Kodi kuika kutsindika ku Latin?

Monga amadziwika, chinenero Latin m'dziko masiku ano akufa. Ndiko kuti, silikunena. Koma zonse zinachitika kuti chinenero ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito terminology zachipatala. philologist iliyonse komanso kuchita popanda chidziwitso cha chinenero, osachepera pulayimale: kuwerenga ndi penmanship. Kutsindika chinenero Latin - la makhalidwe zikuluzikulu phonetic. Ndicho za izo, m'nkhani ino.

Mbiri ya chinenero

chinenero Latin wa banja m'mayiko a ku Ulaya. Iye chikutchedwa fuko la Latins okhala kudera ting'onoting'ono Italy - Latium.

Latin anakhala chinenero mu madera ambiri a ku Ulaya komanso ku Africa North mbali ya Asia. Mu BC II atumwi. e. pali mwagwirizana patsogolo a zinenero Greek ndi Latin, chifukwa mu nthawi ino Greece anagonjetsedwa ndi Rome. Iwo zogwirizana kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ngongole mawu Greek ku Latin ndi Greek mankhwala terminology.

The chinenero Latin amakhalabe ndiwo kwa chilengedwe yokumba mawu atsopano a mankhwala m'zinenero zamakono.

Zaka mazana Latin Europe anakhalabe chinenero cha sayansi ndi chikhalidwe. ndi kuchuluka kwa mabuku iwo unalengedwa (mbiri yakale, zamulungu, sayansi ndi nzeru zaumunthu Mfundo, ndakatulo).

Lophunzira ngakhale asang'ambe wodzazidwa Latin Inde adzalola kuti mosavuta kufufuza wakale chinenero Greek, ndi kumvetsa mawu ndi dongosolo kalembedwe ka chinenero Latin kungathandize kwambiri kuthandiza kuphunzira zilankhulo Romance (Spanish, French, Chitaliyana), ndi German (German, English). Latin unakopedwa ndi Russian, amene mawu a Latinisms ambiri.

Latin inakhala maziko a chilengedwe a manenedwe onse Romance. Ndi zilankhulo zina European atagonjetsa ambiri a chinenero Latin, makamaka chifukwa cha sayansi, mankhwala, chikhalidwe ndi cholowa aluntha.

The kalembedwe ka chinenero Latin momveka bwino, achidule ndi mokulira, lilipo chifukwa kuloŵerera mwamsanga. Ndi pafupifupi chinenero okha mu dziko kuti chotere coherent ndi ndondomeko ya galamala. Latin terminology wakhala wamba mu zilankhulo dziko. chilankhulo akufotokozera ganizo zinenero kumathandiza kuti mawu olondola kwambiri malingaliro awo ndi malingaliro m'chinenero chawo. Nzosadabwitsa maganizo onse aakulu a zaka zapitazi m'gulu chinenero mu maphunziro awo mokakamizidwa.

Masiku ano, maphunziro zachipatala ndi philological sizingatheke usanachimvetse ndizosowa Latin. Kuphunzira chinenero n'kofunika kwambiri pokonza akatswiri amenewa.

Ndipo njira zawo, kawirikawiri anayamba kumvetsa zapansi phonetic, mmodzi amene ndi ka ku Latin.

malamulo

Kumbali ya kuphunzira Latin si chinenero chophweka alipo mu dziko. Koma chifukwa choti si moyo onyamula. Ku maganizo a zilankhulo ndi wosavuta, ndithudi, ngati inu mosamala kuyang'ana mu zinthu zonse.

Tingasiyanitsire malamulo atatu okha ka ku Latin:

1. Mu Latin ka sangakhoze konse anaika pa syllable lomaliza.
2. Maganizo imagwera pa syllable penultimate, koma ngati yaitali; ngati mwachidule penultimate, ndiye anapereka wachitatu kuchokera kumapeto.
3. Kutsindika konse kuvala syllable lachitatu.

Ndi zimenezo! Atatu wodzichepetsa malamulo amene saiwalika. Koma pamene iwo kuwerenga, iwo athanso kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kodi chiwerengero cha syllables?
• Kutanthauza syllable yaitali?
• Kodi lalifupi syllable?
• Kodi syllable-malire?

