Mu chaka chimene chinapangidwa ndi Russian malo msika? Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya msika malo

The malo msika mu Russia ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo yaikulu ya chuma cha dziko. Komabe, chitukuko zimadalira mmene zinthu zilili kumabungwe ena chifungulo cha chuma. Russian malo msika ndi atengeke mavuto kwa zinthu zazikulu za citukuko. Kodi ubwenzi inachokera ku magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko? ndi nthawi yaikulu ya mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa Russian msika malo chiyani?

The malo msika wa Russia: kapangidwe

Poganizira zigawo zikuluzikulu chitukuko cha msika ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo mu Russia, zidzakhala zothandiza kuti tichiphunzire ku mawonedwe a kugwira ntchito awiri zigawo osiyana - wotuluka ndi maofesi zogona ndi maubwenzi, nkhani imene - kugula ndi kugulitsa ndi katundu malonda renti.

Mwina kudziŵika kuti kuchuluka kwa amalembedwa angapo ntchito zofunika kwa chuma cha dziko la Chitaganya cha Russian:

- yotithandiza kufunika mu ngongole msika;

- kulimbikitsa maganizo pa msika yomanga;

- zolimbikitsa kukula kwa kotunga ndalama zambiri zigawo zina bizinesi - m'munda wa kufunsira malo, zipangizo zomangamanga, utoto, lacquers, akumaliza, mapepala khoma;

- yankho la mavuto mwamsanga chikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi kupereka nyumba kwa nzika za dziko;

Choncho, malo msika - mmodzi wa madalaivala zikuluzikulu za kukula kwa chuma wonse. Tiyeni tsopano tione mmene anapanga ndi anakamba zigawo zofunika kwambiri.

Zogona malo msika wa Russia: zaka zoyambirira za chitukuko

Kodi chaka chuma anapanga msika Russian mu dera la wotuluka ndi maofesi zogona? Pa nthawi imeneyi pali mfundo zingapo view.

Ofufuza ambiri, zogona malo msika mu gawo ziwalo anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe mu 1990 - pa mfundo za buku la Chilamulo "Pa katundu" imene anavomereza bungwe la chuma payekha mu USSR - nthawi yoyamba mu nthawi yayitali. Lisanaperekedwe, ku Soviet Union kapena katundu wina, kuphatikizapo nyumba, ndi mu chuma payekha kwa nzika zonse. Koma osati chuma payekha - anali kugwirizana makamaka ndi dongosolo capitalist, lomwe ndi osamva chotsutsana ndi mfundo zokomera wa bungwe zogwirizana mu USSR.

Atangomva Chilamulo "Pa katundu" Analeredwa pa kutaya nzika Soviet anali nyumba ndi nyumba, zomwe ndi nthawi iwo anagula mu dongosolo la kukongoza alipo akamagwiritsa. Ine ndiyenera kunena, ngongole awa ali kutali kwambiri ndi alipidwa lero wokhala mapulogalamu kubweza, koma kwa ena digiri akufanana nawo. eni anali komweko akhoza kugulitsa malo awo pa msika.

wamba chinthu

Nayenso, mu 1992 linakhazikitsa zikuluzikulu wamba nyumba, analandira ndi nthawi ya boma. Izi anakonzeratu mapangidwe msika mabuku chachikulu cha maganizo, ndi chifukwa chakuti yobereka ufulu wa nyumba ndi boma langokhala osachepera (kupatula mu chimango cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana chikhalidwe), panali komanso kufunika kwa malo.

Ngati ife kulankhula za pamene panali Russian malo msika, ndiye inu mukhoza kuganizira chimodzimodzi pa chiyambi cha wamba nyumba pagulu. Ndiko kuti, ndi 1992. Komabe, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti Russian malo msika unakhazikitsidwa mu 1991, monga mwa chilamulo "Pa Katundu" kwathunthu movutikira ndipo woyamba ndikupeleka malonda a malonda ndi kugula nyumba wakhala kucitika. Koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka m'malo ka okwanira ndi kufunika ndi kuti makinawa yodziwika msika kale, iwo sangakhoze ankamuona ngati msika kwathunthu. Only ndi chiyambi cha wamba anthu anayamba kupanga.

Motero, magawo a mapangidwe a Russian msika malo, pamene izo zifika ku gawo zogona, ndi ochuluka n'kololeka kuyambira 1992. Chinthu china ndi chakuti muzochitika ubale malonda ziwalo kutanthauza kuli osati bungwe la chuma payekha, komanso ambiri zimagwirira malamulo ndi chuma chimene wotuluka pa kugula ndi kugulitsa nyumba akhoza kuchitika. Taganizirani mbali iyi mwatsatanetsatane.

Pamene ife anapanga njira malamulo Russian malo msika?

Choncho, chaka chimene chinapangidwa ndi Russian malo msika, pamene izo zifika ku gawo ake zogona, tikudziwa tsopano - mu 1992. Komabe, umakhala wapachiyambi uziyenda mu chimango cha lotha, makamaka lotengeka ndi nthawi ina zokomera wa asilikali malamulo. Nkosafuna kunena - ngakhale Constitution la dziko pa nthawi imeneyo panalibe. Koma anaonekera mu 1993. Iwo anali atakambirana ndi kuika mu zotsatira malamulo a boma kulembetsa ufulu kwa malo - mu 1997, pa kubweza kwa - mu 1998.

