Nkhaka pa pawindo m'nyengo yozizira: mitundu yabwino, makamaka kulima, ayamikira ndi ndemanga

Kutentha nkhaka, amene akhoza kugulidwa ku amagulako m'nyengo yozizira, siziyenderana kupatula dzina, kotero masamba amene anakonda ndi anthu. No mavitamini mwa iwo, kapena "hrustinki" palibe kukoma kapena kununkhira. Mwachidule, tampering ndi ofuna kugula apamwamba.

Kuti tipeze wosangalala kwambiri kwa dzinja zelentsov zokwanira zenera mu nyumba kum'mwera ndipo amafuna kukhala ndi nyumba "munda". Ndiyamika kuswana ano mbewu ndi zotheka kulima nkhaka pa pawindo m'nyengo yozizira. Kalasi chofunika kale anayesedwa ndi wamaluwa ambiri ankachita masewera.

Kusankha mitundu

Kuti mbewu zabwino kwenikweni ndi nkhaka amphamvu, chonunkhira ndi crunchy, chiyenera kukhala njira ufulu kugula mbewu. Izi ndi zimene akulangizidwa mu ndemanga zawo anakumana wamaluwa:

• makamaka kutenga mitundu chitsamba chilichonse kwa khonde kapena zenera sanali n'zogwirizana ndi mpesa umodzi wautali;
• ndalama posankha kuganizira mitundu zokolola kupewa kukhumudwa pamene anasonkhana;
• yofunika ankaimba ndi kuphweka, chifukwa atakula nkhaka pa pawindo m'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yabwino, ndiwo anthu amene popanda kuyatsa ndi chisamaliro;
• Njira adzakhala kudzikonda mungu hybrids izo popanda Buku kubereketsa zomera ndiponso bwino analekerera kungasokoneze chilengedwe.

njira zimenezi kusankha mbewu akhoza kupulumutsa nthawi posamalira iwo ndi ndalama pamene kugula.

mitundu hybrid

Ngati nthawi zina zapitazo, kusankha zinali zochepa zosiyanasiyana "potted Rytova", lero n'zotheka kusankha iliyonse kukoma Mwachitsanzo:

• "Tsamba ndi khonde F1». zosiyanasiyana ndi mwapadera anapezerapo kudzala nkhaka pa pawindo m'nyengo yozizira. Kodi kukula nkhaka mu malo yaing'ono? Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo ndi luso lawo, koma zosiyanasiyana izi chipereka mpaka makilogalamu 15 pa 1 mita ² patapita masiku 55, ngakhale mkati mphika. Mu hybrid bwino Zelentsy mdima wobiriwira mu mtundu, iwo ali otsika kuyatsa chimapirira kutentha monyanyira.
• "Ekaterina F1» akuyamba kubala zipatso pambuyo masiku 50. Amapatsa nkhaka pa masentimita 20 m'litali, kosamugonjera matenda mthunzi omvetsetsa ndi chisanu. Malinga ndi wamaluwa, osiyana fruiting yaitali ndi mkulu zokolola - mpaka makilogalamu 18 pa 1 mita ^2.
• "Zozulya F1» - izi ndi zabwino nthawi anayesedwa hybrid umene umabweretsa ozizira chachikulu chisanayambe kubala zipatso kwa masiku 45. zipatso lalikulu ndi spikes woyera ndi mfuti. Anthu ambiri amanena kuti ndi chokoma ndi kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
• "Onega F1» - mmodzi wa oyambirira hybrids kukhwima. Maonekedwe a masamba oyamba nkhaka ndi masiku 38 basi. Self-mungu wochokera wosakanizidwa zosiyanasiyana ndi nkhaka yaing'ono bwino oyenera saladi ndi pickling.

Kukula ngati nkhaka pawindo m'nyengo yozizira, m'kalasi kuposa (ndemanga anakumana wamaluwa anachenjeza za) kuleza mtima kwa kutentha, mthunzi-ololera ndi kudzikonda mungu.

nthaka

Molondola anasankha chidebe ndi nthaka zikuchokera anakhumba zidzawonjezera mwachindunji ku malongosoledwe a mitundu za mbewu. Chifukwa chodzala nkhaka woyenera aliyense mphika wa maluwa kapena ndowa pulasitiki, wa osachepera 5 malita pa 1 mbewu. Ngati zosiyanasiyana chitsamba, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mpanda miphika.

