Mutu wa ntchitoyi - ndi chiyani ichi? Mutu ndi chinthu ntchito

Mutu ndi chinthu ntchito - siyana zofunika cognition. Pachithunzichi chinyezimiro cha zenizeni za asapita nkhani chinthu ntchito yake tingachite ndi zotsatira zoipa kwambiri kwa mamembala ake. M'nkhani kusiyanitsa mfundo izi ndi zitsanzo konkire.

Mbiri ya mapangidwe akuti

Mu mbiri ya chidziwitso cha kusiyana kwa maudindo udakali chabe ophunzira anaika mwambo kuyambira kale. Mutu wa ntchito - ndi maziko, mfundo yogwira ndondomeko iliyonse. Ngati tikulingalira akuti lachokera ku Latin "subjectus" - lagona pa maziko a ena mfundo, n'zotheka kumasulira mfundo de A jure monga mfundo yogwira chilichonse chamoyo: kutsitsimuka, chikhalidwe ndi anthu. Pakuti Aristotle, mfundo phunziro ntchito m'lingaliro chinthu chachikulu, chiyambi Mtheradi wa gulu lililonse ndi chitukuko.

Only ndi nzeru zapamwamba chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri m'ma Mnazareti Dekart anayambitsa chitsutso cha mfundo ziwiri cognition. Phunziro - amene amadziwa, chinthu - chinachake chimene imatsogoleredwa ntchito. Mawu epistemological mtengo kumunda ndi ntchito panopa. Izi koposa zonse, potengera maganizo.

Zomveka - nzeru za kugwirizana kwa maganizo. Ndipo Dziwani kuti nthawi zina wosalakwa pa Koyamba, kuganiza zolakwika kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu. Kusadziwa udindo ndi kufunika kwa nkhaniyi zamoyo padziko lonse mu mitundu ya cikhalidwe - waukulu olakwika anthu.

Kodi nkhani ya ntchito

Tiyeni tione tanthauzo la makono a akuti m'minda osiyana wa ntchito.

• M'njira nzeru zaumunthu, nkhani ya ntchito - ndi munthu mwakhama kuphunzira za chowonadi (chinthu) ndipo amasintha mu kuphunzira.
• M'munda sociological, nkhani kumachititsa munthu, gulu, anthu, ndipo anthu onse, kuti ali, aliyense membala wa mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe.
• The bungwe lalamulo ndi phindu ubale chonyamulira, anapatsidwa ufulu ndi udindo kwa anthu ena a anthu. Zimenezi zingakhale munthu makamaka kapena chilli.
• Mu maganizo, phunziro amachita munthu, chotengera cha makhalidwe maganizo ndi katundu.

Akamanena za kuchuluka chilengedwe cholinga akanali yemweyo: nkhani - yolimbikira ntchito mfundo amalandira chinthu nzeru ndi chitukuko othandiza zenizeni ozungulira.

Chinthu ntchito: Kodi makhalidwe?

Ngati nkhaniyo amanyamula mfundo yogwira, chinthu chimene nkhani ya ntchito yomwe inakhazikitsidwa. Mu mbiri ya nzeru Iye anazindikira mbali mwakhama wa munthu, chabe - dziko owazungulira. Chifukwa Mnjira luso kuganiza ndi zilandiridwenso anali munthu poyambirira analembedwa ndi chiyambi cha Wasintho m'chilengedwe. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi zachilengedwe ndi kumvetsetsa malamulo a sayansi zikusintha udindo wa chinthu mwa kuphunzira. Mphamvu ya kukana pa mbali ya chinthu ndi anapatsidwanso ntchito ndipo amagwira nawonso, pa phunziro la chidziwitso. Komanso, nkhani ndi chinthu ntchito pa zimene mwina anyamata. Choncho chidziwitso ayenera kupita ku mfundo za mgwirizano si kumvetsetsa za lathu liniya za chinthu pa mbali ya munthu, koma mu mgwirizano dialectical wa ophunzira kuphunzira ndondomeko.

