Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin: aang'ono nsanja, mbiri

Nizhny Novgorod - mzinda pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi atatu olemera mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana mbiri. Ili pa confluence wa Volga ndi Oka, iye wakhala mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe, malo zachuma ndi kayendedwe Russia. Kangapo konse, mzinda anali ngati chitetezo cha boma, kuteteza dziko kwa adani awo. Zonsezi chinathandiza chakuti tsopano Nizhny Novgorod wodzala zowoneka chidwi ndi malo wosaiwalika. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi wotchuka wakale citadel.

nkhani

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin anayamba adzamangidwa mu 1500, iye potsiriza anamangidwa mu dongosolo 1515 ndi ziwiri kilometre khoma, zomwe zili ndi nsanja khumi ndi zitatu. Mmodzi wa iwo - Zachatskaya - wanena sanapulumuke masiku ano.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, umene umatchedwanso mzinda wa mwala, anali ndi asilikali okhazikika, komanso ndi chidwi zida zida zankhondo. Volga linga analenga Muscovy monga kutchulidwa mfundo yaikulu, cholinga kupirira Kazan Khanate. Ratna potumikira Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin anatsutsana kuukira ambiri ndi sieges.

Tsamba lomaliza mu zolemba nkhondowo wa Volga linga linalembedwa mu zaka za m'ma 17. Iyi inali nthawi za phukusi achilendo, ndi anamanganso chachikulu cha Nizhny Novgorod ankhondo, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi Kuzma Minin ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky.

mafotokozedwe

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin ndi kumbuyo akale nyumba. Malowa ali pamtunda mwina pa lathyathyathya pamwamba pa onse Mountain malo otsetsereka ake (kumpoto-kumadzulo).

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (chithunzi mungathe onani pansipa) ili pa malo mahekitala 22,7. Otchedwa mwala mzinda ali ndi kukula m'malo chidwi. wozungulira ake mamita 2045. Kufikako m'mbuyomu pakuti mdani makoma ndi kutalika mamita khumi ndi khumi ndi asanu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo nawonso waukulu kwambiri.

The makulidwe a malinga ndi zitatu ndi theka mamita anayi ndi theka. Pamodzi ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa mizinda mwala zinamangidwa nsanja kumbuyo. Kodi nsanja mu Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin ambiri? Poyamba, panali khumi ndi zitatu. Panopa khumi anapulumuka. Maina nsanja anasankhidwa malingana ndi ntchito zawo ndi kopita, kapena dzina la nyumba pafupi.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) wa maziko anali m'gawo aang'ono ake, amene ndi mudzi waukulu. Pakati pawo Mikayeli, komanso Chiwalitsiro Woyera. "Mwala mzinda" pali mipingo ingapo parishi. Pali Episcopal ndi chachikulu zachifumu, komanso mchitidwe umenewu angapo.

Location nsanja kumbuyo

Ngati inu mutidziwe bwino dongosolo la mkanda malinga, mudzaona kuti ndi polygon osasamba ili pa ngodya ya nsanja. Chinthu Kale, ndipo anachita ntchito nsanja kumbuyo. Chiwembu cha Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin amatidziŵitsa mayina a nsanja. Kuwaona mu njira kutsogolo, woyamba wa iwo - Demetrius (Dmitrov). Ichi ndi nsanja zazikulu. Ine dzina polemekeza kwambiri Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Konstantinovich wa Nizhny Novgorod, amene analamulira m'zaka 14.

chiwembu wina ndi nsanja ndi yosungirako dzina. Ndi ntchito ngati malo osungira. Wakhomo kuti tsopano ndi otha ntchito ojambulira Posad Nikolskaya mpingo Nikolskaya Tower inamangidwa.

Kenako nsanja - rocker - likutionetsera ife ndi chithunzi zaikidwa Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Mbiri ya nyumba iyi akufotokoza nkhani ananena m'manda mu malo awa a lodziwika bwino mtsikana goli. Nsanja chachisanu - Taynitskaya. Dzina la nsanjayo chifukwa ili m'ndime ake chinsinsi zikubweretsa Pochaye mtsinje. Nsanja kumpoto ndi Eliya.

Suli kutali ndi Mpingo wa Eliya Mneneri. Koma nsanja iyi akutchedwa ndi malo Hrs - North. Onse pa nsanja zana la 16. Ife anapereka koloko.

Ivanovo nsanja pambali mpingo tsopano imawonongeka Ioanna Predtechi. White dzina lake kumbuyo nsanja chifukwa cha mwala cladding woyera, amene azungulira wapakamwa akunja pansi. nsanja St. George atamangidwa pafupi mpingo tsopano, otha ntchito ojambulira St. George, ndipo ufa kusungidwa ufa ndi zosiyanasiyana zipolopolo.

Cholinga cha Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin

Atagwa Kazan chake tanthauzo asilikali Volga linga anataya. Kenako anakhala likulu kwa m'dera lalikulu. m'gawo lake anali ogwirizana kanyumba. Inali mu mwala mzinda vicegeral ndi maboma azigawo.

