Nizhny Novgorod, Cathedral ya Alexander Nevsky. Nizhny Novgorod: zojambula, chithunzi

Malo a mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Russia anali mzinda wa Nizhny Novgorod. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral anamangidwa kuno mu 1868-1881. Dzina lachiwiri ndi Novoyarmarichny. Katolikayo inadzipatulira mwakuya pa July 20, 1881. Mwambowo unali kupezeka ndi Mfumu ya Russia Alexander Alexander ndi mkazi wake ndi Tsarevich Nicholas.

Ulemerero wodabwitsa m'zaka mazana ambiri ndipo unayenera kuyanjana

Russia ili ndi luso labwino m'munda uliwonse. Koma pali zigawo zapamwamba kwambiri, kuphatikiza mautumiki angapo aumulungu. Ulemerero wawo sudzawonongeka m'zaka mazana ambiri. Izi zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi filimu ya TV ya 2008 yotchedwa "Dzina la Russia", yomwe Alexander Nevsky (1221-1263), amene adakhala zaka zopitirira 750 zapitazo, adapambana.

Mwa changu chake chikhulupiriro chachikristu chinafalikira kumayiko akumpoto ku Pomors. Ndipo ngakhale pa gawo la Golden Horde, iwo anamanga tchalitchi cha Orthodox. Osatchulidwa kuti sanalole kuti dziko la Russia likhale akapolo kapena a Teutonic kapena a Livonian, chifukwa cha kupambana kwawo - ngati izi zinachitika - Orthodoxy m'madera awa akanadatha kwathunthu. Anali woyenera kutero chifukwa cha utumiki wake ku tchalitchi ndi boma, osati chifukwa anali kalonga wa Novgorod. Wolamulira wandale wonyenga, wolamulira wa Mulungu, analemekezedwa ku Russia kale ali pansi pa Vladimir. Ku Katolika ku Moscow mumzinda wa Moscow mu 1547 mpingo wake wonse unalemekezedwa. Metropolitan anali Makarios. Buku lachionetsero limayerekezera kalonga wa Novgorod monga nthano ya golide ya ku Russia. Analemekeza m'zaka mazana ambiri Nizhny Novgorod. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral ndi malo oyenera kwa munthu wamkulu uyu.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Kachisi ali ndi nkhani yake yomwe ili ndi masamba osangalatsa ndi ovuta. Anayamba ndi ulendo wopita ku Novgorod mwachilungamo, womwe mzindawu unatchuka kuyambira kale, ndi Emperor Alexander II. Amalonda am'deralo, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mwambo umenewu, anapempha bishopu wamkulu ndi pempho la kumanga tchalitchi chachiwiri. Mu 1822 kabuku ka St. Isaac's Cathedral kanamangidwa kuno - Spassky Old Cathedral. Auguste Montferrand, yemwe anali katswiri wa zomangamanga, anamanga nyumba yoyamba kumpoto kumpoto kwa dzikoli. Iye anati: "Ndikufuna kukwera nyanjayi yoyera m'mawa, ndipo musapume mpweya wanu, Montferrand." Chombo cha chozizwitsa ichi chinakongoletsera Nizhny Novgorod. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, kapena Novoyarmarichny (kutsatira Spassky Old Fair), zomangidwe zake sizinachititse manyazi mzindawu.

Kukonzedwa kwa kachisi

Nyumbayi inavomerezedwa mu 1856 ndi bishopu wa Nizhny Novgorod Antony ndi Kazembe A. N. Muraviev. Zoperekazo zinayamba, zomwe zinapitirira mpaka 1866, ndiko kuti, zaka khumi. Ndipo ndalama zokwana 454,667 za ruble zokwana 28 zokhazokha sizinali zokwanira, monga momwe choyambiriracho chinapangidwira ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga RI Kilevain, chinasinthidwa. Popeza nyumba yomangidweyo sinali yokwanira. Ntchito yachiwiriyo sinali yoyenera. Boma linatenga gawo lachitatu, amene wolemba wake sanakhale wosadziwika. Koma zopanda chilungamo ndi zolakwa zomwe zinapangidwa mmenemo zinakonzedwa ndi LV Dahl, yemwe analemba buku lachiwiri. Anatsogolera kumanganso kwa kachisi, mu 1881, zaka 17 pambuyo poyika mwala woyamba (1864), wokongoletsedwa ndi Nizhny Novgorod. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral ali ndi maguwa atatu: The Equal-to-the-Apostles Mary Magdalene, St. Nicholas Wonderworker ndipo, kwenikweni, St. Alexander Nevsky.

