kukonzedwa ngati zowonongeka. Pankhaniyi, malowa amaperekedwa mosiyana ndi izi. Bungwe siliyenera kugwira pamwamba pa nyumbayo molunjika. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakona. Kusiyana kwa nkhaniyi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ovomerezeka atatu. Pogwirizanitsa izi, kugwirizana kungapangidwe ku intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito amplifier.

Zosintha zowonongeka izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mtundu wa kudulidwa. Komabe, ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti mphamvu ya sensa idzakhala yotsika. Komanso, mungagwiritse ntchito kupinga transistors. Kufalikira kwa iwo kumatha kufika kufika ma microns 5. Mphamvu yomwe ili pa babu idzakhala ndendende 5 V.

Yang'anani kutsutsana kwa dipole

Kuti musonkhanitse mtundu uwu wa mawotchi oyendayenda kuti mutembenuzire kuwala ndi manja anu omwe, mungathe ngati mutenga chithunzi chapamwamba. Kuti awonjezere kukhudzidwa, akatswiri ambiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito maginito analogs. M'nthawi yathu ino amafunikira kwambiri. Amagetsi oterewa ali oyenera kusankha mtundu wa emitter. Pulogalamu yamtunduwu imakhala pa mlingo wa 44 Hz. Zonsezi zimalola kuti magetsi apange babu.

Komabe, pamkhalidwe umenewu, mtundu wa amplifier ayenera kuganiziridwa. Ngati imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mtundu wotetezera, ndi bwino kukhazikitsa ma capacitors pafupi ndi photocell kuphatikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu zawo siziposa 9 pF. Kawirikawiri, mtundu wa mawonekedwe oyendetsa mawonekedwe a kuunika kwa ogulitsa ndi owoneka bwino.

Kugwiritsa ntchito selective capacitors

Kuti musonkhanitse mtundu uwu wa mawotchi oyendayenda kuti mutembenuzire kuwalako ndi dzanja, ndikofunikira kusankha nyumba ya pulasitiki ya photocell. Pankhaniyi, nyali iyenera kugawidwa. Zojambulajambula za chitsanzo ichi ndizofunikira mtundu wofunikira. Ikani iwo mndandanda ndi amplifier. Pankhaniyi, mungasankhe mtundu wamtunduwu. Mwachindunji chidziwitso chiyenera kupezeka pamwamba pa chithunzichi.

Chitsanzocho chikugwirizanitsidwa kupyolera mu dissefu. Pachifukwa ichi, choyamba choyamba chiyenera kupita ku anode, ndipo chachiwiri - kuzipata. Kulondola kwa kufufuza chipangizo kumadalira pazimenezi pokhapokha pa mphamvu ya amplifier. Kuwonjezera apo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mafayilo a chithunzichi sagwiritsa ntchito maginito. Ngati tigwiritsira ntchito analog yofunikira, katundu pa optimization adzakhala wamkulu kwambiri. Kulephera kungathenso kupezeka mu transistor.

Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri

Kuti musonkhanitse mtundu uwu wa mawotchi oyendayenda kuti mutembenuzire kuwala ndi manja anu omwe, mutha ngati mungasankhe chithunzi chapamwamba kwambiri pasadakhale. Akatswiri ambiri pa nkhaniyi akulangizidwa kuti apange mafano a maginito. Kumvetsetsa kwawo kuli pamtunda wa microns 55. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti amplifier ayenera kukhazikitsidwa ndifupipafupi pa 30 Hz. Zonsezi ndi zofunika kuti muchotse katunduyo kuchokera kwa optimization. Pali zigawo ziwiri za chipangizochi. Mmodzi wa iwo ayenera kupezeka pa difuser. Zomwe zimayendera zimakhala zogwirizana ndi mphamvu ya amplifier. Babu loyambirira lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nkhaniyi.

Kusinthidwa ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa

Ndi mphamvu yochepetsedwa, mumapanga bwanji mawotchi oyendetsa kuwala? Poyankha funsoli, m'pofunika kudziwa kuti ndi bwino kusankha mafotelemu muzochitika zoterezi. Chidziwitso chodziwika ndi, pafupifupi, 20 μm. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti amplifiers ogwiritsidwa ntchito muzipangizozo ndi osiyana kwambiri. Muzochitika izi, nkofunikira kuti kukanika koyeso mu dera sikudutsa 11 ohms.

