Nyanja ya Okhotsk: mavuto a zachilengedwe ndi njira zawo

Kwa zaka zambiri, zachilengedwe padziko lonse ali akuchenjeza. kuwonongeka kwa malo ndi mayendedwe popemphera. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe kusintha zinthu, chifukwa mu kuchepetsa nyama ndi zomera anthu. mitundu kutha palimodzi. Ena zigawo ndi akumane kwambiri, pamene ena ndi otetezeka.

Vuto lina zachilengedwe tsopano ankaona kuipitsa nyanja ndi nyanja. The akumane kwambiri pankhani imeneyi ndi Pacific Ocean ndi madzi ake. kugombe Russian tinatchulidwa ndi nyanja m'chigawo. Mmodzi wa iwo - nyanja ya Okhotsk. mavuto Environmental si koma monga lakuthwa, ndipo ankaona mwachilungamo woyera mpaka posachedwapa. Koma chaka chilichonse zinthu kumeneko chatsika.

Makhalidwe a nyanja ya Okhotsk

thupi ili la madzi amatsuka kugombe la Russia ndi Japan. Iwo ndi wosiyana ndi Pacific Ocean Kamchatka Peninsula Islands Kuril ndi chilumba cha Hokkaido. Koma mpaka suona ndi kumtunda nyanja, koma amalankhulira ndi madzi nyanja kudzera m'mavuto a. Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi imodzi mwa kuya ku Russia: kuya ake pazipita ukufika za 4 makilomita. m'dera ndi gulu lalikulu la madzi - zoposera zikwi makilomita lalikulu. Lonse gawo kumpoto kwa nyanja ali ndi ayezi miyezi yoposa isanu, zikhale zovuta ntchito nsomba ndi kayendedwe. Mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa, pa gombe la Japan, nyanja ya Okhotsk pafupifupi saundana ndipo madzi ake ali wolemera mu nsomba ndi zomera zambiri. Mbali yapadera ya mosungiramo imeneyi ndi chakuti zambiri za gombe lake ndi indented ndipo ali kumalo ambiri. Ena zigawo ndi akumane seismically, kuchititsa ambiri mkuntho ndi ngakhale tsunami. Zikuluzikulu zitatu mitsinje - ndi Amur, Kusaka ndi Kukhtui - kuyenda mu nyanja ya Okhotsk. mavuto Environmental nawonso chikugwirizana ndi malo omwe zidzachitika.

Resources a m'dera

Nyanja ya Okhotsk si wolemera kwambiri mu nsomba chifukwa cha kutentha kwake. Koma pali ndithu nsomba otukuka. Resources ya Okhotsk Nyanja ndi dera mavuto chilengedwe n'zogwirizana. Ndithudi, ndendende chifukwa cha zipangizo nsomba ndi mafuta biosystem mavuto. Ncho m'dera wapatali m'madzi nsomba: duwa m'nyanja zikuluzikulu pollock, hering'i, fulonda. Pali zosiyanasiyana nsomba - chum, pinki, coho ndi ena. Komanso pali opezeka wotchuka kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri m'madzi nkhanu, pali nyama ndi urchins nyanja. Pali mu Okhotsk Nyanja ndi nyama zam'madzi: zisindikizo, zisindikizo, zisindikizo ndi anamgumi. Common wofiira ndi zofiirira algae, amenenso zili zofunika malonda gwero. M'dera zikawonongeka mosungiramo anapeza mafuta ndi gasi, komanso ena zitsulo osowa.

mavuto Environmental la nyanja ya Okhotsk

Mwachidule, longosolani zovuta zawo chifukwa dera akukumana ndi mabvuto. Tikuyankhula zokhudza iwo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20, koma vuto ndi anawonjezera okha. Kulekanitsidwa gombe la East Asia, Kamchatka ndi Sakhalin Island kawirikawiri kuganizira nyanja ya Okhotsk. mavuto Environmental a m'dera tingaone motere:

- kuipitsa mafuta galimoto zosiyanasiyana amadzimadzi ndi migodi ndi kuyenga;

- madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja wowonongedwa ndi ili pa magombe a zinyalala midzi zochita za anthu;

