Mphamvu za ndale - cholinga kapena njira?

mphamvu ndi chiyani? zodabwitsazi ndi kusamala ndi theorists wa sayansi andale, komanso ena ambiri, kuphatikizapo andale ndi zivundi wamba. chidwi zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa zodabwitsazi amagwirizana ndi malo wotanganidwa ndi munthu kapena gulu piramidi wa anthu.

Ikuyandikira kumvetsa

Tanthauzo mtundu kuti boma - osakaniza njira ndi njira kuti kuti munthu kulamulira ena. Komanso, njira ndi njira, monga ulamuliro, ndi zili atatu chakale mitundu: kumanja, ulamuliro ndi / kapena chiwawa. Nkosafuna kunena kuti iwo akhoza amathandizana ndi zina akhoza. Izi zikusonyeza njira ya chitukuko cha mbiri ya chodabwitsa lapansi.

Choncho, malinga ndi wasayansi ndale Maurice Duverger, mu mphamvu yake mapangidwe anawonetseredwa mu njira zinayi zikuluzikulu. The woyamba amatchedwa anonymous kapena kutsitsi. kufalitsa anali nawo pa siteji m'banda wa chitukuko anthu, ndi zoona, a zonse. The chachiwiri - ndi mmodzi ndi mmodzi. Iwo amakhala kusandulika kuchokera anonymous, umboni umene ndi mapangidwe bungwe la akulu, etc. - mtsogoleri pambuyo - mfumu. Mbali yamakono ya chitukuko cha mphamvu chodabwitsa chitukuko amatchedwa institutionalized. Izi ndi maphatikizidwe wapadera awiri oyambirira mitundu: mphamvu theoretically uli onse, ndi zoona - mabungwe yeniyeni ya anthu, monga ndale. Komanso lero pali achilendo mtundu - ulamuliro supranational. zodabwitsazi amakhala ndi chakuti kutha kulimbikitsa njira kunachitika anthu, anapanga mkati m'dera la boma limodzi, gulu supranational.

Aliyense wa mitundu zinayi pamaso akonzedwa enieni zipangizo, amene anafotokozedwa mitundu ya mphamvu, onse ndale ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu ya boma

Kudulidwa zofunika mphamvu, kuphatikizapo ndale, ikuchitika pamaziko a kugwilizana ake ndi makhazikitsidwe malamulo chikhalidwe ndi dziko. Choncho mitundu iwiri: zamalamulo ndi oletsedwa. Dziwani kuti mu nkhani iyi kumbali sangathe kugwirizana ndi woyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zosiyanasiyana lonse la mphamvu zake, chipani akhoza kulanda mphamvu boma mwamtheradi mwalamulo. Koma iye sakhala ndi kukondweretsa anthu, zimene basi kumabweretsa upathengo ake. Pa nkhani imeneyi, n'koyenera kuchita aforesaid kugawanika kwa malamulo, oletsedwa ndi yovomerezeka.

Gulu lachiwiri la mphamvu ikuchitika pa kuwaika lapansi. Choncho, anthu amaona boma, msika, ndale. Market mphamvu - ndi ya njira kuti amakulolani kutenga udindo waukulu mu chuma. Political - ndi mwayi yosokoneza maganizo a aliyense anthu. boma ndi - mtundu wa ndale, imene mmene angakhalire limodzi kapena onse njira tatchulazi.

Kudulidwa wachitatu wa chibadidwe waukulu mphamvu ya boma monga subspecies, koma, anapatsidwa mtengo wa mtundu uwu, kuti n'chofunikira kwambiri. Monga ulamuliro, ndi mbali ziwiri: pa phunziro la mphamvu ndi ndondomeko ya kukhazikitsa. Pa nkhani ya kugawikana izo ikuchitika mogwirizana ndi nthambi za mphamvu ndi Chalk kuwamvera.

Koma kufunika kwa jurists, akatswiri ndi asayansi ndale akadali akuimira gulu ndi njira kuzindikira: mphamvu za demokalase ndi sanali demokalase. Mlandu zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yovomerezeka kusonkhezera - chabwino, kukakamiza malamulo ndi ulamuliro choyenerera. Ponena za wachiwiri umayenda N'zosachita kufunsa. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri ndi mphamvu zonse. mawu awa abwera chakuti nkhani pa nzeru zawo ulamuliro wa moyo wa ena onse. Koma nkhani iyi akadali ngosoŵa masiku motsutsa mphamvu undemocratic ndi khalidwe la opondereza monyanyira-chipembedzo ndi authoritarian mtundu.

Choncho, mphamvu - adakali njira kuti akwanilitse zolinga, pamene zilibe zotani kuchuluka limafotokoza.