Nchito ndi nyumba M'mimbamo m'kamwa

Pakamwa mngelo aliyense wamoyo - ndi zovuta biomechanical dongosolo, kumupatsa chakudya, motero kukhalapo. Mu zamoyo apamwamba, pakamwa, kapena, kuziyika izo mu njira ya sayansi, pakamwa, ali ndi zina katundu zofunika - zvukoproiznosheniya. Kapangidwe ka m'kamwa mwa munthu povuta kwambiri kuti kwakhudza ntchito kulankhulana ndi zingapo zochititsa zokhudzana ndi kakulidwe ka thupi la munthu.

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya M'mimbamo m'kamwa

zamoyo zonse, kuphatikizapo anthu, mkamwa ndi dipatimenti loyamba dongosolo m'mimba. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri ndi wamba kwa ambiri a ntchito wogwila, ziribe kanthu zomwe mawonekedwe iye anabwera ndi chikhalidwe. Anthu, ndi kusiyana chimene chingaipitse ambiri lotseguka. Pakamwa, ife akathyole kapena kutenga chakudya ndi kuligwira pansi, pogaya, mochuluka wetting ndi malovu, ndipo anakankhira mu kholingo Ndipotu, ndi chubu dzenje kudzera zomwe chakudya kwenda m'mimba kwa processing. Koma chiyambi cha chimbudzi akuyamba pakamwa. N'chifukwa chake, anthu akale anati, kangati prozhuesh, adzakhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri.

Ntchito yachiwiri kukamwa katchulidwe ka phokoso. Munthu si nkhani, komanso zikugwirizana ndi osakaniza zovuta. Choncho, kapangidwe ka M'mimbamo m'kamwa mwa anthu zambiri zovuta kwambiri kuposa aja a abale athu.

Ntchito yachitatu m'kamwa - nawo ndondomeko ya kupuma. Pali udindo m'gulu yekha mpweya wambiri mbali ndi kutumiza iwo Airways pamene, pakuti chirichonse zifukwa, sangathe kulimbana ndi mphuno uyu ndi gawo la zokambirana.

Kapangidwe anatomical

Tsiku lirilonse tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbali zonse za mkamwa, ndipo ena mwa iwo kuganizira mobwerezabwereza. Mu sayansi angapo dongosolo concretized wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Photo chimasonyeza kuti chimaimira.

Madokotala chiwindi olekanitsidwa zigawo ziwiri, wotchedwa pakhomo la mkamwa ndi M'mimbamo yake.

Mu mothamanga-mmwamba ali matupi Link (masaya, milomo) ndipo mkati (m'kamwa, mano). Ndiko kunena kuti, pakhomo m'kamwa otchedwa m'kamwa mphanga.

Pakamwa ali ngati malo kumbali zonse okha matupi ndi madera awo. Pansi - pansi ndi pakamwa pathu, pamwamba m'kamwa, kutsogolo - ndi m'kamwa ndi mano, kumbuyo tonsils, ndi malire pakati pa kamwa ndi pakhosi, masaya laterally, pakati pa chinenero. Mbali mkati m'kamwa okutidwa ndi Kakhungu mucous.

milomo

thupi ili, zomwe amachita chidwi kwambiri ndi kugonana ofooka, toera itonge kugonana mphamvu Ndipotu, ndi minofu wophatikizidwa makutu kuzungulira pakamwa kudula. Anthu, iwo ali nawo kusunga chakudya kubwera m'kamwa, mu mapangidwe oganiza kayendedwe nkhope. Kuonetsetsa chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi milomo, dongosolo limene pafupifupi chimodzimodzi ndi tichipeza zigawo zitatu:

- Panja - yokutidwa lathyathyathya keratinizing stratified epithelium.

- wapakatikati - ali zigawo zingapo, kunja kwa amene nyanga. Iye ali wochepa thupi kwambiri ndi poyela. Kudzera capillaries mwangwiro translucent, zomwe zimabweretsa pinki yofiira mlomo mtundu. Kodi cutaneous wosanjikiza tentha mthupi wobwezera mucosa, ndi kuchuluka kwa molekezera mitsempha anaikira (makumi angapo nthawi lalikulu kuposa nsonga chala), ndipo milomo Choncho ankaganizira kwambiri anthu.

- Mucous, omwe ali kumbuyo kwa pakamwa. Iwo ali zambiri ducts wa zopangitsa malovu (labial). Limafotokoza kuti neorogovevayuschy epithelium.

Mucous mlomo akudutsa mu mucosa wa m'kamwa ndi mapangidwe makutu awiri kotenga, wotchedwa kuzomangira pakamwa chapamwamba mlomo ndipo m'munsi.