Man monga phunziro la zochitika

Great wakusintha chikoka mu ndondomeko cognition zachilengedwe ndi munthu. Ndipo iye zikuoneka ngati nkhani ya ntchito. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi - zonse m'mbiri ya sayansi. Chifukwa cha zochita za anthu ndi chitukuko.

Komano, munthu monga nzika ya chidziwitso ndi yaikulu ya zimene zimachitika lonse la maphunziro a zaumunthu. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi izi muja chinthu chidziwitso. Metamorphosis kusinthika anthu a nkhaniyi chinthu ubiquitous. Izi mosavuta anafotokoza ndi chikhalidwe cha munthuyo.

Iye ali mbali ya chilengedwe, njira kuli kanthu mwadongosolo. Ndipo lingaliro limeneli, ndi kuchita chikhalidwe, munthu yekha ndi chinthu kafukufuku ndi yogwira kusintha. Mgwirizano dialectical mfundo ziwiri - yogwira, kungokhala chete ndi otembenuka, zosadziwika ndi injini kwambiri patsogolo.

Umunthu mu nkhani chinthu ubale

─ chizindikiro cha munthu uyu, kudziletsa anazindikira mwa prism a anthu. Munthu amene anabadwa payekha ndi osakaniza yapadera makhalidwe chinkafunika ndi umoyo maganizo, chitadutsa magawo angapo mu ndondomeko yake chitukuko, pamaso amakhala munthu. Choyamba, ndi banja ndi malo m'deralo, amene amapereka mawonekedwe woyamba wa mfundo ndi malamulo a anthu. Ndiye, sukulu ya mkaka, sukulu, kuphunzira ntchito ....

Izi magawo a lomenyera anthu pa chilichonse siteji kulola anthu kuzindikira bwino payekha awo ndi kukhala ndi mlengi yogwira zenizeni. Umunthu monga nzika ya ntchito ndi boma kubadwa ─ gawo mukadzakula. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ingathandize anthu ufulu wawo, koma udindo ndi kunyamula udindo wonse kwa anthu a.

A mzere chabwino ndi zoopsa kwambiri

Kuli kofunika kumvetsa zimene ndi nkhani ya ntchito, kodi chofunika terminology ngati kwenikweni, ndipo ngati nkhani uyu ndi woyenera?

Tiyeni titsegule ku chenicheni. A nthawi pang'ono zapita kuyambira apo, malamulowo zinachitika chisokonezo chachikulu mu zachikunja, fanizo limene ndi nkhani ya anthu athu "zithunzi". Takumbukirani nthaŵi imene munthu ndi lamulo lalikhulu ladziko anatumizidwa udindo wa chinthu. The Party Communist anali amphamvu ndi maganizo akuti: "Maganizo ulemu ndi chikumbumtima cha lothandiza wathu" zodziwika bwino ntchito za nkhaniyi. Zofunika anakhazikitsako motere: boma, anthu, anthu. Kuti ndi munthu monga nzika ya ntchito anali mu malo otsiriza mu mndandanda kwambiri m'dziko. A mfundo zazikulu makhalidwe abwino yasiyidwa kwa chipani ziwembu zopulula. Mavuto nthawi imeneyi zimasungika, ndipo pa nthawiyo, munthu imatengedwa ngati njira zolinga iliyonse.

nkhani sitinabadwe, iwo

Monga tanena okha msinkhu wololedwa munthu wayamba kuonekera pamene nkhaniyo ikuchitika. Mwachitsanzo - maphunziro sekondale. zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu - zapadera limene kuyamba kuwerenga wamkulu ndi ufulu. mzere uwu, amene atsegula ufulu wosankha munthu, mmodzi wa makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe cha munthuyo. Nthawi imeneyi, munthu payekhapayekha wasankha pa akatswiri kukhalanso.

