Nkhani - ndi chiyani ichi? Mitundu ya nkhani: Nkhani ya malamulo, zolowa, ndi ziwiya magazini

Chirasha ndi chikhalidwe chake ndi wapadera. Limodzi ndi mawu womwewo ukhoza kukhala ndi matanthauzo ambiri osiyana ndi kutanthauzira. Zimenezi n'zimene zambiri kukusokonezani alendo amene akuwatsogolera mosochera mu kuphunzira chinenero chathu. Ine ndikufuna kulankhula za zimene ndi luso, zimene mokoma ndi peculiarities la liwu kumeneko.

tanthawuzo

M'pofunikanso kuti nthawi zambiri mawu akuti "nkhani" ntchito kwa maganizo a utolankhani. Nanga ndi mfundo imeneyi? Nkhani - ichi ndi wapadera mtundu wanyimbo a utolankhani, omwe Mlembi Cholinga yosanthula njira chikhalidwe, mavuto ndi zochitika. Komabe, mwina zinthu zonse ziwiri ongolankhula ndi othandiza generalization, kusanthula zakuya za mfundo ndi zochitika. M'pofunikanso kuti nkhani okha zambiri zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zothandiza anthu a.

Mitundu ya nkhani m'magazini

Kodi mwina nkhani ku magazini? Yankho la funso limeneli kukhala osiyana, koma tsopano ine ndikanafuna kuti tione zosiyanasiyana nkhani journalistic. Gulu loyamba ndi lotseguka kwa akatswiri A.A.Tertichnym. Mu maganizo ake, nkhani kungakhale obscheissledovatelskimi, othandiza ndi mawunikidwe ndi polemical. Wina wodziwika sayansi, I.Kadykova, imapereka gulu yosiyana. Malinga ndi maganizo ake, nkhani akhoza patsogolo, mabodza, mabvuto, ongolankhula ndi journalistic. Modernity amakhala ndi digiri wamkulu mitundu itatu yomalizayi, mabodza nkhani ndi zogwirizana okha pa nthawi ya chisankho, koma njira choyamba - kukhala kutsogolera - anali zogwirizana pa kuli mabungwe dziko.

memoir

Imodzi yofunika kwambiri kum'mwera kwa mitundu - Nkhani sayansi. lemba limeneli, lomwe akupereka zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi zinthu zimene. Zingakhale mfundo yofunika kuti, mosiyana ndi nkhani journalistic zimene sizili choncho achindunji dongosolo, nkhani za sayansi ikhale ndi malamulo onse. Only mu nkhani iyi tingathe lofalitsidwa mu magazini ya. Kuwonjezera nkhani za sayansi anapereka zofunika kwambiri zokhudza osati dongosolo komanso mwa njira pamwamba.

Mitundu ya

Onetsetsani kulabadira nkhani mitundu. Nanga iwo? Classifications, pali yaikulu. Pankhaniyi, izo zachokera zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ine ndikufuna kufufuza nkhani kuganizira mitundu ya nkhani m'magazini sayansi:

1. Full kutalika. Cholinga: kudziŵitsa asayansi za zosintha atsopano ku dziko la sayansi (kafukufuku wamakono, chitukuko). voliyumu ndi waukulu ndithu, ndi avareji masamba 8-12 a m'lemba kusindikizidwa. Nkhani zimenezi zinatuluka makamaka ofuna digiri ya sayansi (phungu kapena PhD), ndiponso ophunzira amene akufuna kupeza digiri mbuye.
2. Mwachidule aya. Cholinga cha nkhani - kudziŵitsa asayansi za anakumana nazo zotsatira zimenezo, zachitika mu vuto sayansi. Voliyumu ya nkhani ndi mwachilungamo kakang'ono - mpaka tsamba 6.
3. Kungoganizira. chidwi kwambiri nkhani subspecies, chomwe nthawi zambiri si othandiza chitsimikiziro. Pali akhoza kulembedwa mawunikidwe, malingaliro pa zinthu zina, mfundo. Komabe, kenako m'mabuku amanena ayenera kapena anatsimikizira kapena anatsutsa (zomwe kachiwiri ayenera analidziwitsa antchito onse sayansi kudzera buku la zotsatira).
4. malingaliro Scientific. Nkhaniyi kopitilira muyeso-ang'ono - za theka tsamba lemba typewritten, zimene wolemba Kwa kuona poyera lingaliro, kuyembekezera thandizo lililonse ndi ulemerero wochokera kwa anthu ammudzi, kapena kutsutsako.