Malire a mlomo wa mmunsi ndi chibwano ndi yopingasa chibwano-labial mzere.

Border wa mlomo chapamwamba ndi masaya ndi makutu nasolabial.

Milomo olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake mu ngodya m'kamwa adhesions labial.

masaya

Kapangidwe m'kamwa kumaphatikizapo wophatikizidwa limba, onse amene akudziwika monga tsaya. Iwo anawagawa lamanja ndi lamanzere, chilichonse mbali akunja ndi amkati. Lakunja khungu zofewa ataphimbidwa ndi woonda, mkati neorogovevayuschy mucous m'kupita mu mucosa a usinini. Komanso masaya ali ndi thupi mafuta. Makanda, umagwira ntchito yotamandika mu ndondomeko ya wakuyamwa kwambiri otukuka. Akuluakulu, thupi mafuta flattens ndi amasuntha kumbuyo. Mankhwala ilo likutchedwa PAD mafuta a Bichat. Maziko a buccal minofu tsaya. Zopangitsa mu submucosa wa masaya pang'ono. ducts awo kutsegula mu mucosa lapansi.

m'kamwa

Mbali imeneyi ya M'mimbamo ndi lofunikira kugawa pakati M'mimbamo m'kamwa ndi m'mphuno komanso pakati pa mphuno mbali ya pharynx ndi. M'kamwa ntchito kwenikweni kokha mapangidwe phokoso. The kutafuna izo kumathandiza kwambiri kuyambira anataya mawu ake bwino makutu yopingasa (makanda yoonekera). Komanso, mbali ya zida m'kamwa articulation kupereka kuluma. Kusiyanitsa m'kamwa molimbika ndi zofewa.

Pa mlandu 2/3 la olimba. Iwo aumbike mwa mbale ya Palatine fupa ndi njira mafupa maxillary zinaphatikizidwa pamodzi. Ngati pa zifukwa zina palibe splice, mwana wabadwa ndi anomaly otchedwa abadwe. Choncho m'mphuno ndi m'kamwa M'mimbamo si wogawanika. Popanda thandizo apadera ngati mwana afa.

Mucous pa chitukuko yachibadwa ichokere pamodzi ndi m'kamwa chapamwamba ndi kusuntha bwino pa m'kamwa zofewa, ndi patsogolo fupa alveolar mu nsagwada chapamwamba, kupanga m'kamwa chapamwamba.

Mu m'kamwa zofewa chimachititsa 1/3 okha, koma ali ndi zotsatira kwambiri pa kapangidwe wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa, pharynx. Ndipotu, m'kamwa zofewa - ndi khola enieni mucous, ngati makatani akulendewera pamwamba pa muzu wa lilime. Amalekanitsa pakamwa ku pharynx ndi. Mu likulu la "nsalu" ndi otrostochek yaing'ono, wotchedwa lilime. Izi zimathandiza kupanga phokoso.

Pa "nsalu" m'mbali zokha uta kutsogolo (palatal-lingual) ndipo kumbuyo (palatal-pharyngeal). Pakati pawo pali dzenje anapanga kumene kudzikundikira maselo lymphoid minofu (Palatine tonsil). The 1 cm kwa izo ili carotid mtsempha wamagazi.

chilankhulo

thupi ili amagwira ntchito zambiri:

- kutafuna (woyamwa makanda);

- zvukoobrazovatelnuyu;

- malovu;

- adazindikira kukoma.

The mawonekedwe a lilime anthu zimakhudza kapangidwe wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa, ndi uliri zinchito. chilankhulo n'kopanda muzu ndi thupi kukhala kumbuyo (mbali akukumana m'kamwa). chilankhulo thupi mitanda ya poyambira kotenga, m'malo kugwirizana ake ku muzu wa grooves ndi yopingasa. Pansi lilime ndi khola wapadera, wotchedwa frenulum. Pafupi zili ducts wa zopangitsa ndi malovu.

Mucous stratified epithelium kuphimba lilime, limene ndi kukoma zolandilira Prostate ndi lymph mapangidwe. Top, mapeto ndi mbali ya makumi lilime papillae utaphimbidwa, mu mawonekedwe a fungiform mbali, filiform, conical, tsamba, yosema. Pamizu ya lilime papillae, koma pali masango maselo lymphatic amapanga tonsils chinenero.

