The makalipeti ndizo zabwino Tabasaran: kufotokoza, ziwembu, mbali ndi ndemanga

Dagestan ndi likulu la m'nyumba kuluka makalapeti m'gawo Russian. Mbali chapadera ndi makalapeti Dagestani ndi chuma dongosolo pamodzi ndi nyimbo bwino komanso masikimu a mtundu. Chiwerengerochi onse banga komanso nsalu, kapangidwe zofunika amadziŵika ndi chachikulu. The mankhwala nsalu amakhala ndi osakaniza a mitundu ofunda ndi ozizira.

Dagestan kuluka makalapeti

Popular padziko lonse Dagestan mulu makalapeti amapangidwa kum'mwera kwa Republic. Conventionally, chitsanzo anawagawa mitundu anayi, amene amasiyana zokongoletsera, kachulukidwe ndi mulu kutalika:

• Lezgin - "Akhty", "yaying'ono", "Kasumkent";
• Derbent - "Derbent";
• Rutul - "Rutul";
• Tabasaran - "rushul", "HIV", "Tabasaran".

Kupanga mphasa "HIV" mbali chosiyana ndi yaitali mulu (6 mm) ndi chiwerengero cha mfundo (womangidwa 10 cm ²⁾ zidutswa 1764. Mankhwala ena pamphasa ndipo chiwerengero cha mfundo ndi zosakwana 1600.

NKHANI Tabasaranskiy makalapeti

Poyamba, zinthu zofunika kwambiri banja ankatengedwa Tabasaran makalapeti ali m'nyumba. mitengo awo anali mkulu, kuti malonda a banja limodzi kwa miyezi yoposa isanu akhoza moyo wabwino. makalipeti chotero mtengo anakwana angapo akavalo ndi ngala zingapo za ng'ombe zing'onozing'ono.

Tabasaran makalapeti amasiyana moyo wautali zina, chinsinsi cha zomwe ndi chifukwa luso lapadera la zotsimikizira thonje apamwamba. Chifukwa chaichi, mkulu-ubweya wa nkhosa ndi kujambula izo mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi utoto chachilengedwe: mtedza makungwa chowawa, barberry.

M'mbuyomu, nyumba iliyonse inali ndi makina kwa kuluka. Ngati simunachite kutchula iwo, mosamala anawachotsa ndipo kusungidwa mpaka nthawi monga chofunika. Msungwanayu mu malowolo wa Tabasaran nthawi awiri lalikulu ndi limodzi pamphasa makalipeti yaing'ono. Pankhaniyi, munthu ayenera weaved manja ake, mu nkhani kwambiri Mkwatibwi anali kutenga nawo mbali mu chilengedwe chake.

Kale, kuti khalidwe makalipeti ndi Iye analola kuti tithamange akavalo, kumanzere kwa masiku ochepa mu mvula ndi dzuwa, nthawi zina akhathamiritsa. pamphasa anakhala mu mawonekedwe wapachiyambi: yekha ntchito luso ndikhoza kutsimikizira khalidwe la ntchito yawo. The makalipeti ndizo zabwino Tabasaran anatumikira eni zoposa zaka mazana atatu.

Kupanga makalapeti Tabasaranskiy

Akukhulupirira kuti Dagestani ndi Tabasaran makalapeti - chinthu chomwecho. Koma kum'mwera kwa Dagestan anasunga luso lopanga makalipeti. Ntchito molimba zachitika yekha ndi akazi. Pamphasa anatambasulira ntchito luso ndi anzanu, anansi, achibale. Zimachitika kuti makina limodzi ntchito ndi akazi asanu. Iwo amalankhula, kuimba nyimbo, kunena nthano zoseketsa, kulankhula. Nthawi zina pamphasa wina mankhwala analenga miyezi yoposa isanu. Pamphasa kuluka mfundo zingwe. Pa mfundo imodzi mu needlewoman akatswiri zimatengera kuti masekondi awiri, ndipo tsiku kugawana za zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu kalipeti zing'onozing'ono awerengedwe opitirira mamiliyoni atatu a uzelochki izi.

Pa nsalu, amene ali pakati pa nyumba, ndi kukokera ulusi woyera. Iwo akutumikira monga ngati chinsalu, chimene chitsanzo walukidwa. Pa mfundo imeneyi, ulusi Mipikisano wachikuda ayamba kumanga mfundo zomwe pang'onopang'ono kukhala mtundu wathunthu.

makalipeti Tufted anapachikidwa pa makoma kukongoletsa nyumba.

Napless pamphasa "poizoni Ivy" amene amafotokoza pansi, akuyima pakati zina njira yapadera kuluka. Kumbali n'zosiyana kukhala adalira ubweya yaitali (15 cm) timafupa. Chifukwa cha iwo, muofesiyo ndi zofewa ndi ofunda.

Pamene pamphasa walukidwa, izo ndi kutsukidwa fumbi anasonkhanitsa ndi zinyalala kupirira pabwalo. Akazi amene anagwira ntchito gawo ili, kuvina magule. mwambo limasonyeza mapeto a ntchito imeneyi mwakhama. Ovina popereka mphamvu zawo zabwino pamphasa. magule musalole amayi osakwatiwa ndi anthu amene sanali nawo chilengedwe chake.

Chojambula - chinthu chachikulu pamphasa

Pakuti Tabasaranskiy makalapeti amakonda pang'onopang'ono kumzindikira ndi melenkih dongosolo zidutswa zikuluzikulu. Kumbali ya m'dera makalipeti ndi kubwereketsa yaing'ono. Aliyense aikidwa mu lockets. Komanso anaika mkati polygons lapansi. Aliyense chitsanzo ang'ono ndi zokongoletsa zonse zazikulu olekanitsidwa malire ndi mtundu kukhuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala zojambula needlewomen nsalu mapini akuda ndi uzorchiki. Izi embossed ndi nthambi sitiroko chokongoletsera ndi maluwa.

