Elbrus - Wamkulu Caucasus phiri

Elbrus - phiri, amene akuchitira akhoza kuponyedwa wotsirika, okwera onse kufuna kugonjetsa udachitikira lotsatira, ndi apaulendo ambiri amene chaka kubwera kumapazi ake, ndi kumva mphamvu ya mwala pachimake. Ndipo ndithudi, palibe amene anakhumudwa kwambiri.

Nkhaniyi adzatiuza osati za momwe, zomwe ndi mapiri Elbrus, komanso anayambitsanso owerenga zochititsa, chinsinsi maina, nthano.

Gawo 1. General ikulongosola za chinthu Hrs

Elbrus - phiri, ndi zapamwamba chimbuzi cha la Russia, yomwe ili kumpoto Wamkulu. Caucasus mapiri, kumalire a Karachay-Cherkessia ndi Kabardino-Balkaria.

Chifukwa chakuti pakati pa Ulaya ndi Asia mpaka pano osati anakhazikitsa malire enieni, nthawi zina phiri opotoka kuti apamwamba European phiri ndi tili m'gulu la "Zisanu ndi mapiri". Zingatenge nthawi ndi madera, potsiriza analola mkangano, koma imathamanga ena kuti Elbrus - phiri, umene uli otchedwa ancipitate stratovolcano. phirilo zooneka ake nsonga inakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a phiri lomwe wakale, ndi kwa mfundo Geological maganizo, nsonga onse kwathunthu mapiri palokha, aliyense amene ali ndi mawonekedwe tingachipeze powerenga ndi bwino kutchulidwa Chigwa.

Elbrus Caucasus mapiri ... ... Malowa kwenikweni wotchuka m'mbiri yake wakale. anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti m'badwo anatsimikiza monga a kumtunda kwa amene Mwachitsanzo, nsonga chapamwamba Russia n'kuwononga vuto choimirira. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa ndi tsiku ndi kuphulika otsiriza: zinali zaka 50 BC. e.

Gawo 2: chinsinsi cha maina pachimake

Mwina funso ali Phiri Elbrus, tiyeni lingaliro laling'ono, koma yankho ndi zomveka pafupifupi wophunzira, koma ndizo za etymology dzina la amadziwika ochepa.

Ambiri, tisaiwale kuti vertex ali maina angapo. Okwana pali oposa khumi.

Lero ndi kovuta kudziwa anabwera maina woyamba, ndipo patapita. Dzina zamakono pa phiri, malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, akubwera kuchokera ku aku Iran "Aytibares" omwe anamasuliridwa njira Russian "mapiri ataliatali" kapena "wanzeru" (Baibulo la chinenero Zend). Karachai-Balkarian pachimake amatchedwa "Ming-matchalitchi anayamba," amene anamasuliridwa mu Russian ngati "phiri la zikwi." Komabe, pali Balkars, oitana pang'ono mosiyana - "Ming-matchalitchi anayamba", limene limatanthauza "phiri chishalo." oimira yamakono ya mtundu ichi kuti "Elbrus-matchalitchi anayamba" - "phiri kuzungulira ndi mphepo whirls".

Limodzi la mayina ambiri stratovolcano komanso kusiyanitsa dzina "Dzhinpadishah" omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Turkic zikumveka ngati "Ambuye ndi mizimu", "Orfi-chubu" (Abkhaz) - "Mountain analidalitsa" kapena "Yal-booze" (Chijojiya) - "chisanu manyenje ".

Gawo 3: Kodi kutalika kwa phiri Elbrus?

Mwina funso kamodzi pa moyo wanu chidwi chidwi ambiri. Koma yankho sichinthu chophweka pa iye angaganize pa koyamba. Chifukwa chiyani? nkhani zonse mu peculiarities wa matabwa ake.

Monga ine tanenera kale, Elbrus - phiri, ongokhala awiri nsonga phirilo zooneka. Kutalika kumadzulo - mamita 5642, ndi kum'mawa - 5621 m. Nagawira iwo pamwamba pa chishalo limatuluka kuti mamita 5300 ndi mtunda ndi mzake ndi za 3000 meters.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba anatsimikiza kukula kwa Elbrus Russian Academician K. Wisniewski mu 1813.

Kumbukirani kuti chibwenzi, nsonga chapamwamba dziko imatengedwa phiri la Everest (Qomolangma) amene kutalika - mamita 8848, poyerekeza ndi zomwe phiri wathu pachimake zikuwoneka ting'onoting'ono.

Gawo 4. kuopsa kwa nyengo m'dera

Phiri Elbrus ... Kukwera pamwamba zambiri amalota ake kwa okwera onse odziwa ndi oyamba. Komabe, n'zotheka satero, nthawi iliyonse. The yabwino kwambiri ndi chilimwe, July ndi August.