- kugwera mitsinje nyanja zitatu zazikulu ndi angapo ang'onoang'ono. Iwo kunyamula pa madzi awo kuda ntchito mafakitale anthu. Ndipo ku mitsinje Kamchatka, nyanja angamachite wambirimbiri zinthu organic ndi phenols ku Peninsula ili peatland;

- ziwiya aliyense nyanja kupita ndi akumane zosawononga chilengedwe madzi nyanja ndi anthu ake. Komanso kukonzedwa mankhwala ndi mafuta akulamula zinyansi kuwataya pa nyanja, biosystem zachilengedwe kuphwanya phokoso, ndi maginito ndipo magetsi kumunda;

- poaching - komanso ndi wina wa vuto Okhotsk Sea. Sheya mu ulemu wa mitundu nsomba nsomba ndi m'madzi nyama nkhanza anawononga phindu.

kuipitsidwa mafuta

Poyerekeza ndi nyanja ina ya dziwe poyamba zinkaoneka kuti ndi otetezeka zachilengedwe. Ndipotu, pa gombe pali aakulu mafakitale kupanga, osati ncho mchere. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwapa, mavuto a zachilengedwe a Nyanja Okhotsk akhala kovuta chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa mafuta. Izi zimachitika kuchokera kuchuluka ziwiya pa mafuta nyanja lililonse kukonzedwa mankhwala, lubricants nasamba stormwater meltwater ku malo mwa nyanja komanso madoko. Ndipotu, mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk kutumiza ikukula chaka chilichonse chifukwa ndi njira yokhayo kulumikiza kumtunda ndi Kuril Islands, Sakhalin ndi Kamchatka. Komanso, chiwopsezo cha kudetsedwa a dera ili chawonjezeka chifukwa chitukuko cha mafuta ndi gasi. Zimakhudzira nkhani komanso zimaonetsa wogwidwa ndi nyanja ya Okhotsk. mavuto malo kulimbikitsa ndi kukhalapo kwa mafunde, lalikulu mafunde, komanso mphepo yamkuntho ndi kusefukira kwa madzi. Zonsezi kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mafuta anayala pa maulendo ataliatali poizoni zamoyo zonse.

Flora ndi zinyama

mavuto chilengedwe Nyanja Okhotsk ali makamaka zokhudzana ndi chakuti kutha mitundu ina ya nsomba ndi nyama zam'madzi. Makamaka anakhudzidwa ndi anamgumi ndi zisindikizo, omwe pang'ono. Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri kulimbana poaching ndi kumwetsa kuwagwira iwo. Livestock wapatali mitundu malonda a nsomba, makamaka nsomba, amagwiritsidwa yafupika kwambiri. Kuyambira ndi kwa kuipitsa madzi m'madzi ndi mankhwala mafuta a mtengo malonda kwambiri m'munsi. kuopsa malo anasonyeza chiwerengero cha algae yotulutsa zosowa osiyanasiyana m'banja.

Pothetsa mavuto a Nyanja Okhotsk

Pa zachilengedwe a dera anayamba kulankhula kokha m'zaka 20 mochedwa. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi zachilengedwe zinkamveka Alamu chifukwa cha kuwuka kuipitsa madzi ndi mankhwala mafuta. Kuwonjezera njira ochiritsira yothetsera mavuto a zachilengedwe zaka pakhala zingapo zimene mungachite kuti kuwongolera zinthu m'chigawo:

- anapereka kutembenukira Kamchatka ndi madzi pafupi mu dziko gidrobioresursny malo m'gulu mndandanda wa kuteteza malo World Heritage;

- pempholo china - kumanganso lonse dziko chuma cha Kamchatka ndi ufulu izo pa imfa yopanga mafakitale;

- amaona kuti n'kofunika perekani ndi nyanja ya Okhotsk udindo wa nyanjayi la Chitaganya cha Russia. Izi zingathandize kupewa mavuto ambiri: nsomba mopanda chilolezo, kuipitsidwa ochokera m'mayiko ena ndi makhoti;

- ndikofunika kuthana ndi chiwonongeko kumwa nyama zam'madzi - opha nyama.

Pokhapokha ngati njira kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto a zachilengedwe m'derali, n'zotheka kupulumutsa biosystem lapadera Nyanja Okhotsk.