Ili mkatikati mwa mzinda

Pali tchalitchi chachikulu mumtima mwa mzinda, ku adiresi: st. Mtsinje, 3a. Msewu uwu (pa 1868 unali mwala wokonzanso) ndi umodzi mwa akale kwambiri. Iwo ankawoneka olemekezeka, ankaimbidwa mu ntchito zina. Mwachitsanzo, amatchedwa Gorky Street mu nyimbo "Pa Volga lonse, pa Arrow kutali". Ndiko kuti msewu waukulu wa mzinda kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XVIII sunatchulidwe ndi akuluakulu a Soviet. Katolika wina wa Alexander Nevsky anavutika, unali nyumba yosungiramo zotsatira ndi zotsatira zake zonse. Osapulumutsidwa, ngakhale dzina, ngakhale kuti chipembedzo cha Grand Duke chinali chobzala, makamaka nkhondo isanafike 1941. Mawu amene Nikolai Cherkasov analankhula pamapeto a filimuyi ndi Sergei Eisenstein: "Aliyense wobwera kwa ife ndi lupanga adzabwera, adzawonongeka ku lupanga" - amamveka ngati spell.

Chidziwitso cha kachisi

Alexander Nevsky Cathedral ndi wokongola kwambiri. Ndi nyumba yomanga mahema asanu. Zonsezi ndi zapakati, ndipo chapakati chimakwera mamita 72.5. Chithunzi chophatikizidwachi chikusonyeza kuti zojambula zojambulajambula zosiyana zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino mwapadera. Masiku ano, pambuyo pa kumanganso, belu lachitatu lalikulu ku Russia laikidwa pa belu la tchalitchi chachikulu, kulemera kwake ndi matani 60, kutalika kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi mamita 4. Zosangalatsa. Poyamba tchalitchichi chinali ndi tchalitchi chachisanu, chomwe chinkawotcha, choncho chinkagwira ntchito chaka chonse. Ndipo kachisi yekha - panthawi yamakono. Popeza adalibe mpingo wokhazikika. Iwo anali amalonda akubwera ku malo abwino. Mpingo wa Makarii wa Zheltovodsky ndi Unzhensky unali pamabwalo oyimba a tchalitchi chachikulu, kumadzulo kumaso kwa khonde.

Zojambula za likulu la zamalonda la Russia

Kuchokera mu 2009 mawu akuti "Orthodox Cathedral" awonjezeredwa ku dzina lathunthu "Kachisi wa Kachisi Woyera Alexander Nevsky". Inde, limatanthauza zochitika za Nizhny Novgorod pamodzi ndi ngale zotchuka padziko lonse monga Ensemble ya Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin ndi Zapochain. Pa gawo la malo amenewa pali theka la malo onse osakumbukika mumzindawu. Ndipo zonsezi zikuphatikizidwa mu Register Register State of Zinthu Chikhalidwe Heritage a Anthu a Russia. Malo osungiramo nyumba ndi malo owonetserako masewera, mipingo ndi zipilala - Nizhny Novgorod ali ndi chinthu chonyada nacho. Pazaka pafupifupi 800 za mbiriyakale, mzindawu wapeza zinthu zamtengo wapatali, zotchuka ndi alendo ochokera konsekonse.