Panthawi imeneyi nyengo ndi wolimba komanso otetezeka kukaona ro amenewa. chilimwe kutentha mocheperapo kugwa poyerekeza -9 ° C, ngakhale kudza ndi kugwa kungakhale kwa -30 ° C.

Kuyambira October kuti April, mu malo awa mtengo wouma mtima ndi yozizira. Mu nyengo yozizira, anakaona pachimake ndi kovuta, ndi chitunda kuti ndi lofanana ndi kudzipha.

Gawo 5. Ntchito chiphala

Elbrus ndi zodabwitsa ndi wapadera. Kufotokozera Mountain zitenga nthawi yochuluka kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi anapeza zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa.

M'nkhani ino tikambirana okha samveka kwambiri. maphunziro Geological ya phiri zinatha anasonyeza pamaso pa zigawo munali chiphala phulusa, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi kuphulika akale. Pa wosanjikiza choyamba, asayansi atsimikizira kuti woyambirira Elbrus kuphulika kunachitika za 45.000 zaka zapitazo. Wosanjikiza chachiwiri unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo kuphulika Kazbek. Izo zinachitika pafupi 40 zikwi zapitazo.

Tsopano amadziwika kuti anali pambuyo yachiwiri iyi, wamphamvu kwambiri, ngakhale mwa mfundo ano, kuphulika kwa akalewa, n'kukakhala ku mapanga m'deralo, anachoka ku dzikolo ndipo anapita kukafuna zinthu zabwino kwambiri kwa moyo.

Kuphulika zaposachedwapa wa Elbrus kuphulika zinachitika pafupi zaka 2000 zapitazo (zaka 50 BC. E.).

Gawo 6. Nthano ya Mount Elbrus

Nthawi zambiri, Caucasus Mountains, Elbrus makamaka, ndi waphimbika mu kwambiri a nthano kwambiri chidwi ndi zamatsenga ndi nthano.

Imodzi mwa nkhanizi limatiuza kuti kalelo ankakhala bambo ndi mwana - Kazbek ndi Elbrus. Onse a iwo anagwa mchikondi ndi mtsikana wokongola wotchedwa Mashuk. Only mtsikana iye sankakhoza kupanga kusankha pakati pa awiri otchuka ulemerero. Kwa nthawi yaitali, bambo ndi mwana mpikisano, safuna kugonjera wina ndi mzake ndipo anakantha pamwamba pa iwo wakupha nkhondo. Iwo anamenya mpaka kufikira Elbrus samenya bambo ake. Koma, pozindikira zochita zake zoopsa, mwana anatembenuka imvi ndi chisoni. Sanafunenso kukonda, kuti pakhale mtengo wa wokondedwa moyo nachoka kwa Elbrus wokongola Mashuk, kenako kubaya yekha ndi zigawenga yemweyo amene anapha bambo ake.

Wokongola Mashuk analira yaitali ndi kuwawa mtima pa Ankhondo ndipo anati m'dziko onse kunalibe ngwazi amenewa, ndi kuti amakhala ndi moyo m'dziko lino popanda pakuwawona.

Mulungu anamva kudandaula ake, n'kumusintha Kazbek ndi Elbrus mu mapiri atali, okongola ndi pamwamba amene Caucasus kulibenso. Kukongola Mashuk iye anatembenuka chokwera phiri ndi zochepa. Ndipo tsopano, kuchokera m'ma kuti atumwi, tsiku ndi tsiku, pali mwala mtsikana nayang'ana za mapiri amphamvu osati kusankha amene mwa otchuka awiri kukonda kwambiri ophuzira mtima wake wa mwala ...

Gawo 7. Mbiri ya nkhondoyo wamkulu

Mu 1829, motsogoleredwa ndi mutu wa maulendowa sayansi Georgiem Emmanuelem anapangidwa chitunda loyamba Phiri Elbrus. Mamembala a ulendo anakhala makamaka ophunzira: .. Physics, botanists, maphunziro, Akatswiriwa, etc. Iwo anagonjetsa kum'mawa kwa Elbrus ndipo anapanga mbiri monga anatulukira wina nsonga yaikulu ya dziko lapansili.

Choyamba anakwera Elbrus Kilar Khachirov - kondakitala. Patapita zaka zingapo izo anagonjetsa ndipo panasonkhana apamwamba phiri ili - Western. Maulendowa, unakonzedwa ndi okwera British lotsogoleredwa ndi Florence anali Grove, anapanga ulendo wopita ku dera la kumadzulo kwa phiri Elbrus mu 1874. Mamuna wakutoma kukwera pamwamba pa izo, nawonso, anali kondakitala, izo Balkar, Ahiya Sottayev - membala wa maulendowa choyamba.