Kwenikweni mafunso awa, pali mayankho lophweka.

Kodi kudziwa chiwerengero cha syllables

Statement ya kupanikizika chinenero Latin zimadalira masitayeloŵa. kalembedwe ndi chiyani? Izi ndi zochepa unit wa chinenero katchulidwe. Ndiko kuti, wosachita tanthauzo, koma imangokhala osakaniza phokoso osiyana.

Monga mu zinenero zina zambiri, chiwerengero cha syllables ku Latin, anatsimikiza ndi nambala ya mavawelo mu mawu. Koma palinso Latin diphthongs, ie, osakaniza phokoso iwiri yokhudza kusintha kwa za mawu amodzi kwa soundtypes wina. Kunena mwachidule, awiri a, e, osati zilembo kulekanitsidwa.

Izi chodabwitsa zinenero zimakhala zosokoneza pamene inu angoyamba kumene kuphunzira chinenero. Koma diphthong ndi syllable wina, ngakhale tichipeza mavawelo.

Mwachitsanzo, kum'mero. M'mawu awa syllables anayi, pamene mavawelo asanu. Diphthong TH - izi ndi syllable limodzi! Ndi kufanizira:

• auris - 2 syllable diphthong au;
• vertebrae - 3 syllable diphthong AE;
• foetor - 2 syllable, diphthong TH.

Kodi syllable-malire

Kumvetsa mmene syllable-malire, muyenera internalize malamulo onse naini. Zikuthandizaninso molondola kuika ka ku Latin.

syllable-malire:

1. Pakati mavawelo (kukachitika kuti nkhabe kupanga diphthong). Mwachitsanzo, tu-a.
2. Pamaso za mawu limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, simi-ndi (note: n'zimene pamaso pa za mawu sikuthandiza qu).
3. Pakati pa zilembo ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo, jus-tus (kuchotserapo: kuphatikiza kwa chete (d, T, ga, K , b, p) osalala (r Mukhoza, l).
4. Isanafike kuphatikiza "qu". Napriemr, odana quus.
5. Pakati pa diphthong ndi mawu. Mwachitsanzo, europae-um.
6. Isanafike kuphatikiza mawu pang'ono ndi yosalala. Mwachitsanzo, tene-brae.
7. Mwa gulu la zilembo zitatu kapena zambiri (kukumbukira kuti kuphatikiza kwa chete ndi yosalala indivisible). Mwachitsanzo, mons-trum.
8. Pambuyo ndi manambala oyambirira-manambala oyambirira. Mwachitsanzo, mu-structio.
9. Pambuyo kalata "Y" imene ili pakati mavawelo. Mwachitsanzo, pej-ife.

syllables lalifupi

Pa nthawi kapena yochepa phokoso, kaya katchulidwe ake. Koma kwambiri zokhudza malamulo a atakhala kumvera pa kulankhula chinenero Latin.

Choncho, syllable imatchedwa mwachidule:

• ngati lili kutsogolo kwa gulu la mavawelo. Mwachitsanzo, atr ine um. M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti za mawu patsogolo za mawu ndi nthawi yochepa!
• ngati anaika pamaso "H" kalata. Mwachitsanzo, extr ndi la ho.

Mtundu wa mwachidule zikumveka udindo. Koma palinso anthu amene lalifupi mu chikhalidwe. Kuti, mbiri anali kutchulidwa yaitali (nthetemya) mavawelo yaitali. Kawirikawiri iwo anasankha alembe theka-bwalo "chipewa". Mwachitsanzo, Vol U cre.

syllables yaitali

Inde, ngati likukhalira, si mophweka izi Latin! Maganizo kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Kuphatikizapo longitude ndi syllables lalifupi, kutsegula ake ndi kutseka (kukumbukira kuti syllable lotseguka itha za mawu ndi, anatseka ndi consonant, monga chinenero cha Chirasha).