Chiwerengero cha mipingo

Kachisi wa Alexander Nevsky akadali ku Simferopol, Slaviansk ndi Paris. Ntchito ya tchalitchi chachikulu mumzinda wa French inavomerezedwa ndi Napoleon III, amene amati anali ndi mawu akuti: "Wachilendo, woyambirira, koma wokongola kwambiri." Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1861 ku dziko lalikulu la Russia, lomwe likukhala ku Paris kosatha, lokhala ndi anthu osachepera 1,000. Anthu a ku Russia anali odzipereka kwambiri, ndipo ankafunikira tchalitchi chachikulu. Mu 1983, tchalitchichi chinali pakati pa zipilala zakale za ku France. Zabwino kwambiri ndi Kachisi ya Simferopol ya Alexander Nevsky (chithunzi chake ndi chochititsa chidwi). Yomangidwa mwa dongosolo la Catherine II, yomwe inawonongedwa usiku wa September 27, 1930, tsopano ikubwezeretsedwa.

Kubwereranso ku tchalitchi

Mu 1994, tchalitchichi chinali tchalitchi china cha Alexander Nevsky. Izhevsk, likulu la Udmurtia, mu 1990 anamanganso ndi kubwezeretsa okhulupirira kachisi wokongola wa diocese ya Udmurt ndi Izhevsk. Mukatikati mwa mzindawo, tchalitchichi sichimatsekedwa ndi kubedwa mu 1930. Kenaka mnyumbayi kwa zaka zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito cinema "Colossus". Bishopu Palladium adagwira nawo ntchito yomanganso ndi kubwerera kumoyo watsopano wokongola ndi wofunikira kwa okhulupirira a Orthodox a tchalitchi. Zikuwoneka kuti, kuwonjezera pa tchalitchi chachikulu cha Paris, osati kachisi mmodzi kuti Aleksandro Nevsky alemekezedwe sanapulumutsidwe ndi tsoka lachiwerewere, ngakhale kuwombedwa. Ngakhale kuti anthu okhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu amaletsa chikondi chotchuka cha malo abwino, kapena kukongola. Mzinda wa Izhevsk, womwe unamangidwa m'Chisipanishi, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana (malo ozungulira, mawonekedwe a cubic, mapironi ndi mabwinja), unakhazikitsidwa mu 1823. Chitsanzo chinali Tchalitchi cha St. Andrew ku Kronstadt. Mlembi wa makedoniya onse anali Andrei Zakharov wanzeru.

Northern Temple

Wina yemwe adasankha kukhala ndi moyo pa mfundo yakuti "Tidzawononga pansi," ndiye adatsata Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. Petrozavodsk "inadziwika" ndikuti nyumba zisanu zinagwetsedwa kuchokera ku tchalitchi chokongola kwambiri kuno ndipo zinasandutsa nyumba yosandulika kukhala yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Tsopano ndi katolika ndipo amatanthauza zipilala zamatabwa. Mwina, adapulumutsidwa chifukwa anamangidwa (1826-1832) pa zopereka za antchito ndi ambuye a zomera za Alexander ndipo anabadwira poyamba monga tchalitchi cha fakitale. Kachisi wokongola kwambiri anali ndi mipando yachifumu itatu, ndipo mu 1888 sukulu inatsegulidwa apa. Kuchokera mu 2000, ntchito yobwezeretsa ndi kubwezeretsa yayamba. Mu 2010, chipilala cha Alexander Nevsky chinatsegulidwa pafupi ndi kachisi . Tsopano tchalitchichi ndi chokongoletsera ndi chizindikiro cha Petrozavodsk.

Nsembe Yopanda Kukhulupirira Mulungu

Chomvetsa chisoni chachikulu kwambiri chinafika ku bungwe la asilikali la Alexander Nevsky. Ulamuliro wa Krasnodar wokongola wodabwitsa wa kachisi wamkulu wa mzindawo unayamba kugwira ntchito zapakhomo, ndipo mu 1932 anthu ambiri ankawomba. Kuda khungu koteroko kunayamba, mwinamwake chifukwa maziko a tchalitchi chachikulucho anali mtanda wofanana, wosiyana kwambiri: yesetsani, khalani pano musemu wa atheism, anthu omwewo ayamba kuyenda pamtanda.

Mu 2003, bwanamkubwa A. Tkachev anaganiza zobwezeretsa tchalitchichi. Chiyambi cha ntchitoyi chinapatulidwa ndi Alexius II, ndi mapeto - ndi Metropolitan Kirill. Okhulupirira anabwerera ku kachisi mu 2006.