Mano ndi m'kamwa

Awiriwa mbali inakula ndi chikoka chachikulu pa dongosolo makamaka wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa. mano anthu kuyamba kukhazikitsa mu siteji umawonongeka. A akhanda aliyense nsagwada ali 18 follicles (10 mkaka mano ndi 8 mbadwa). Iwo anakonza mizere iwiri: labial ndi lingual. The m'chigulugulu ndi maonekedwe a mano mwana, pamene mwana anatembenukira kwa miyezi 6 mpaka 12. m'badwo pamene ponseponse mano mwana akugwa, ngakhale zambiri anatambasula - kuchokera zaka 6 mpaka 12. The wamkulu akhale kwa mano 28 32. Fewer kungasokoneze processing chakudya ndi, monga Motero, pa mundawo m'mimba, monga izo zinali mano zimapezeka mu chakudya kutafuna. Komanso, iwo ali nawo ufulu kupanga phokoso. Kapangidwe ka aliyense wa mano (amakani kapena yamkaka) ndi zikuphatikizapo chomwecho muzu, korona ndi khomo pachibelekeropo. Muzu ndi alveolus mano pa mapeto a orifice ting'onoting'ono kudzera amene dzino anayesedwa mitsempha, mitsempha, ndi misempha. munthu unapangidwa mitundu 4 mano, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ena korona:

- cutters (a pang'ono ndi kudula pamwamba);

- mano (conical);

- premolars (chowulungika, ali ndi yaing'ono kutafuna pamwamba ndi dimples awiri);

- lalikulu muzu (kiyubiki ndi 3-5 timabamputimabampu).

mano khomo lachiberekero zatenga malo aang'ono pakati korona ndi mizu ndi m'kamwa anaphimba. Pakati pake penipeni, ndi chingamu - ndi nembanemba mucous. Kapangidwe lawo kumaphatikizapo:

- interdental papilla;

- gingival malire;

- m'dera alveolar;

- kusuntha chingamu.

M'kamwa zigwirizana wa epithelium multilayered ndi mbale.

maziko awo enieni ndi stroma, wopangidwa mwa kuchuluka kwa kolajeni ulusi kuti kupereka zoyenera snug kwa mano ndi mucosa zolondola mastication ndondomeko.

tizilombo

Kapangidwe ka m'kamwa ndi m'kamwa M'mimbamo sati kwathunthu kuwuluridwa ngati osanenapo mabiliyoni tizilombo, amene m'kupita kwa zamoyo m'kamwa munthu sanali nyumba, ndi chilengedwe chonse. M'kamwa mwathu wokongola mpaka zinthu zazing'ono zikomo bioform mbali yake zotsatirazi:

- khola, mmene, kutentha akadakwanitsira;

- zonse mkulu chinyezi;

- chilengedwe alkalescent;

- pafupifupi nthawi zonse kukhalapo kwa zakudya chaulere.

Ana omwe tabadwira mu dziko kuyambira majeremusi m'kamwa mwako kuti kusamukira ku kubadwa ngalande pobereka mu nthawi yaifupi kuperekedwa, mpaka ana awo. Mu kulamulira tsogolo ikuyenda pa mlingo zodabwitsa, ndi mwezi ndi tizilombo m'kamwa mwa mwanayo, pali mitundu yambiri khumi ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Akuluakulu, chiwerengero cha mitundu mabakiteriya mkamwa zimasiyanasiyana 160 mpaka 500, ndipo chiwerengero chawo umalandira mabiliyoni ambiri. Osati ntchito osachepera mu izi ankaimba zikuluzikulu dongosolo kuthetsa wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Only mano (makamaka unpeeled ndi odwala), ndipo pafupifupi zopezeka mu zolengeza mano amene ali mamiliyoni tizilombo.

Pakati mabakiteriya awa ndi ofala, amene ali mtsogoleri pakati streptococci (60%).

Kuwonjezera iwo m'kamwa moyo bowa (makamaka candida) ndi mavairasi.

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya mucosa m'kamwa

Against malowedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu minofu m'kamwa amateteza mucosa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito yake yaikulu - woyamba kulandira kuwawa kwa mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya.

komanso atseka pakamwa minofu mwangozi kutentha, zinthu zoipa ndi kuvulala makina.

Kupatula zodzitetezera Kakhungu mucous imagwira ntchito ina yofunika - secretory.

Mbali structural wa mucosa m'kamwa ngati kuti wosanjikiza ake submucous oyenerera maselo glandular. Iwo apanga masango ang'onoang'ono a zopangitsa malovu. Iwo mosalekeza ndi zonse moisturize nembanemba mucous, kuonetsetsa kukhazikitsa ntchito zake zoteteza.

Malinga ndi zimene zigawo chimakwirira mucosa, kungakhale pamwamba wosanjikiza kapena keratinizing epithelium (25%), ndi neorogovevayuschy (60%) ndi kusakaniza (15%).