Mu pakati pa makalapeti mulu movutikira kuwayika zojambula zikuluzikulu, zimene imakhudzana ndi masamba a mitengo. Pakati pa zodzikongoletsera kwambiri kukhomereza ang'onoang'ono kasinthidwe lolingana chithunzichi. Amachita mu mithunzi choyatsira kapena mdima mtundu. Pakati pa mbali yaikulu yokhotakhota maluwa zojambula ndi mawonekedwe mbalame. Onse a pamphasa chitsanzo amaphatikizidwa mu amodzi umodzi mwa liwiro sitiroko.

Safar

Safar - nyenyezi, chidwi kwambiri chitsanzo Tabasaranskiy makalapeti. Dzinali akusonyeza malo nyenyezi mu mzinda wa mankhwala pamphasa. Anali kukonda ulemerero wa antchito akatswiri aluso. Zimachitika kuti pakati kuwonjezera locket pang'ono, ngakhale pali zokongoletsa ndi opanda. Safar mawonekedwe akufanana ndi maluwa ndi pamakhala zolondola. Makalapeti, amene chokongoletsedwa ndi nyenyezi, chidwi cha zosiyanasiyana mitundu ntchito. zinthu zonse ndi nyenyezi kumunda kuti mosamalitsa umboni. Chigawo chapakati cha pamphasa nthawi zambiri kuchitidwe buluu ndi wofiira.

Merher

Ena otchuka pakati ambuye kuti yopanga makalapeti chitsanzo Tabasaranskiy merher ndondomeko ofanana sled lapansi. Pakati pa mankhwala aikidwa pa siteji ya medallions mu mawonekedwe a mabwalo ndi hexagons. kutalika kudutsa mizere pamphasa ogwirizana. Izi ophatikizana akalumikidzidwa zojambula amatikumbutsa silhouette tirigu. Nthawi zambiri m'mphepete pa m'mbali mwa medallions mbali kuti vyvyazyvayut zojambula chokhala chidole okoma. danga Unallocated ladzala ndi zinthu zazing'ono. Khaimah zimaonetsa ambiri zidutswa unatengera, pamphasa zikuwoneka olemera komanso yokongola. wamitundu, zochita zosiyanasiyana ndi zojambula mosamalitsa. Ochekenera - wosatsutsana analinso ulusi wabuluu, mitundu ofiira ndi woyera, yowala buluu mithunzi ubweya.

Turar, topancha, njuga ndi mfuti

Wotchuka kwambiri chitsanzo Tabasaranskiy makalapeti ndi Turar (njuga). Unatengera kanjedza mu chithunzi ichi imakonzedwa monga diagonally. Dzina amachokera kucheza ndi malupanga anawoloka kapena mfuti. zokongoletsera awa pamodzi medallions yaing'ono. Kuphatikiza chifukwa analenga mauna opendekera kuti ali pabwino wachibale m'mbali pa makona a madigiri 45. Pachikhalidwe, likulu ndi ku mizere itatu ya medallions ochepa, amene amaphatikizidwa dongosolo topancha. M'lifupi ndi kutalika mphasa aikidwa pakati pa atatu ndi asanu mizere zidutswa zikuluzikulu.

Mtundu wa chitsanzo imagwiridwa beige lagolide mithunzi, buluu, ndipo bulauni. Mu njuga kanjedza ntchito zimalimbikitsa buluu, wobiriwira, wofiira, thonje ndi wakuda. Ulesi danga needlewoman maziko nthawi zonse rosettes yaing'ono, kapena zokometsera zina. Mfundo yomaliza kapangidwe zojambula imatengedwa felemu undulating amene mtundu - woyera ndi dongosolo buluu.

Pamphasa Museum mu Derbent

Mu 1982, mzinda atatsegula Museum wa kuluka makalapeti. Ake anaika mu malo ya Chiameniya Mpingo, umene inamangidwa mu 1870. Popeza mbiri zaka chikwi kulenga makalapeti, kuwayika chionetserocho pakati pa mzinda amakopa alendo ambiri. Ambiri a iwo anabwera makamaka kuona weniweni Tabasaran pamphasa. Mtengo wa mankhwala akuyamba kuyambira rubles 10 000 pa mita lalikulu la pamphasa. Ndipo kuti anapatsidwa kuti utoto yokumba ntchito. The original Tabasaran pamphasa ntchito utoto zachilengedwe ofunika nthawi zambiri zodula. Today Tabasaran m'nyumba makalapeti Tingaone m'mamyuziyamu zabwino wa Paris, London, Tokyo. Nyumba ndi nyumba za mafumu a anthu oyamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ali chokongoletsedwa ndi nsalu nsalu. Pa ziwonetsero mayiko makalapeti mowirikiza kupeza n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi.

Moyo, osangalala ndipo sangalalani - ngati zofuna ambuye zimafalitsa dongosolo ndi pamphasa kupenta. Mukhoza maola akusuzumira mu chithunzi: munthu adzaona mitengo ndi mbalame pa izo, nkhope ena mlendoyo, kuyang'ana mu mtunda. Kenako wowerenga kuganizira phiri kudzuka, ndipo dziko loti m'tsinde mwa amene ali munthu ndi khasu ndi kulima dziko. Zikuoneka kuti aona zinthu zonse zabwino pa Tabasaranskiy makalapeti, Mwadzidzidzi pamaso panga chithunzi chimene anali poyamba ... Ndipo chithunzi kusintha kachiwiri ...