Mozart: mndandanda. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: zilandiridwenso

The kwambiri Austria Wolemba V. A. Motsart ndi chimodzi mwa oimira Viennese chakale sukulu. mphatso anawonetseredwa ana aang'ono. Ntchito Mozart ankaona kusonyeza mfundo za kayendedwe "Sturm und Drang" ndi German Choonadi. Mu nyimbo, anapanga zinachitikira luso la miyambo yosiyana ndi masukulu dziko. Wotchuka ntchito za Mozart, mndandanda wa zomwe ndi waukulu, zachitika awo m'mbiri ya nyimbo. Iye walemba masewero a zoposa makumi awiri, nthetemya makumi wina, concertos kwa zida zosiyanasiyana limodzi ndi oimba, chipinda nyimbo ndi ntchito limba.

mudziwe mwachidule za Wolemba ndi

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austria Wolemba) anabadwa pa 01.27.1756, mu tawuni yokongola ya Salzburg. Kuwonjezera ankalemba? anali kwambiri harpsichordist, kondakitala, limba ndi zeze katswiri. Iye anali nawo Mtheradi khutu nyimbo kukumbukira zamtengo wapatali ndi chikhumbokhumbo improvisation. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ndi chimodzi mwa analemba kwambiri , nthawi okha, komanso panthawiyo. namatetule kwake kumaoneka ntchito zolembedwa mu njira zosiyana ndi Mitundu. Ntchito ya Mozart ndi otchuka kutali. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti Wolemba anali "mayesero a nthawi." dzina lake umatchulidwa kwambiri mpweya chomwecho ndi Haydn ndi Beethoven, monga nthumwi ya Viennese Classicism.

Wambiri ndi njira kulenga. zaka 1756-1780 wa moyo

Mozart anabadwa pa January 27, 1756. Write anakhala oyambirira, kuzungulira zaka zitatu. Woyamba nyimbo mphunzitsi anali atate ake. Mu 1762 anapita ndi bambo ake ndi mchemwali wake waukulu ulendo luso m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ku Germany, England, France, Switzerland, ndi Netherlands. Panthawi imeneyi ndi ntchito loyamba la Mozart. List of pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera. Kuyambira 1763 iye wakhala akukhala Paris. Amalenga Sonatas kwa zeze ndi Harpsichord. M'miyoyo nthawi 1766-1769 ku Salzburg ndi Vienna. Ndi zosangalatsa kumizidwa mu kuphunzira nyimbo za ambuye lalikulu. Pakati pawo, Handel, Durante, Carissimi, Stradella ndi ena ambiri. Mu 1770-1774 gg. Ndi ili makamaka Italy. Anakumana ndi otchuka pa nthawi ya wolemba - Joseph Mysliveček, amene chikoka unkagwiritsidwa ntchito tsogolo la Wolfgang Amadeus. M'zaka 1775-1780 maulendo kuti Munich, Paris ndi Mannheim. M'mavuto a zachuma. Asalandidwe mayi. Mu nthawi imeneyi ntchito zambiri zolembedwa ndi Mozart. Lembani ndi waukulu. Ali:

• Concerto kwa zitoliro ndi zeze;
• Six kiyibodi sonatas;
• makolasi angapo wauzimu;
• Nthetemya 31 ku tonality D lalikulu, lomwe limatchedwa Paris;
• khumi ndi zipinda kuvina ndi mayendedwe zina zambiri.

Wambiri ndi njira kulenga. zaka 1779-1791 wa moyo

Mu 1779, ntchito ku Salzburg bwalo limba. Mu 1781 ku Munich ndi kupambana kwakukulu ndi kuyamba a pa sewero lake "Idomeneo". Izi zinasintha latsopano tsogolo la umunthu kulenga. Ndiye iye akukhala Vienna. Mu 1783 anakwatira Constanze Weber. Nthawi imeneyi, kupita masewero a zoipa Mozart. Lembani si chachikulu chotere. Izi sewero la L'oca del Cairo ndi Lo sposo deluso, amene anatsalira yosatha. Mu 1786 iye analemba wabwino "Le Nozze di Figaro" pa libretto ndi Lorenzo da Ponte. Iwo anali ankachitika ku Vienna ndi kupambana kwakukulu. Ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti izi ndi zopambana za sewero la Mozart a. Mu 1787 anafalitsa palibe sewero la zochepa bwino, amene analenganso mu mgwirizano ndi Lorenzo da Ponte. Ndi "Don Giovanni". Pa nthawi yomweyo anaikidwa "Imperial ndi achifumu chipinda woimba". Amene anali analipira 800 florins. Iye analemba kuvina kwa masques ndi azithunzithunzi opera. Mu May 1791 Mozart anatenga malo wochititsa wothandizira wa Cathedral wa Cathedral St. Stefano. Iye anali kupeleka, koma anapatsidwa mwayi atamwalira Leopold Hoffman (amene anali kudwala kwambiri) kuti atenge malo ake. Komabe, izi sizinachitike. Mu December 1791 ndi wolemba namatetule anafa. Pali awiri Mabaibulo a chifukwa cha imfa yake. Choyamba ndi sequelae matenda enaake ophwanya malungo. Baibulo lachiwiri ndi ofanana ndi nthano, koma zimatheka chifukwa musicologists ambiri. Wolemba Izi Salieri poizoni Mozart.