Today Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin - kwambiri chikhalidwe ndi likulu la mzinda. Pa m'gawo lake zili milimo ya dera ndi mzinda boma komanso nthumwi za Purezidenti Russian mu Volga Federal District. Alendo za malinga zakale amapereka maulendo ku Art Museum ndi m'nyumbayi wa Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Ndi ili pa dera la mwala mzinda wakale ndi Center kwa Art Contemporary.

Demetrius nsanja

Main kumbuyo Nizhegorodsky Kremlin nsanja anamangidwa mu chapakati gawo zomwe zili. wapakamwa ake ayang'anizana ndi gawo semicircular a lalikulu, dzina lake polemekeza Minin ndi Pozharsky.

Demetrius nsanja ya Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin kuyambira yomanga ake anachita ntchito ya pakhomo waukulu mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Nayenso anali likulu chapakati cha zomwe zili m'dera lonse la chitetezo. The otsogolera ikutsimikizidwanso pa nsanja ndi radially-concentric mapulani mzinda. Mfundo ndi kuti kuyambira polowera ku nsanja Dmitrievskaya popanda limatulutsa misewu. Pakati pawo Ulyanov, Alekseevskaya wakunja ndi Great Kupemphera.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, mbiri ya amene ali m'masiku akale, anayamba linakhalapo ndi ndendende erection la nsanjayo. Mfundo yotereyi ikutsimikizidwanso anapulumuka magwero zopelekedwa.

M'nthawi ya 17. Demetrius nsanja anali zankhondo kwambiri. Kumbali ya manambala, anaposa nsanja ena onse kumbuyo. Nkhondowo zida analipo mpaka 1705 kenako mu mochedwa 18 - m'ma 19. Demetrius nsanja anatumikira ngati malo mayikidwe a sukulu asilikali. Izo ndiye munali miyala zigawo ndi ku 1896 mpaka 1919 - kowonera zakale ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho luso-mbiri. Pa nthawi Soviet mu nsanja nthawi yaitali ntchito zomera kubala zokongola kwa kuvina, zisudzo ndi opera.

Mu 1965 panali chochitika chapadera. Pa denga spire anakhazikitsidwa gilded mzinda chizindikiro chosonyeza mbawala kuyenda.

pantry nsanja

Pa chiyambi cha Congress Zelensky ndi nsanja wozungulira Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Iwo akuwatcha iwo pantry. Poyamba, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osungira. Patapita zaka 17-18. Tower ankatchedwa Alexis, monga mpingo ili pafupi.

Panopa nsanja ndi dongosolo zinayi tiered. Mu malo ake m'munsi gawo ili mobisa, imene pali chipinda mbali kumenyana ndi embrasures. The ntchito kubwezeretsa, umene unachitika mu 1953, analola kubwezeretsedwa semicircular kutambasuka Spence nsanja. Nyumba iyi anamangidwa m'nthawi ya 19., Angazigwiritse kulenga makope mpweya zipinda zodyeramo za gawo m'munsi, kumene Kutentha mafuta kusungidwa, ntchito pounikira m'misewu ya mumzindawo.

Mu yachiwiri gawo nsanja ofanana ndi makoma mbali ya m'chipinda. mlingo wachitatu - "nyumba ya mwala" popanda toyalana. The gawo lachinayi ndi malo ozungulira nsanja galimotoyo. mpanda wake - kampanda ndi battlements.

Nikolskaya nsanja

Pambuyo Spence mlengalenga chiwembu Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin Nikolskaya ili. Dzinali linatengedwa mpingo wapafupi wa St. Nicholas ndi Wonderworker.
Kale, nsanja iyi unachita akuthandiza kwa chitetezo unit wa tanthauzo. Kufunika iye kuzilandira Demetrius Tower. Panopa, mothandizidwa ndi ntchito kubwezeretsa anabwezeretsa maonekedwe choyambirira cha nyumba pachipata msewu.

M'zaka 17-19th. nsanja ntchito ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu wina, kwambiri kusintha mawonekedwe ake mkati. ntchito kubwezeretsa kunachitika mu zaka 1959-62. Osati kokha zipinda unamangidwanso. The wapakamwa la nsanjayo ankakhalanso chikuoneka pachiyambi m'mbiri. Mu nthawi yomweyo, nsanja anamangidwanso denga woboola pakati chihema psuu nsanja.

rocker nsanja

Mu mzere wa makoma oyenerera pa gawo zomwe zili ndi angled wozungulira nsanja kuvala dzina achilendo. Mbiri ya dzina la rocker nsanja chikugwirizana ndi nthano ziwiri zosiyana za mkazi amene anaikidwa m'manda mu malo awa. Buku lina, izo kuphedwa makoma opatsa mphamvu mogwirizana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira. Nthano chachiwiri limatiuza za mtima akazi amene anapha goli lawo anagonjetsedwa angapo ndipo m'manda pafupi nsanja.