Choncho, syllable ndi yaitali:

• ngati lili diphthong (digraph). Mwachitsanzo, crat AE GUS.
• ngati ili patsogolo pa kuwundana consonant. Mwachitsanzo, mphika mauthenga ntilla.
• ngati ali pabwino kutsogolo kwa mmodzi wa consonant "×" kapena "Z". Mwachitsanzo, refl mauthenga xus.

Nkofunika kukumbukira zotsatirazi! Consonant ndi, b, r Mukhoza, T, anthu d osakaniza L, r Mukhoza sadzachititsa longitude wa za mawu wapitawu. Mwachitsanzo, vert mauthenga kamisolo, anh Y drus . phokoso odzipatulira ali mwachidule!

Pankhani ya longitude phokoso (choncho syllable) alinso mbiri zosiyanasiyana. Kalata iwo anasonyeza pansipa. Mwachitsanzo, ndiri cus.

homonyms

tsa chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani mu kuphunzira Latin, chidwi chodabwitsa homonyms. Malamulo a chinenero cha Chirasha tonse tikudziwa kuti mawu zofanana mu kalembedwe koma osiyana tanthauzo. Koma chinenero chimene chinkalankhulidwa ndi anthu ambiri a ku Russia, chirichonse chiri bwino. Koma Latin akhoza kubweretsa kwambiri zodabwitsa pankhaniyi.

chakuti m'litali ndi kufupika kwa phokoso si nthawi zonse anasonyeza kalatayo. M'chilankhulo pali mawu ambiri, homonyms, zomwe, malingana ndi kuika maganizo, kusintha tanthauzo lexical.

Mwachitsanzo, malum - zoipa (yaitali za mawu), mita ndi lum - apulo (chidule za mawu).

Osati kuti zolakwa zonse, muyenera kudziwa m'mene mutsindika chinenero Latin, longitude ndi phokoso yochepa.

Tiyeni tione mawu angapo. Pamene pali kalembedwe mawonekedwe pa kalata, tanthauzo lexical mawu losavuta kumvetsa. Mwachitsanzo,

• occ Ine dit - kupha (atalonjeza longitude);
• occ Ine dit - amachepetsa (chomwenso ndi kufupika kwa).

Pamene kupulumutsa chizindikiro kumeneko, chirichonse zambiri zovuta.

Mwaiwala zimene malamulo

Kupanikizika Latin chifukwa chiwerengero cha malamulo. Koma monga ife tikudziwira, pali nthawi zina kuchotserapo kwa iwo. Mu Latin, iwo amaonera mawu amene anabwera kuchokera kunja, i.e., yobwereka. Ambiri mwa mawu awa anachokera Chigiriki.

Iwo ali syllable wachiwiri kuchokera kumapeto a za mawu pamaso za mawu anali anatsindika. diphthongs Greek mu latinization inasanduka mavawelo yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, Achillea (yarrow), giganteus (Giant).

Gulu lotsatira mawu lilibe zokhudzana neologisms, mayina a amene anabwereka kuchokera m'zinenero zamakono. Nthawi zambiri, iwo akhoza mutsindika osati pa malamulo onse.

zitsanzo

Tsopano ife tisanthule mwatsatanetsatane mfundo za staging ndi ka ku Latin. Zitsanzo kudzakuthandizani kumvetsa zonse nkhaniyi komaliza.

• B E NE - mawu ongokhala syllables awiri (chifukwa mavawelo), kotero Impact choyamba.
• A rma - pa mfundo yomweyo.
• Nat u Patara - ndi polysyllabic mawu (syllables atatu, chifukwa mavawelo atatu), ndi syllable chachiwiri poyera ndi yaitali, kotero maganizo imagwera pa iye.
• P u blicus - nkhawa imagwera pa antepenult, kuyambira syllable chachiwiri ndi yaifupi.
• Mphika mauthenga ntia - mawu ongokhala syllables anayi (mavawelo zinayi), kupanikizika imagwera pa syllable wachitatu kuchokera kumapeto, chifukwa syllable pamaso pake - yochepa.
• EUR Inu pa - mawu ongokhala syllables atatu (kuphatikiza ndi diphthong EU), amatsimikiza pa syllable chachiwiri, chifukwa yotsirizira - yochepa ndi lotseguka.