Njira "6 Maganizo zipewa" Edward de A Bono: mfundo Zitsanzo

Mwa munthu, chirichonse chiyenera kukhala chogwirizana: thupi, dziko lamkati, kuganiza. Mwamwayi, nthawi zina, chimodzi mwa zigawozi zikulephera, ndiyeno pali kutopa, osakhutira ndi wekha ndi dziko lozungulira, vuto la kulenga, kulephera kuikapo gawo limodzi kwa nthawi yaitali ndikubweretsa nkhaniyo kumapeto.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo wazaka za m'ma 1900 Edward de Bono ndi njira yake

Kawirikawiri anthu a ntchito zaluso akukumana ndi vuto lomwelo. Wolemba ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo, wobadwa ndi Chingerezi, Edward de Bono, adatenga vutolo mu nthawi yake.

Katswiri wam'tsogolo pazomwe amaganiza za kulenga anabadwa mu 1933. Anaphunzira ku Oxford, Trinity College, Cambridge ndi University of Dundee. Ali ndi digiri ya master mu kuwerenga maganizo, doctorate mu mankhwala ndi doctorate mu malamulo.

De Bono ndi mlembi wa ogulitsa ogulitsa monga "Kugwiritsa ntchito maganizo osagwirizana", "Kubadwa kwa lingaliro latsopano", "Maganizo osagwirizana nawo: sitepe ndi sitepe".

M'zaka za m'ma 80 buku "Six Hats of Thinking" linafalitsidwa. Ndi kosavuta kufotokoza mfundo za kuganiza, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ubongo wa munthu.

Njira ya "zipewa 6" ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zothandizira kukonza malingaliro anu. Bukuli likufotokoza njira zothandizira zomwe zimathandiza kuti gulu likhale logwirizana, lingaliro laumwini, ndipo likhale lopindulitsa momwe lingathere.

Ndipo posachedwa, njira iyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa ndi iyo mungapeze mayankho atsopano ku ntchito.

Mfundo ya njira za zipewa zisanu ndi chimodzi

Maziko a njira ya wolemba m'bukuli ndi mfundo yofanana. Monga mukudziwira, izi kapena ndondomeko imeneyi imabwera kuchokera kutsutsana ndi zokambirana. Njira yotereyi sikutsimikiziranso kuti ndizowona zoona ndi zowona zowonjezereka zomwe zimapambana. Kawirikawiri wopambana ndi amene amatsimikizira mozama maganizo ake.

Ndi malingaliro ofanana , njira zothetsera mikangano sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito: malingaliro, ziweruzo, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zimakhalapo ndipo zimavomerezedwa, koma musagwirizane ndipo musagwirizanane.

Chiweruzo chokhwima ndi chimodzi mwa mtundu wa ntchito zaumunthu zomwe zimakulolani kulingalira vuto liripo kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana kuti mupeze yankho lolondola. Amadziwika ndi malingaliro apamwamba ndi njira yolingalira yolankhulira zomwe zilipo.

Chomwe chimakhudza kupanga chisankho

Zambiri zimakhudza munthu pakupanga chisankho. Njira ya "zipewa 6" imakuthandizani kupirira zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza munthuyo pa nthawi ya kusankha.

1. Maganizo . Maganizo amphamvu akhoza kuthetsa kulingalira mwakuya kwa kanthaŵi kochepa, ndi kuzindikira zonse zomwe munthu akuchita, kutsatira zotsatira za maganizo.
2. Kusokonezeka ndi bwenzi lofunika kwambiri kuthetsa ntchito iliyonse yatsopano yomwe munthu sanakumane nayopo. Iwenso ilipo pamene pali mayankho a ntchito zambiri.
3. Kusokonezeka . Zambiri zotsutsana, malingaliro ambiri, kukhumba kukhala omveka ndi osasinthasintha, kuphatikiza kwa zonsezi ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa kulenga sikumapangitsa chirichonse koma chisokonezo ndi chisokonezo.

Njira Zisanu ndi Ziwiri za Maganizidwe zimagonjetsa zovuta pamwambapa pogawaniza njira yoganiza muzosiyana siyana, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chipewa cha mtundu wina mwa njira iyi. Maganizo otero amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala osamvetsetseka, komanso kuti athetse vutoli kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana.