Nkofunika kuti chidebe asankhidwa ndi ngalande mabowo. Ngati iwo kulibe, inu muyenera kuchita izo pamanja.

Nthaka osakaniza anapangidwa kuchokera mulingo ofanana nthaka m'munda, mchenga, phulusa, kompositi komanso linakwiriridwa utuchi. Pakuti neutralization a gawo lapansi ayenera calcined mu uvuni kwa adzaphika mphindi 20-30 pa + 100-110 madigiri. pochvosmes yophika ayenera kumasula ndi kutsanulira mu muli. Iwe ukhoza kugula okonzeka zopangidwa nthaka sitolo zapaderazi. tsiku lina pamaso kufesa nthaka pamafunika madzi.

kufesa mbewu

Kukula nkhaka pawindo m'nyengo yozizira, m'kalasi kuposa, malinga ndi alimi m'banja, muyenera kukhala okonzeka chifukwa chodzala mu njira yomweyo mwachizolowezi:

• Kuti decontaminate ndi inoculum, wamaluwa odziwa kupirira amalangiza iwo kwa maola 3 mu njira ofooka permanganate potaziyamu. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti kufesa suti anthu mbewu yekha kuti pa nthawi anakakhala pansi pa galasi. Amene anakhalabe akuyandama pamwamba, sadzalola mbewu yachibadwa, ndipo ngakhale zambiri za mbewu.
• mbewu ayenera zimere, kuti imathandizira pa zikamera wa mbewu, chomwe atakulungidwa mu nsalu kapena minofu wothira zonse kwa masiku awiri. Mlengalenga kutentha ayenera kukhala wochokera madigiri +25 kuti +30. Patapita masiku 2, iwo adzapatsa mizu choyamba.
• mbewu aswa kuponyedwa lonyowa lapansi mabowo chisanadze anapanga kuti akuya 1.5 cm, Potero chidebe yokutidwa ndi cellophane kapena galasi ndipo anaikidwa malo otentha.

Kamodzi akuwombera mbewuzo ❖ kuyanika akhoza alibe ndi kuwayalanso mbande pa malo ozizira pa kutentha kwa madigiri 18.

mapangidwe chitsamba

Mbande anawuka ndipo analimbitsa pamafunika malo owala. Kungakhale zenera sill, khonde kapena pakhonde ndi kutchinjiriza. Features kukula nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira pawindo chakuti palibe drafts, komanso kuonetsetsa okwanira yake ndi kudya. Ambiri, mitundu hybrid ndi wodzichepetsa, koma chitsamba wakula wathanzi ndi wobala zipatso, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kupanga nthawi.

Kuti tichite zimenezi, maonekedwe ali 4-5 masamba pamwamba pa kufunika Prischepa. Izi imayendetsa kukula kwa mphukira mbali, pamwamba lachitatu ndi wachisanu pepala monga kuotcha kukhalabe 2-3 nthambi pa chitsamba-kuuza. Pamene mbali-mphukira adzakhala masamba, ayenera kutsina pa tsamba la khumi. njira imeneyi kupanga amphamvu zimayambira kuti kufunika kumanga kukula.

Izi adzalola chomera kuyamwa kuwala wogawana. Ngakhale pali wosakanizidwa mitundu ambiri, amene mosavuta kulekerera kusaona, nthawi kuchokera November kuthetsa wa February, ndi zofunika pounikira zina tchire.

kuthirira

Nkhaka pa pawindo m'nyengo yozizira (kalasi bwino si zosiyana) ayenera kuthiriridwa tsiku, koma mopepuka kuti nthaka anali wothira. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka ngati zomera zili pafupi atangochimwa radiators. M'pofunikanso humidify mpweya, kupopera zomera madzi m'mawa.