Apo ayi, otsutsawo adzatentha mwamsanga. Chipangizocho chingagwirizane kokha kupyolera mu kufalitsa. Monga lamulo, imayikidwa ndi zener diode. Chifukwa cha madontho ang'onoang'ono othamanga m'nyumbayi sizowopsa kwa chipangizochi. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ma capacitor ndi ofunika kusankha ndi mphamvu zamtunduwu.

Kusinthidwa ndi amplifier amplifier

Mawonetsedwe otchedwa motion sensors kuti asinthe kuwala (chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa) ndi chofunika kwambiri lerolino. Ngati mumakhulupirira ndemanga za anthu, ndiye kuti amaikidwa mosavuta. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa olankhula kunja. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani chivundikiro cha diffuser. Pambuyo pake, kulumikizana koyamba kumasankhidwa ndipo kumagwirizana ndi zotsatira zowonjezera. Kenako, muyenera kugwirizana pansi. Ponena za sensa, nembanemba yamakono mu chipangizochi imapangitsa kuti pulogalamuyo isamangidwe kwambiri. Mafelemu a zithunzi ndi abwino pafupifupi mitundu yonse. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amalangiza anthu ogwira ntchito kuti agwirizane. Pankhaniyi, amatha kutumikira zambiri.

Otsutsa amafunikira chidwi chenicheni. Ena a iwo amakhala osasamala pamene akusonkhanitsa chipangizochi. Komabe, pakadali pano, kusakanikirana kwapadera kwa mphamvuyi kudzakhala pafupifupi 6 ohms. Pa photocell katundu awa akuwoneka kuti ndi aakulu kwambiri. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, muyenera kumvetsera mzere wa magawo awiri. Pali awiri a chipangizochi. Yoyamba iyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi photocell. Pankhaniyi, yachiwiri nthawi zambiri imapezeka kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri kumbuyo kwa amplifier.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Masiku ano a mtundu uwu, mawotchi oyendetsa kuyendetsa kuwala (chithunzi chogwirizanitsa chikuwonetsedwa m'munsimu) ndizochepa. Maselo a photovoltaic omwe nthawi zambiri amaika ma radiation. Komabe, ena opanga makina amapanga zitsanzo ndi maginito anzawo. Pofuna kusonkhanitsa chithunzithunzi nokha, lembani ma capacitor ayenera kukonzekera. Otsutsa ndi ofunika kukhazikitsa kumbuyo kwa amplifier.

Mlingo wokhazikika wa sensa umadalira mphamvu ya zener diode. Chojambuliracho chikugwirizanitsidwa kudzera mwa difuser. Imaikidwa nthawi zambiri pa olankhulana atatu. Choyamba, chipangizocho chikugwirizanitsidwa kudzera mu anode. Pambuyo pake, ndikofunika kuyang'ana maziko. Mukamagwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi, msinkhu wosatsutsika siudutsa 40 ohms.

Mukugwiritsa ntchito mafyuluta osakaniza

Ndi zowonongeka zowonjezera pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhudzidwa kuyendetsa kuwala ndi manja awoawo. Kodi mungapange bwanji chitsanzo? Poyankha funsoli, m'pofunika kudziwa kuti zipangizo zamtundu uwu zimasonkhana pokhapokha pa maziko a phokosoli. Komabe, modulator ayamba kukhazikitsidwa. Pofuna kutchuka kwambiri, amasankhidwa ndi mndandanda wa P20. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti zotsutsana ndi chipangizochi ndizoyenera zokhazokha. Mavesi awo akudalira osati pa photocell, komanso pa amplifier.

Mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito chipangizocho zimasankhidwa pafupifupi 20 V. Pachifukwa ichi, nyali zapandescent zowonongeka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Cartridge kwa iwo ingagulidwe m'masitolo ambiri. Mwachindunji zowonongeka muzipangizo zimagwira ntchito yowonda. Pachifukwa ichi, phokoso lochepa limachotsedwa. Ikani chinthu ichi pafupi ndi condenser. Pamapeto pake, ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti mawotchi oyendetsa maulendowa kuti athandizidwe pakhomo amakhazikitsidwa nthawi zambiri.