Kenako, panali munthu amene adakwanitsa kupambana onse pamwamba pa Elbrus. Icho chinali Russian mapu A. V. Pastuhov. Iye mu 1890 akhoza adzauka pamwamba kumadzulo, mu 1896 - kum'mawa. Munthu yemweyo amene anapanga mapu mwatsatanetsatane Phiri Elbrus.

Tikumbukenso kuti pali adakali stratovolcano ndi wotchuka phiri okwera padziko lonse. Kukwera pamwamba ake, okwera amakhala za sabata imodzi.

Koma masiku ano, mungathe kutenga chingwe galimoto, amene kwambiri facilitates njira ndi kupulumutsa nthawi.

Pa okwera 3750 mamita khumbi "migolo", kumene tsopano zambiri akuyamba kukwera Elbrus. pogona uyu ali ndi zisanu ndi insulated mbiya ngolo ndi mwapadera khitchini. Pa mlingo wa mamita 4100 ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri mu hotelo dziko - "Mthunzi khumi".

Gawo 8. Stone bowa pa Elbrus

Elbrus - phiri, okhoza captivate apaulendo zomwe zake zachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, wapadera thanthwe formations, wotchedwa bowa mwala.

Mpaka pano, palibe imodzi imene aliyense akudziwa chifukwa miyala iyi yotchuka wotchedwa bowa, ndipo palibe paliponse mu Caucasus ziboliboli ngati salinso anati. Pa yaing'ono lathyathyathya (250 × 100 m) anamwazikana zithunzi angapo dazeni ngati "bowa". Ambiri a iwo mutha kuona poyambira.

Mwinamwake ntchito ndi makolo athu ku mtundu wina wa lachipembedzo. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi miyala amafanana ndi nkhope adakweza. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi malo ndi mphamvu amphamvu kwambiri zabwino, ndipo ngakhale nyengo pano ndi anomalous kwambiri.

Gawo 9. Elbrus silikhali Museum

Kumenyana Museum - m'nyumbayi apamwamba mu dziko. Malowa ali pamtunda pamalo okwera mamita 3500 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Ndinakumana wapadera kwagona kuti Sichikupezeka nyumba, ndipo akupitiriza mu madera ozungulira.

Bungweli wakhala zikugwira ntchito chiyambire 1 January 1972. chitukuko ndi kuteteza zopereka ndi nthawi kutiona wasayansi ndi antchito awiri.

Kutolera zambiri kuposa 270 zinthu. Tikumbukenso kuti pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Dziko Elbrus inali apamwamba phiri kutsogolo. Mu malo awa anali nkhondo aukali pa mipita phiri, amene Nazi anafuna kutenga kufika Caucasus.

zipangizo Photodocumentary zochitika izi kwa zaka zambiri kusungidwa owonetsera zakale izi. Prielbrusye silikhali Museum - gulu la subordination dera, yomwe ikuchitika ntchito chikhalidwe.

Gawo 10. Chidwi mfundo za Phiri

• Mu 1956, polemekeza chikumbutso 400th wa Kabardino-Balkaria, Elbrus Mountain nthawi yomweyo ndinatha kukwera gulu la okwera 400.
• Mu 1998, moto anatentha nyumba ya hotelo "khumi Mthunzi". Pakali pano, malo a nyumba zakale zamitengo, makonsolo akuika latsopano.
• Mu 1991, magazini Kunja Magazine chimbudzi "khumi Mthunzi" dzina lake chimbudzi koipa mu dziko. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, anapatsidwa chakuti zikwi la alendo phiri okwera padziko lonse kwa zaka ntchito malo ano cholinga chinachake.
• Elbrus ndi chimodzi cha nsonga zoopsa kwambiri dziko. Pa chitunda kuphiri zambiri ngozi kuchitika. Mu 2004 chokha, kupha 48 skiers, adventurers ndi okwera.
• Mu 1997, kwa nthawi yoyamba pamwamba pa Elbrus ndinkamuuza kuti abwere mwapadera ndi kusinthidwa galimoto Land Rover. Munthu amene anagonjetsa galimotoyi - Russian wapaulendo Abramov.
• Phiri Elbrus wa "Zisanu ndi mapiri", kuwonjezera mu mndandanda ndi: Aconcagua ku America South, phiri la Everest ku Asia, phiri la McKinley ku North America, Vinson Massif ku Antarctica, Kilimanjaro mu Africa, Puncak Jaya ndi Oceania ndi Australia.
• More pa Elbrus ali oundana 22, omwe ndi ochokera atatu mitsinje Kuban ndi Baksan ndi Malka.
• Nthawi zina kuchokera pamwamba pa phiri la Elbrus okwera kuwona pomwepo Black ndi ya Caspian. Izi zimadalira kuthamanga ndi kutentha, kuthandiza kwambiri limakula review utali wozungulira.
• Mu 2008, phiri Elbrus wakhala anazindikira kuti imodzi mwa asanu zodabwitsa za Russia.