Chinthu chapadera wa rocker nsanja ndi mwala woyera cladding. Patapita zaka 18-19. mu nsanja munali ndi Archive ndipo kuyambira 1886 malo osiyanasiyana omwe adamangidwa mu izo.

Taynitskaya nsanja

nsanja iyi yozungulira lili pamwamba pa phompho otsetsereka banki Pochainskogo chigwa ndi mtsinje ukuyenda pamodzi Pochayna pansi. Dzinali, yomanga imeneyi ayenera posungira - ndimeyi mobisa. njira Izi zinachititsa kuyambira kunsanja pansi pamalo otsetsereka a ku chigwa kwa mtsinje yokha. Ngalande anali apansi matabwa ndi makoma, ndi kumtunda kwa kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi maso chobisika dogwood. Mu 80s wa atumwi anapeza zotsalira za kuwonongedwa posungira lapansi.

. Zikalata zakale zokhudza m'ma 17, kutiuza kuti dzina lina la nsanjayo - Mironositskaya unachokera ili mbali ina ya chigwa cha dzina womwewo wa mpingo.

North nsanja

Pochainsky wapakamwa pa chigwa kunja nsanja, ili mu ngodya kumpoto cha kumadzulo kwa gawo lamapiri la Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Izi nsanja North, amene analandira dzina la malo dera. Komabe, izi zinachitika pa nthawi ina. Zolemba za m'ma 17. Elias otchedwa monga dzina womwewo wa mpingo, yomwe inali pa mbali ina ya chigwa cha. Mabuku ena, nsanja anaonekera monga Naugolnykh (ngodya).

The chipangizo cha nsanja iyi sanali osiyana mowononga Tainitski ndi rocker. Pali okha kusiyana maganizo pang'ono mwatsatanetsatane. Mu 19 ndi m'ma 20. nsanja ntchito asilikali ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu wina.

Clock nsanja

malo ili pa otsetsereka wa Volga Mtsinje pamwamba pa mpanda wolimba phiri. Ndi nsanja yekha wa boma la Russia, movutikira mkati. Mu masiku akale a maudindo nkhondowo iye ankasewera. cholinga chake chachikulu ndi chilengedwe cha luso-zokongoletsa zikuchokera. Gulu loyimba ndi North nsanja onse linathera mapulani mwapadera bwino. Kotero mu malo okongola kwambiri Kremlin njira chimphona chimene adzatsika kuchokera otsetsereka phompho la lalitali nsanja. Pamwamba pa nsanja ndi wapadera matabwa nyumba - ". Wotchi kanyumba" Choncho dzina la kukonza.

Ivanovo nsanja

Dzina dongosolo ochokera ku mipingo poyamba inali pafupi dzina la Ioanna Predtechi. Ivanovskaya nsanja ya Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin mkati ake anali makwerero kutambasuka, limene zokometsera mumzinda anapita kwa mpanda wamiyala. Palinso kamera zigawenga ndi ogwidwa. Ivanovskaia nsanja anali okonzeka ndi chipata ndipo anali m'dera waukulu submountainous Kremlin.

woyera nsanja

Kamangidwe kameneka popenyana ndi kasinthasintha Congress otchedwa Kremlin. Ndi kuzungulira nsanja yekha, amene anatsalira pa foothill pa malo a. Kumbali ya m'munda nsanja wapakamwa wodzaza ndi mwala woyera. Choncho panali dzina. Ntchito nsanja pa nthawi ya mtendere ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu, ndipo pafupi ndi moto kumene kunachitika apa mu 1924, anali zikalata Archive mu zipinda nsanja.

nsanja St. George

Kumangidwa kwa amakona anayi mawonekedwe, lomwe kale carriageways. St. George Tower wa Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin ili pamwamba chabe pa mtsinje wa Volga Krucha amathandizidwa. Osati kutali ndi chipilala kuti VP Chkalov. Pali awiri Mabaibulo a magwero a dongosolo dzina. Pa mmodzi wa iwo, wapafupi mpingo wa dzina chomwecho. Malinga ndi wachiwiri, malo amenewa anali St George nsanja - nyumba yomangidwa ndi woyambitsa wa mzinda Yuri Vsevolodovich.

Ndi maonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe a mkati mwa munthu amakona anayi nsanja masiku ano zimasiyana nyumba ofanana a boma la Russia.

ufa nsanja

Round nsanja ya Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, dzina lake kwa chikhalidwe cha ntchito zake. Tinasunga zipolopolo. Malinga ndi zikalata za dzina lomweli 17 pa tchalitchi pafupi. amalitchula nsanja Spasskaya. M'mbiri ya m'ma 18. izo amatchedwa Musketeers, chifukwa inali pafupi ndi Musketeers District.

Panopa ufa nsanja yokutidwa denga ndi pang'ono. chipangizo ndi ofanana ndi nsanja Spence. Nsanja awiri ndi osiyana ndi zina mwa mawonekedwe a sitili mu tiers m'munsi mwa munakhazikitsa kutsogolo.