Age pakhomo kuti akula - yekha chikhalidwe analandira msonkhano. Monga ulamuliro, pali kuchotserapo, ndipo ngakhale mwana zingakhudze dziko mphamvu ya luntha lake kapena mwapang'ono, monga chithumwa munthu. Zimachitika kuti ndi umunthu wa mwanayo Mzimuyo kusankha zinthu zofunika pa banja ndipo zimakhudza mapangidwe makhalidwe abwino m'banja. Pankhaniyi, mwanayo amakhala ophunzira mwakhama liwulo maziko ndipo nthawizina bajeti, ndi banja mu nkhani iyi, ndi kwa iye yekha sing'anga wa maphunziro, komanso chinthu chikoka.

chilengedwe maphunziro

Pedagogical dongosolo la anthu Soviet ─ anapereka chitsanzo chabwino cha ubale kwa wophunzira ngati malo maphunziro. Maphunziro malinga ndi muyezo wa amafuna yunifolomu ─ kutsatira mfundo za dongosolo la maphunziro. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu wakhala yosaoneka. Vuto la kusalaza phunziro la chidziwitso - payekha - wakhala vuto wamba a anthu. Kuti asamalire membala yabwino ya anthu n'kofunika kuti dongosolo palokha limapereka ufulu wamaganizo, kusankha khalidwe munthu kusonyeza kalembedwe umunthu wake, maziko munthu. Nkhani ya ntchitoyi - ndi aphunzitsi ake. Ndi kuthekera nawo mwakhama tanthauzo la mapulogalamu ndi mawonekedwe a maphunziro, kasamalidwe gulu ana. Only chonchi m'malo angaukitsidwe kukhala ndi nkhani ya m'tsogolo, onse ammudzi ndi anthu onse maka-.

Khalidwe sakonda ndi phunziro

Mawu akuti "nkhani" nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tanthauzo negative. Ndipo ndi chibadwa. Ntchito akhoza kukhala mwina ndi "kuphatikiza" chizindikiro, ndipo chizindikiro "opanda". M'munda wa ntchito sakonda ndi phunziro kwa chigawenga. aliyense wa anthu, amene wakhala akuchita sakonda khalidwe. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi, munthu angasonyeze mwachangu mphamvu, umalimbana ndi chiwonongeko cha anthu. Pamaziko a chikhulupiriro (zochita za zigawenga), udindo (ulamuliro chigawenga), kudalira maganizo (uchidakwa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi dependencies ena) ndi zina khalidwe oletsedwa. Pankhaniyi komanso mosavuta chikusokosera mzere pakati pa nkhani ndi chinthu ntchito. Popeza munthu yekha ndi mbali yofunika ndipo indivisible mgwirizano ndi dziko loyandikira, ndipo chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa yogwira okha ndi phunziro.

chilli udindo

Popeza mawonetseredwe mfundo za munthu ngati nkhaniyo ili imakhudzira chilengedwe ndi kusintha kwake, ali ndi udindo zotsatira zimenezi. ─ nkhani ya ntchito ndi munthu amene ali ndi udindo pa mavuto ake. Pa mfundo za malamulo achilengedwe, "Mphamvu ya wofanana mphamvu ya kutsutsa" phunziro afika zimene amapereka kwa anthu ndi chikhalidwe. Chifukwa kusankha mitundu khalidwe - izo ndi kuzindikira bwino awo mmadera kapena kukana pofuna amenewa.

Man ndi Nature

mwapadera udindo wa mwamuna ndi chilengedwe, pamene kumaonekera monga phunziro la ntchito. Ndi maganizo ake kwa adziwe malo, zimakhudza kusintha yogwira chilengedwe chidwi anthu.

Nthawi zambiri, ngozi za kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi zotsatira za masuku pamutu ankhanza zachilengedwe akupereka njira ndi mawerengedwe wanzeru ndi phindu lenileni. Zikatero, inu mukhoza kulankhula khalidwe zopanda nzeru za nkhaniyi ndipo sizikugwirizana zofuna za nkhaniyi ndi chinthu m'kati mogwirizana.

Nature mu nkhani iyi, iye adziwonetsa mawonekedwe a chiwonongeko nkhani ya ntchito. Kudziŵa ufulu ndi udindo ─ muyezo waukulu awiri ingatithandize kuzindikira zotsatira za ntchito anthu mu chikhalidwe. Apa ife anafufuza "nkhani" ndi ganizo la "chinthu".