Other gulu:

1. Nkhani Scientific ndi ongolankhula. Ichi ndi lemba limene wolemba akupereka zotsatira za kusaka ongolankhula pa vutolo. Chidwi adzakhala mfundo zotsatirazi: ambiri malamulo anatulukira monga mwa kulingalira ongolankhula.
2. Nkhani Scientific ndi othandiza. Lemba mwa iwo zoyenera nawo ntchitoyo ndi umboni. Mbali yofunika kwambiri pa nkhaniyi ndi kudzapereka zotsatira.
3. Nkhani Scientific ndi methodological. Izi ndi review njira, njira ndi zipangizo kuti kukuthandizani kukwaniritsa enieni chifukwa sayansi.

Nkhani pa Intaneti

Timazindikira zina zimene nkhaniyo. Lero, mwapadera ayenera kuperekedwa malemba kuikidwa pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana Internet. Izi latsopano, mtundu wapadera wa nkhani imeneyo kuuzenga kwa anthu kuti olemba. Chofunika mabuku awa? Choyamba ndi wapadera. lemba ayenera kukhala watsopano ndi watsopano, sitiyenera kukopa makasitomala mwa kum'patsa mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri. No "madzi", hackneyed mawu chongosangalatsa. Chinthu chofunika a mtundu umenewu nkhani amatchedwa "mfungulo": ndi mawu ena kapena mawu kuti anthu chimatanthauza mavuto (awa "mfungulo" nthawi zambiri anaikidwa kufufuza injini kupeza mfundo). Ndipo, ndithudi, zinthu zimenezi ndi maganizo osiyana.

1. Maphunziro. lemba limeneli, lomwe kuthandiza anthu kuphunzira nkhani yeniyeni. Nthawi zambiri mu chigawo chino akhoza umaimiridwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana mbuye ndi zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe mwatsatanetsatane za ndondomeko lonse.
2. Information. cholinga chawo chachikulu - malongosoledwe, kukambirana nkhani yeniyeni.
3. Reviews. M'nkhanizi olemba kupereka malongosoledwe a nkhani yeniyeni. Izo zikhoza kukhala Kafukufuku, ndemanga.
4. Zothandiza nsonga. Mmodzi subspecies wa nkhani zimene wolemba amapatsa kuona poyera mndandanda wa malangizo amene angathandize owerenga mu vuto linalake.

Pa chilamulo

Kuyenera ananena kuti mawu akuti "nkhani" ntchito osati utolankhani. Choncho, pali chinthu monga nkhani za lamulo. Ndi chiyani icho? Mwachidule, ndi mbali imodzi ya malemba malamulo. Nkhani za lamulo akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo ndime ziwalo kapena zinthu. Ofunika kukhala wa mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Nkhani ya malamulo imvera manambala kuvomerezedwa (n'kofunika kunena kuti nambala chizindikiritso anatumizidwa ku nkhani, zikutsatiridwa, ngakhale, mwachitsanzo, Code ndi kukonzedwa ndi nkhani chabe lilibe);
• Nkhani ina anadzipereka yekha mpukutu wina wa lamulo ubale.

za ndalama

Izo ziyenera kuti palinso zinthu za ndalama ndi ndalama. Ndi chiyani icho? Kodi molondola chinenerochi izi? mfundo izi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito zachuma ndi zimaonetsa ena maudindo zokhudza ndalama ndi zofunika. Total ndalama bajeti tichipeza limanena nkhani za ndalama ndi ndalama okwana - chiwerengero cha zinthu za ndalama. Kuti mosavuta kumvetsetsa zonse za pamwamba, mawu awa akaonetsetse chitsanzo yosavuta kumva. Monga maziko tikhoza kutenga bajeti wamba wa mabanja ambiri. Kumbali ndalama, ndiye zinthu kudzaza bajeti, ndiye malipiro a ziwalo zake zonse, komanso mitundu ina ya ndalama (ndalama kuchokera bizinesi kunja kwa anthu - "quickies", phindu kwa makina malonda nyumba, yobwereka ichi, etc.). zinthu Mthumba makamaka zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Lendi, ndalama zofunikira - mwezi chofunika ndalama.
2. Mphamvu - ndalama mwezi.
3. Zovala.
4. mankhwala banja, mafuta odzola mankhwala ukhondo.
5. Mayendedwe ndalama.
6. Zina Zambiri (zosangalatsa, yopuma, kukongola - tsitsi, zozipakapaka, mphatso, thumba ndalama).

About Temin-abale

Kawirikawiri anthu akhoza kukhala ndi chidwi pa nkhani yoti pali lofanana ndi mawu akuti "nkhani". Choncho, tiyenera kunena kuti mawu amodzi, kuti m'malo akuti, kulibe. Komabe, si wowopsa. Inu nthawi zonse kupeza njira zina. Pankhani kutanthauzira journalistic mawu oti "nkhani" akhoza m'malo ndi mawu akuti "Mawu" (mwachitsanzo, "mawu") kapena "buku". Pa kumasulira malamulo ndi chuma ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, zikhoza kupezeka njira zina yaitali.