Matsuko amene amaganiza

1. Chipewa choyera chikuganiza. Kuvala chipewa cha mtundu woyera, m'pofunika kuganizira zonse zomwe zilipo: izi ndi zenizeni ndi manambala. Ndiponso muyenera kuganizira, mwinamwake, kutaya uthenga, ndi momwe mungadzazire mipata imeneyi.
2. Chipewa chofiira ndi chipewa cha maganizo. Pokhala mu mafashoni awa, mukhoza kugonjera kumverera. Munthu ayenera kukhala wodzipereka payekha, kapena ndi oyankhulana ena, ngati ndi funso la kukambirana pagulu. Aliyense ayenera kufotokozera zomwe akumana nazo, mantha, ndi chisangalalo pofufuza izi kapena chisankho. Palibe chifukwa choopa mantha, monga momwe iwo, komanso zabwino, amathandizira kupanga chisankho choyenera.
3. Chipewa chotsatira chimakhala ndi chiyembekezo. Chipewa chachikasu chimangotanthauza maganizo abwino okha. Kuliyika, ndikofunikira kudziwa zokhudzana ndi chisankho kapena lingaliro lililonse. Ngakhalenso ngati njira yomwe takambiranayo ikuwoneka, sizikuwoneka bwino, ndikofunika kuti tipeze zosowa zobisika zobisika.
4. Chosiyana ndi chipewa chachikasu ndi chakuda. Pano, tifunika kuganizira za ziopsezo zobisika zomwe zimagwera pa chisankho chilichonse. Kodi ndi zovuta ziti zomwe munthu akuyembekezera pa izi kapena zochitika zosiyanazi? Kodi zidzakhale zotani, ndipo zingatheke? Zidzakhala zosavuta kuganiza kuti ndinu wosayenerera, chifukwa pa chisankho chilichonse nthawi zonse mumakhala nawo mbali zolakwika.
5. Chipewa chobiriwira chimatanthauza kuthawa kwa malingaliro ndi kulenga. Chipewa chobiriwira chimalimbikitsa kufufuza njira zatsopano, zosagwirizana. Malingaliro a Bold, kuwongolera zochitika zomwe zilipo, njira zowonongeka kuchokera kwa otsutsana, kulingalira - zonsezi zimachitika muwonekedwe la "green hat".
6. Chipewa cha buluu ndi chipewa cholingalira kudzera pakuzindikira kwa lingaliro losankhidwa, kuliyika ilo kwenikweni. Musaganize zowonjezera ubwino ndi zovuta, pokhapokha mutsimikizire kuti mukuganiza bwino.

Kodi njira iyi ndi yani?

Zikhoti zazing'ono zoganiza zatsimikiziridwa okha muzochitika zirizonse za kuganiza. Payekha, njirayi imathandizira polemba kubwereza kapena kalata yamalonda, kuthetsa zovuta pamoyo, kukonzekera zochitika zofunika.

Mu gululi, njirayi ikufanana kwambiri ndi kulingalira. Zimathandizanso kuthetsa mikangano ndi mikangano.

Njira ya "zipewa 6" yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani apadziko lonse.

Ubwino wa "6 zipewa" njira

1. Ntchito yoganizira anthu ambiri ikuwoneka ngati yovuta kwambiri. Koma dongosolo lino limatha kukopa ndikupanga njirayi kuyesa, pamapeto a mavuto omwe sanachitikepo.
2. Njirayi imatilola kuti tithetse vutoli kumbali zonse, tcheru ku mbali zofunika monga maganizo, kusanthula zabwino ndi zoipa, chiyambi cha malingaliro atsopano.
3. Ndondomeko ya "6 zipewa" imakulolani kuchotsa mawu onse onyenga omwe poyamba adatengedwa mozama.
4. N'zotheka kuthetsa mkangano ndi wotsutsana, kusonyeza ndi chithandizo cha njirayo, kusayenerera kwa mawu ake. Ndiponso munthu adzalandira mwayi wakufotokozera ndikugawana maganizo awo. Njira ya zipewa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza njira zothetsera vuto.
5. Machitidwewa amalola anthu otsekedwa ndi amanyazi kuti adziwonetse okha pamakambirano ambiri. Iwo sayenera kukhala wamanyazi malingaliro awo, ngakhale pamene iwo sagwirizana ndi malingaliro a ena. Zimakhala kuti amalankhula motsogoleredwa ndi zipewa, osati kuchokera kwa iwo okha.
6. Chifukwa chokonzekera ndondomeko yonseyi, osasamala kanthu kena kopanda kanthu, kulingalira kumakhala koyenera, kumveka komanso kuganizira.
7. Chifukwa chakuti mfundo zosiyana sizikutsutsana, koma zilipo panthawi imodzi, malingaliro atsopano ndi osangalatsa amabadwa.
8. Pogwiritsira ntchito njirayi, munthu amaphunzira kuika chidwi chake pansi, ndikusintha kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa chidziwitso kwa wina.
9. Malingana ndi Edward de Bono, njira yake imatha kuwonetsa kuti odwala matenda a ubongo amatha kukhala m'maganizo.
10. Vuto lalikulu pakuzindikira njira ya "zipewa 6" ndi luso la kayendedwe lokha. Zimatenga nthawi kuti zidziwe bwino. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi mofulumira kwambiri kuti mudziwe kumvetsa dongosolo, kugwira ntchito nokha, osati mu gulu.
11. Ochepa mwa atsogoleri a zochitika zapakhomo ali okonzeka kufotokozera zinthu zoterezi, osasamala kuti afotokoze gululi mfundo zonse zatsopano.
12. Polimbikitsa otsogolera kuti adziwe njira zisanu ndi zipewa, zidzatengeka kwambiri, ndi kuleza mtima. Anthu ambiri sangavomereze kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchitoyi, powalingalira kuti ndi aubwana, kapena kutaya nthawi.