Keratinizing epithelium yokutidwa yekha molimba m'kamwa ndi m'kamwa, chifukwa iwo ali nawo kutafuna ndi kucheza ndi makombo olimba chakudya.

Neorogovevayuschy epithelium chimakwirira masaya, m'kamwa zofewa, ndondomeko yake - lilime, kuti anthu m'kamwa, zimene zimafunika kusinthasintha.

Kapangidwe ndi a onse epithelium limapangidwa zigawo 4. The awiri a iwo, woyambira ndi prickly, ndi onse.

Pa Stratum malo lachitatu akuchita wosanjikiza granular, ndi nyanga wachinayi (maselo popanda mtima m'menemo ndipo pafupifupi palibe magazi).

Pa neorogovevayuschy wosanjikiza lachitatu wapakatikati, ndipo lachinayi - pamwamba. Iwo anati kudzikundikira maselo leukocyte, amene nawonso amakhudza ntchito zoteteza wa mucous lapansi.

Obwerawa epithelium chimakwirira lilime.

Kapangidwe ka mucosa m'kamwa lili ndi zinthu zina:

- Kusowa kwa minofu mu mbale wake.

- Popeza m'madera ena a m'kamwa M'mimbamo submucosa, ie, mucous lagona mwachindunji minofu (pali Mwachitsanzo, mu chilankhulo), kapena mwachindunji pa fupa (mwachitsanzo, m'kamwa molimbika) ndipo molimba spliced kuti tiwonjezere nsalu ili.

- Kupezeka kwa capillaries angapo (likupereka khalidwe pabuka mtundu wa Kakhungu mucous).

Kapangidwe ka M'mimbamo m'kamwa mwa ana

Pa moyo wake matupi aumunthu chipangizo zimasiyanasiyana. Choncho, kapangidwe ka M'mimbamo m'kamwa mwa ana osaposa chaka chimodzi ndi zimasiyana matabwa ake akuluakulu, osati chabe pakalibe mano, monga tanena kale.

pakamwa makamaka Ndisanaumbidwe ndi aumbike mwa sabata chachiwiri pambuyo pathupi. Pa ana akhanda, monga aliyense amadziwa, alibe mano. Koma izi si ofanana ndi kusapezeka kwa mano okalamba. mfundo ndi yakuti mu M'mimbamo m'kamwa ana mano ali mu mkhalidwe komanso majeremusi, pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi mkaka, ndi kokhazikika. Panthawi ina, iwo adzaoneka padziko usinini. Mkamwa achikulire okha njira alveolnye kale atrophied, ie, mano ndipo sizidzakhala konse. Onse m'madipatimenti mkamwa mwa makanda analengedwa ndi chikhalidwe kupereka ndondomeko ya woyamwa. kusiyana khalidwe limene kuthandiza mumpanda nipple:

- milomo Lofewa ndi yeniyeni labial PAD.

- Ndi bwino anayamba zozungulira minofu mkamwa.

- gingival Kakhungu ndi kuchuluka kwa tokhala.

- makutu yopingasa mwa m'kamwa olimba onse akuonekera bwino.

- Malo a m'munsi nsagwada wapotalikira (mwana amaika patsogolo nsagwada m'munsi, ndi kuvumbitsira gululi mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, osati mbali kapena bwalo, monga kutafuna).

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa ana - iwo chingameze ndi kupuma nthawi yomweyo.

Kapangidwe ka mucosa mkamwa komanso makanda achikulire. Epithelium ana pansi chaka chimodzi tichipeza zigawo woyambira ndi spinous yekha ndi papillae zaminyewa ali bwino kwambiri anayamba. Kulumikiza wosanjikiza wa mucous pano dongosolo mapuloteni kuchokera amayi ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Kukula, mwana wotaya katundu wake m'thupi. Imeneyi imagwiranso kwa zimakhala mkamwa. Kenako izo thickens epithelium, glycogen olimba m'kamwa ndi m'kamwa yafupika.

Ndi zaka zitatu ana m'kamwa mucosa ali osiyana kusiyana dera, ndi epithelium amakhala angathe keratinization. Koma chimango wosanjikiza ziwiya mucous ndi magazi pafupi akadali ndi zambiri zinthu ma. Zimenezi permeability amagonjetsa, chotero, maonekedwe a herpetic stomatitis.

Kwa zaka 14 Kapangidwe ka mucosa m'kamwa mwa achinyamata alibe osiyana kwambiri kwa akulu, koma pa maziko a m'thupi amasintha thupi iwo zingaoneke matenda mucosal: leukopenia wofatsa ndi unyamata gingivitis.