Ngati mizu anaonekera padziko nthaka ayenera n'kuwaza. Izi zimachitika pamene mbewu anakwiriridwa osati mu makapu, ndiyeno kuulukira pansi, koma mwachindunji mu miphika.

Pamene nkhaka pachimake loyamba n'kuwasanganiza, pansi pa mphamvu muyenera kuika mbale wa madzi kutera Mulimonsemo si adzauma, ndipo panali nthawi zonse lonyowa. Mu nthawi yomweyo analimbikitsa kupopera m'mawa ndi madzulo, popeza mpweya youma komanso kusowa mazira chinyezi akhoza kutha.

pamwamba kuvala

Kukula nkhaka pa pawindo m'nyengo yozizira (ndemanga kuti ndi losavuta) ndi kanthu losavuta:

• Pambuyo pa tsamba loyamba mbewu 1 ayenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi njira ya 3 L wa madzi ndi 2 h. L. mchere feteleza. Ngakhale nkhaka akukulira, mlingo wa makapu 1-2 lililonse. Kodi n'kuwasanganiza ndi kuyamba fruiting, 3-4 Art.
• Kuti kutalikitsa nthawi fruiting, ndipo mukhoza kunyengeza kamodzi pa masabata 2-3 kuthirira zomera ndi yankho la 2 L wa madzi ndi 1 chikho njira, zolimbikitsa kukula. Iwo adzafikanso ku vermicompost zothandiza, omwe angakhoze kutsanulira mu chidebe 1 kamodzi pamwezi.

Ambiri m'nyumba wamaluwa amakonda thovu ndi kuchepetsedwa organics, ndi korona ndi sprayed ndi yankho kuwala kwa manganese, nthaka ndi boron. Ngati wopondereza, kuti agwire ntchito iyi, izo adzakupatsani mbewu kwambiri nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira pawindo. The mitundu yabwino ya hybrids amafuna kudya mlungu uliwonse, komanso wamba.

kukolola

Ngati madzi okwanira ndi feteleza anapangidwa zonse, choncho dikirani kuti zokolola oyamba adzakhala ndi kanthawi kochepa. Mbali A nkhaka ndi kuti iwo iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa zonse, osalola zipatso kukula. Kwambiri kukhumudwa okhwima Zelentsy, ndi n'kuwasanganiza latsopano kuoneka mwamsanga.

Pamene iwo amati, iwo amene alibe M'chaka choyamba kukula nkhaka pa sill zenera, mbewu iliyonse zingabweretse kwa zipatso 30 kapena kuposa.

Nsonga anakumana

Anthu ambiri amaganizira kulima nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira pawindo. Nsonga anakumana wamaluwa kuthandiza atsopano kulimbana ndi chinthu sankadziwa kuti iwo:

• Muyenera kudziwa kuti mbewu kuchizidwa Mlengi kuteteza, filimu TACHIMATA, kotero iwo kutsalira kwa masiku 7 kumera ndipo amafuna pafupipafupi ndiponso wodzaza madzi.
• Pamene ntchito kwa seeding mphamvu zazikulu, mtunda wa pakati mabowo ayenera kukhala osachepera 3 cm, kotero kuti pamene Thirani mbande anakulira akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi mtanda wa lapansi ndipo motero musawononge mizu.
• Pamene nyongolosi sizimawoneka, nthaka ndi bwino utsi ndi kuyamba kumwetsa pokhapokha mapangidwe pepala loyamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, inu mukhoza kuyamba feteleza.
• Pamene mbewu anapita pepala lachitatu, kutanthauza kuti ayenera kuziika mu mphika osiyana.
• Inu simungakhoze nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira kuika pafupi ndi windo. Ndi bwino kusiya mpata pakati pa iwo, ndi bwino kukoka gululi kumene chomera tsono angathe umangidwa.
• M'pofunika zonse kuwunika chinyezi ndi nthaka: nkhaka sindimakonda dryness ndi kubwezera ang'ono ndi zipatso owawa.

Mfundozi ang'ono angathandize anthu amene sanasankhebe kukula nkhaka pawindo, kuti muchite izi kusangalala kwambiri ndi opindulitsa chizolowezi.