Zoipa za njira ya Edward de Bono

• Chosavuta chachikulu, ngakhale kuti mwina sichitha, koma zovuta ndizo zipangizo zamakono zisanu ndi chimodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kuti tidziwe njirayi ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kuti tiphunzire kuigwiritsa ntchito, zimatenga nthawi. Ziri zosavuta kuthetsa mavuto pogwiritsa ntchito zipewa zisanu ndi chimodzi payekha, koma pagulu izi ndizovuta kwambiri.
• Ngati simuli woyang'anila nthawi yomweyo, yambani njirayi mumalonda ndikufotokozera ubwino wake wonse - ntchitoyo si yosavuta. Makampani ambiri apakhomo sali okonzeka kuyambitsa zatsopano mu ntchito ya kampani, kufuna kuti munthu azigwira nawo ntchito.
• Kuphatikiza pa kufunikira kokatsimikizira kufunika kwa njirayi, palinso mphindi yeniyeni ya kuzindikira kwake mwachindunji ndi gulu. Wina angawone kuti ndi "ubwana" ndipo amakana kuyesa zipewa zofiira (ngakhale kuti palibe zipewa zomwe zimafunikanso kuvala), kufotokoza izi ponena kuti iye sali wokongola. Komabe, apa palipanso muzochita zamalonda (woyang'anira, ndiko kuti, chipewa cha buluu).

Momwe zimagwirira ntchito

Buku lakuti "The Six Hats of Thinking" lolembedwa ndi Edward de Bono limapereka malangizo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosololi. Mukamagwiritsira ntchito njirayi pamodzi, nkofunika kukhala ndi woyang'anira yemwe angayendetse ntchito yonseyo.

Wolembayo akulemba pamapepala "kuwerenga" kwa zipewa zonse, kuwonetsa zotsatira zonse pamapeto.

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane momwe njira ya "6 zipewa za kuganiza" zikuwonekera.

Zitsanzo za zochitika:

• Wotsogolera mwachidule amauza ophunzira onse kuti apange ntchito ya zipewa zonse, ndiye kuti vutoli ladzutsidwa, kuti athetse vutoli. Mwachitsanzo: "Mpikisano wothamanga wapereka mgwirizano mmalo mwa ... Kodi mapulaniwa ndi ati?"
• Kenaka, ophunzira onse amayesa chipewa choyera, ndikugawana nawo malingaliro awo, malinga ndi lingaliro la hat.
• Sikoyenera kutsatira ndondomeko yoyenera ya zipewa, koma ndondomeko inayake ndi yofunika.
• Mungagwiritse ntchito dongosolo ili: chipewa choyera chimasonkhanitsa deta yonse pa mutu wa zokambirana (nambala, ziwerengero, zikhalidwe).
• Kenaka, yesani pa chipewa choda, ndipo muyang'ane pavutoli, ndikuyenera kuyesa kuona ntchentche mu mafuta, ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti zonse ziri bwino.
• Kuvala chipewa chachikasu, imani pa njira yabwino yoganizira.
• Pokhala mu chipewa chobiriwira, aliyense pa gawoli amapereka maganizo atsopano, othandizira. Kulingalira koyenera kumagwira ntchito yokwanira. Malingaliro atsopano akufotokozedwanso kuchokera kumbali zabwino ndi zoipa.
• Musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse amasula nthunzi mu chipewa chofiira. Chipewa ichi chavala kawirikawiri komanso kwa nthawi yochepa, osapitirira masekondi 30.
• Kumapeto kwa ntchito yaikulu, woyang'anira amawerengetsa zotsatira. Ndiyenso udindo wa wotsogolera kuti ayang'ane kuti pamakambirano aliyense amavala chipewa chomwecho, osasokonezeka pa ziweruzozo.

Mukhoza kugwira ntchito ndi njira ina. Aliyense atenge zipewa za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pamene ndizofunika kuti mtunduwo ukhale wosiyana ndi makhalidwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wosayika amavala chipewa chakuda, ndipo mosiyana ndi munthu, munthu wosayima akuyesera pa chipewa chofiira, amatha kukongoletsa mutu wochita nawo ntchitoyi. Choncho, onse otsogolera adzatha kutsegula mwayi wawo.