Malamulo ndi ndalama mabungwe: zimakhudza chitukuko msika

Choncho, ngakhale kuti Russian malo msika unakhazikitsidwa mu 1992, panapita nthawi kupeza njira zowonjezera la legitimation wa wotuluka pa kugula ndi kugulitsa komanso kukongoza.

Ndipotu mfundo yakuti pa mlingo malamulo anali ovomerezeka mapulogalamu kubweza, okonzedweratu chiyambi cha mapangidwe msinkhu wina wa citukuko ca nyumba msika ku Russia amakhala ndi kukula m'khola anthu, ndi chifukwa, malo mitengo. Ponena periodization - izo limafanana ndi zaka 2000 pamaso pa 2008-2009 mavuto chaka.

Taganizirani mfundo yake yeniyeni.

Zogona malo msika wa Russia: kuyambira chiyambi cha 2000s kuti mavuto 2008-2009

Mfundo zikuluzikulu za chitukuko cha Russian msika malo m'nthawi zogwirizana anayamba, kotero mapulogalamu kubweza (makamaka kwambiri kufunika kwa iwo anali m'ma 2000s), kuwonjezeka malipilo nzika, komanso kufunika zonse mkulu nyumba. Motero, mitengo nyumba mu 2000s, ndi unakula mofulumira. Factor mu apitirira akhale vuto la zachuma lomwe, zomwe kutumikira kubweza msika slowdown ndi kuchepetsa ku ankafuna nyumba chifukwa liwiro kukula malipiro.

chofanana adanyamuka kugwa kwa 2008, pamene chifukwa zoipa padziko lonse zizindikiro msika chuma ndi mavuto mu chuma Russian. Ndalama ya ku Russia mu nthawi mpaka pafupifupi 2010 idaleka kukula, osachepera mitengo iwo amene asunga pamaso vuto la yophukira 2008. Banks akhala wosamalitsa kuwunika creditworthiness wa kubweza borrowers, choncho mlingo wa ngongole nyumba utachepa.

Chifukwa, pa vuto la 2008-2009, mitengo katundu ku Russia waponya kwambiri. Koma ngati olimba a zinthu zazikulu za citukuko mu Russia anayamba kutenga kuumba kukula kwa ndalama za nzika, magombe ankakhulupirira mphamvu mu gawo la ngongole nyumba, ndi Russian malo msika, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zomwe zachitika kale, kuti walowa msinkhu wina wa chitukuko. Onani mbali yake.

Zogona malo msika wa Russia: kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2014 mavuto

Against maziko a kuwonjezeka kwambiri kubweza kukongoza mlingo, ndi kupitiriza mkulu kufunika panthawi imeneyi la Russia kamodzinso anayamba kukula kwambiri mitengo chuma. Komabe, kukuchititsa zimenezi, akatswiri kunena, sanali khalidwe kwa zigawo zonse Russian. Makamaka mu mizinda yayikulu kwambiri ya Russia, makamaka Moscow, St. Petersburg, kukula mu mitengo kunyumba sanali monga kutchulidwa mawu wachibale. Izi ofufuza zimachitika makamaka kwa machulukitsidwe msika. Ngakhale kuti mizinda yayikulu kwambiri ya la Russia kukhala wokongola asamukire, msika chitukuko cha zomangamanga nyumba ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, kumlingo kuchepetsa kufunika kwambiri malo.

A mavuto atsopano ndi malo msika

Lang'anani, m'mizinda ina yambiri ya la Russia mogwirizana ndi kupanda okwanira mu mitengo malo anadzuka bwinobwino. Factor mu wosakwiya awo, kachiwiri, chikhoza kukhala zovuta mu chuma. Anthu chifukwa cha vuto la zinthu zakunja, kuchepetsa mtengo wa mafuta ndi mavuto ena structural chuma cha dziko la Chitaganya cha Russia anatuluka mu 2014.

Ndalama ya anthu kukula pontho inafalikira. Makamaka zoipa mavuto kwakhudza gawo la banki - Bank ku Central anakakamizika mlingo refinancing, ndi mabungwe kukongoza malonda, nayenso omangika zinthu kukongoza. Chotsatira kuti kubweza msika ali mochedwa kwambiri. mfundozi kutumikira mavuto atsopano mu nyumba msika latsopano la Russia.

Kodi ziyembekezo mukuyembekezera am'derali ubale katundu malamulo mogwirizana ndi mmene zinthu ziliri zachuma?

Zogona malo msika wa Russia: akuyembekezera

Takambirana magawo chitukuko cha Russian msika malo limasonyeza kuti vutoli si kwa gawo ziwalo. Pa 2008-2009 mavuto unkachitika ndi kuchepa kwa mitengo nyumba, monga vuto la 2014, utachepa mphamvu ya kubweza kukongoza. Koma mwamsanga pamene zinthu mu chuma Kuwonjezera - anali kusintha nthawi yomweyo zinthu zinalili mu gawo zogona malo - chifukwa kufunika mosalekeza mkulu nyumba.