Kuweta Mozart. mndandanda wa ntchito

Opera - Ndi mmodzi wa Mitundu chachikulu cha ntchito zake. Iye ali ndi sukulu za zisudzo zingshpili, kuonera sewero seria ndi buffa, komanso sewero kwambiri. Kuchokera cholembera cha zigawo zikuluzikulu:

• sukulu za zisudzo: "Kusintha kwa huwakinto," imatchedwanso "Apollo ndi huwakinto";
• Opera seria "Idomeneo" ( "Eliya Idamante"), "La Clemenza di Tito", "mitridate";
• Opera buffa "La Finta Giardiniera", "wakunyengeza mkwatibwi", "Ukwati wa Figaro," "Onse ndi," "Cairo tsekwe", "Don Giovanni", "lotereli simpleton";
• zingshpili "Bastien und Bastienne", "Zayed", "The atigwira ku Seraglio";
• chachikulu sewero la "sewero la The Magic chitoliro";
• pantomime kuvina "Knick-knacks";
• Misa: 1768-1780, unakhazikitsidwa Salzburg, Munich ndi Vienna;
• Requiem (1791);
• Oratorio "anamasulidwa Vetuliya";
• cantata "wolapa David," "Chimwemwe osema miyala," "Inu, moyo wa chilengedwe chonse," "Little Masonic Cantata".

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Ntchito oketsra

Ntchito mwa Mozart kwa oketsra kugunda kukula kwake. Ali:

• nthetemya;
• zoimbaimba ndipo Rondo kwa limba ndi Orchestra kwa zeze ndi oketsra;
• Concerto kwa violin awiri ndi Orchestra mu chifungulo cha C lalikulu, chifukwa zeze, viola ndi Banda, chifukwa zitoliro ndi oketsra mu chifungulo cha G lalikulu, chifukwa oboe, clarinet ndi Banda, Bassoon, Horn, chitoliro ndi Zeze (C yaikulu );
• Concerto awiri Pianos ndi Orchestra (E lathyathyathya yaikulu) ndi atatu (F yaikulu);
• Divertimenti ndi Serenades kwa oketsra, zingwe, mphepo gulu loyimba.

Zidutswa kwa oketsra ndi gulu loyimba

Ambiri ankalemba kwa oketsra ndi gulu loyimba Mozart. ntchito wotchuka:

• Galimathias musicum (1766);
• Maurerische Trauermusik (1785);
• Ein musikalischer Spa (1787);
• Akulowera (ena a iwo limodzi ndi Serenade);
• zovina (dziko kuvina, Ländlers, minuets);
• mpingo sonatas, zamitundumitundu, quintets, trios, duets ndi yofanana.

Kiyibodi (limba)

ntchito zoimbira za Mozart kwa chida ichi chotchuka kwambiri pakati amaimba piyano. Ali:

• Sonata 1774 - C lalikulu (K 279), F lalikulu (K 280), G lalikulu (K 283); 1775 G. - D lalikulu (K 284); 1777 - C lalikulu (K 309), D lalikulu (K 311); 1778 G. - Minor (R 310) C lalikulu (K 330) chachikulu (331 K), F lalikulu (332 K), Cu akuluakulu athyathyathya (K 333); 1784 - C Minor (K 457); 1788 - F lalikulu (K 533), C lalikulu (K 545);
• Fifitini yofanana m'zinthu (1766-1791);
• Rondo (1786, 1787);
• Kutengeka (1782, 1785);
• zidutswa osiyana.

Nthetemya № 40 ndi wa Mozart

nthetemya Mozart anali kulengedwa kuchokera 1764 mpaka 1788 otsiriza atatu akhala kupindula kwambiri polemba chinenero ichi. Total Wolfgang analemba 50 nthetemya. Koma kuwerenga musicology zoweta imatengedwa otsiriza 41 Symphony ( "Jupiter").

The nthetemya yabwino Mozart (№ 39-41) Ali olengedwa wapadera amene sangathe anaika zimabwera mukulemba. Aliyense wa iwo lili ayambe latsopano luso lingaliro.

Nthetemya nambala 40 ndi ntchito wotchuka kwambiri polemba chinenero chimenechi. Gawo loyamba limayamba kukwiya nyimbo violin funso mayankho dongosolo. Home Party akukumbutsa aria Cherubino ku opera "Ukwati wa Figaro." mutu Secondary ndi m'nyimbo ndi wozingwa, kusiyana lalikulu. Development akuyamba pang'ono nyimbo bassoons. Pali mdima ndi kubuma kamvekedwe. Umayamba kanthu zoterezi. Reprise amagogomezera voteji.

Gawo lachiwiri chimakhala chogwidwa ndi maganizo bata ndi Kulingalira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mawonekedwe sonata. Imbirani mfundo yaikulu ya violas, ndiye anatola zeze wake. Nkhani yachiwiri ngati "kuthamanga".

Chachitatu - wofatsa, waulemu ndi mosangalatsa. Development akutibweretsera ndi maganizo kukwiya, nkhawa akuwonekera. Reprise - kachiwiri ganizo labwino. Gawo lachitatu - ndi minuet ndi mbali ya ulendo Komabe, kuchuluka kwa firii kotala. Nkhani yaikulu - ndi kulimba mtima. Iwo anachita zeze ndi chitoliro. The atatu amaoneka mandala phokoso ubusa.

Pamapeto pake mofulumira akupitiriza kukula kwambiri, kufika mfundo zake apamwamba - chimake. Nkhawa ndi chisangalalo chibadidwe zigawo zonse za mbali yachinayi. Ndipo kokha mipiringidzo otsiriza Ponena mawu yaing'ono.

V. A. Motsart unali njira yabwino harpsichordist, kondakitala, limba ndi zeze katswiri. Iye anali nalo khutu mtheradi nyimbo kukumbukira zamtengo wapatali ndi chikhumbokhumbo improvisation. ntchito zake zabwino zachitika awo m'mbiri ya nyimbo.