Ubwino waperekedwa kwa njira yoyamba, chifukwa imalepheretsa chisokonezo pakati pa ophunzira mu gawoli.

Khadi la nzeru monga chowonjezera ku njira ya zipewa zisanu ndi chimodzi

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito khadi lapadera. Ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha chochitika chilichonse kapena lingaliro mu mawonekedwe owonetseratu. Zimatheketsa kufufuza ndikuwonetsera maubwenzi onse omwe amachititsa chidwi komanso omwe amachititsa chidwi pakati pa zinthu zomwe zikuganiziridwa ndi mfundozo.

Khadi lotero limakupatsani inu kufalitsa uthenga wonse pa masamulo, popanda kutaya nthawi pa zosafunikira, zowonjezereka zosayenera, monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri ndi mawu omveka a chofunikira cha vutoli.

Ndipotu, mapu ozindikira ndi mawonekedwe a ubongo wa munthu. Zimapangidwa ndi neuroni ndi njira zawo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi njira zodzikongoletsa. Chithunzi chilichonse ndi malingaliro zimayambitsa gawo limodzi la nyerere. Mapu amaperekedwa ngati zithunzi za malingaliro ovuta omwe amathandiza ubongo kukhazikitsa zochitika ndi zinthu.

Cholinga chachikulu chokhazikitsa makadi amenewo ndi kukonza zinthu pamutu, kukonza, zonse zomwe zikudziwika pa nkhaniyi, zowunikira. Izi zimapanga chithunzi chonse, ndikuchiyang'ana kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana. Makhadi amalingaliro amakulolani kuti muzigwiritsa bwino ntchito deta, ndipo mumapereka ufulu wochuluka wa kuganiza.

Njira ya zipewa zisanu ndi ziwiri za Edward de Bono, zodzazidwa ndi makadi ozindikira, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi amalonda, opanga mapulani, asayansi, aphunzitsi, ndi oimira ntchito zina. Anthu ambiri otchuka kumadzulo amavomereza kuti nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira mu maphunziro a sukulu

Njira ya De Bona imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masukulu, makamaka ku Ulaya, America, mayiko ena a ku Asia kuyambira pachiyambi.

Njira ya "6 Hats of Thinking" ku sukulu ya pulayimale imapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri mtsogolomu. Mapulogalamu awa amakonda anthu ophunzitsa, chifukwa cha zotsatira zotsatirazi.

1. Ana sachedwa kuphunzira kuganiza mozama, zomwe zimawathandiza kukhala odziimira okha ndi odziimira pawokha. M'tsogolomu, sipadzakhala mavuto omwe angakhale nawo.
2. Chidziwitso ndi chiyambi chabe, koma osati chomaliza. Ichi ndi chida chothandizira panjira yopita kukonza yankho lapadera pa ntchito zosavuta komanso zovuta.
3. Chifukwa cha njirayi, njira yophunzitsira yowopsya imakhala ntchito yeniyeni yophunzira kwa wophunzira, yomwe imapereka zotsatira zenizeni ndipo imalola kupeza njira zina zothetsera mafunso osadziwika kwambiri. Kuphunzira deta, kufufuza zambiri, kuona zosiyana, kulingalira, ophunzira amaphunzira kupeza mayankho a mafunso awo.
4. Ophunzira amaphunzira kulingalira zogwirizana zawo, pogwiritsa ntchito umboni wogwira mtima (mauthenga, zochitika, chiwerengero).

Ophunzira amagwiritsa ntchito kuganiza molakwika m'magulu osiyanasiyana a maphunziro, kuphatikizapo kulemba. Pankhaniyi, aphunzitsi amatha kuwerenga ndondomeko ya wophunzirayo, njira yake yoganiza, ndikuyesa molondola zomwe adaganizira.

Ana amakonda kugwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipewa 6, chifukwa zimangolandira osati kupeza kokha mayankho a mafunso omwe akufunsidwa, komanso kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yosangalatsa.

Maganizo ovuta amapezeka kwa ophunzira a sukulu ya sekondale komanso aang'ono. Kwa ophunzira aang'ono, zidzakhala zosavuta kuzidziwa izo mwanjira ina. Maganizo ofanana amaganiza za kuchuluka kwa kukayikira ndi kukayika mu choonadi chovomerezeka. Ikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi malingaliro anu enieni ndipo mutha kuyiteteza.

Njira yothetsera (zovuta) kuganiza imakhala ndi njira zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizapo gawo lililonse la maphunziro. Njira ya zipewa zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yophunzirira kuganizira mozama.