Poyembekezera zimene boma

Kutuluka mavuto 2008-2009 chuma Russian amathandizidwa ndi kukwera mtengo kwa mafuta, kuyambira mu 2011, dongosolo la $ 100 mbiya. Udzabwerera kwa iwo nthawi imene "golide wakuda" ndi ofunika kangapo mtengo - funso lalikulu. Ngati zili choncho, zikuoneka kuti ntchito kale kamodzi dalaivala enieni a zachuma Russian. Ngati ayi - mwina mukhoza kudikira mpaka kuyamba ntchito atengedwa ndi Boma la Chitaganya cha Russia ziziyenda zinthu chuma cha dziko Pulogalamu kuonetsetsa m'malo a revenues mafuta.

Choncho, zinthu pa msika zogona malo kudzadalira mmene bwino adzakhala mfundo za boma ku munda wa anatengera chuma Russian kuti zinthu zatsopano ofala pa dziko msika.

Malonda malo msika mu Russia: mapangidwe ndi chitukuko

Choncho tidadzatulukira zimene chaka unakhazikitsidwa ku Russian malo msika ndi mmene kukhala - mu gawo zogona. Tiyeni tsopano tione limatchula za zimangokhala malo ena, ndiwo malo malonda kwenikweni. The ndikupeleka a malonda ndi kugula ndi kung'ambika akutsatiridwa poyerekezera ndi zipangizo monga nyumba ofesi, Masitolo, mahotela, malo, mosungira, maofesi mafakitale, mabwalo.

Kodi mwapeza wamba kwambiri bizinesi?

Pa chiyambi cha pepala ili, tili ndi mtima umene unayamba mu 1992 mu gawo zogona wa Russian msika malo - pamene wamba anayamba. Monga malo malonda, pamenepo zochitika msika m'munda zogwirizana pamene boma chuma kwaulere ankadutsa eni payekha, mwaunyinji silinkachitidwa. Choncho, wamba wa mseri pofuna kupeza phindu maofesi, ngakhale zinachitika latsopano la Russia, sanathe kukhala wamphamvu kukula dalaivala gawo, monga momwe zilili ndi malo zogona weniweni.

Choncho, tinganene kuti mu gawo malonda a Russian msika malo unakhazikitsidwa mu chaka ndi nthawi ndi 1991, chitapita chilamulo "Pa chuma payekha" anayamba kuchita zinthu. madalaivala Komanso kukula kwake kunali, kachiwiri, kupanga mapulogalamu ngongole, koma ndinazolowera dera malonda, komanso tima chitukuko cha chuma Russian, makamaka 2000s oyambirira.

Chinthu chuma konsekonse kwa zigawo zonse

Monga momwe zilili ndi gawo zogona, malonda malo msika anali kutha kuzindikira vuto la 2008-2009. Monga mavuto ndi mavuto mu 2014 ndi 2015. Choncho, ziyembekezo za pofuna kukwaniritsa gawo ili la chuma cha dziko ndi amadalira mumaganiza zazikulu za citukuko.

Komabe, mosiyana ndi nzika Ogula chachikulu ndi ogulitsa mu msika malo, ndi zisudzo zogwirizana mu gawo malonda - makampani angathe kukhala pa njira zachuma mu dziko zofunika kwambiri amadza. Choncho, kukhazikitsa ma boma umalimbana ndi wamakono wa chuma, makamaka zimadalira mphamvu ya malonda a mabungwe omwe siaboma.

Choncho, mphamvu amachitira malonda kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu chuma cha dziko la Chitaganya cha Russia wakhala azimuth abwino. Motero - yotithandiza chitukuko zina msika malonda malo.

chidule

Kotero, ife anatsimikiza kuti, kodi chaka chuma anapanga msika Russian mu zigawo zogona ndi malonda, anapeza magawo chachikulu cha chitukuko. Mfundo yaikulu kulimbikitsa zinthu mu malo zogwirizana ya chuma cha dziko makamaka wotchulidwa zazikulu za citukuko. Ngati mmene chuma chikuyendera wa dziko amakhala ndi predominance wa mumaganiza zabwino - weniweni chuma msika mu zigawo zonse ndi mwachangu osauka.

Koma mbali ya chitukuko m'munda wa malonda zogona ndi - mukhoza woyamba wa zonse kudziŵika kuti Russian malo msika unakhazikitsidwa m'mikhalidwe yapadera ya kusintha kwa chuma zokomera kuti chitsanzo capitalist. Koyenera kuti lidzigwira ntchito zake za masiku onse mabungwe malamulo ndi ndalama siziwoneka nthawi yomweyo.

Komabe, mu masiku mawonekedwe a msika chuma Russian weniweni kupangika pa mfundo zomwe zimachitikira mayiko ambiri capitalist. Mapangidwe mitengo pa izo chifukwa cholinga cha okwanira ndi akumufuna. Nchifukwa chake kudalira ya chitukuko pa vuto la zachuma wonse. Ngati pali kufunika kogwira, ndiye mphamvu ya msika adzakhala positive.