Features ya Black Sea nyama ndi zomera. Nyanja Black: Chidwi Mfundo

Inu mukudziwa chimene Nyanja Black? anthu ambiri adzati: "Inde, ndithudi" Pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi mudzaona kuti ntchito bwino Nyanja Black ndi losaya kwambiri.

The nyama ndi zomera la Nyanja Black

The mawonekedwe panopa pa Nyanja Black chinapangidwa pa Zakachikwi lomaliza. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nyanja uyu ali otsika mchere zili padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi mokoma kwambiri zimakhudza khungu lathu.

Black Sea - kumpoto mayiko ambiri. Pa m'mphepete mwake mukhoza amasirira mitengo ya kanjedza, bulugamu, mitengo Magnolia, udzu ndi nthumwi zina zambiri zomera. Umagwirizanitsa Nyanja Black ndi Mediterranean chifukwa zinyama osiyanasiyana. Nyanja Black Inde, si choncho wolemera oimira dziko nyama koma chidwi kwambiri kafukufuku. Tsopano chilichonse.

masamba dziko

Masiku ano, zinyama nyanja zikuphatikizapo 270 mitundu ya algae: wobiriwira, zofiirira, zofiira pansi (Cystoseira, phyllophora, eelgrass, kladofora, Ulvi, etc.). Timayandama wakufayo kwambiri - 600. mitundu. Ena mwa iwo ndi dinoflagellates, diatoms, ndi ena.

dziko nyama

Ngati Tikayerekeza ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean, ndi zinyama Black ndi osauka kwambiri. Nyanja Black wakhala malo kwa mitundu ya nyama 2500. Pakati pawo, 500 tating'ono, nkhanu 500, 200 nkhono ndi inakhala 160. Onse - zosiyanasiyana invertebrates. Zinyama Nyanja Mediterranean, poyerekezera ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu 9 zikwi.

Nyanja Black ali osiyanasiyana amenewa, madzi ozizira amtengo ndi kukhalapo kwa sulfide wa hydrogen pa kuya kwambiri. Zonsezi chifukwa zomera ndi osauka. Nyanja Black ndi oyenera mitundu malo Hardy kuti pa zonse magawo chitukuko awo popanda kuya kwambiri.

Pansi pa nyanja moyo oysters, mamazelo ndi zolusa nkhono pects - rapana amene adalowa zombo Far. Pakati pa miyala ndi mphako ya ovuta wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja angapezeke nkhanu ndi shrimp. zomera Chordate kwa Nyanja Black m'malo osauka, koma osiyana ndi ofufuza chakwanira. Komanso, pali mitundu yambiri ya modabwitsa (makamaka Rhizostoma ndi Aurelia), thonje ndi anemones.

The nyama ndi zomera la Nyanja Black: dzina la nsomba

Mu Nyanja Black zimapezeka mitundu ya nsomba:

• goby (Golovach, chikwapu, mitengo, martovik Rota)
• anchovy (Azovskaya ndi Black Sea)
• nsombazi, spiny dogfish,
• Zisanu mitundu mullet,
• fulonda, fulonda,
• Hake (hake)
• bluefish,
• goatfish,
• M'madzi ruff ,
• nsomba ya makerele,
• kavalo nsomba ya makerele,
• haddock,
• hering'i,
• sprat ndi ena.

Komanso, pali mitundu ya Nsombazi: beluga, Nsombazi (a Azov ndi Nyanja Black). zomera si choncho osauka Nyanja Black - nsomba pano kwambiri.

Palinso mitundu oopsa kwa nsomba: nyanja chinjoka (zoopsa kwambiri - spines chakupha gill chimakwirira ndi dorsal chipsyepsye), chinkhanira nsomba, stingray, stingray, yomwe ili mchira wa minga zaululu.

Mbalame ndi nyama

Choncho, anthu a ku Black Sea, iwo ndi ndani? Kulankhula pang'ono za zomera ang'ono. Mwa mbalame: gulls, petrels, abakha ndi cormorants madzi. Nyama awa akuimira: anamgumiwa (wamba dolphin ndi anamgumiwa botolo), porpoise (wochedwanso Nyanja ya Azov dolphin) ndi woyera-bellied chisindikizo.

Rapa - mlendo ochokera Kummawa

Anthu a Nyanja Black sanali poyamba ankakhala izo. Ambiri a iwo anabwera kuno kupyola Bosporus ndi Dardanelles. The chifukwa anali aliyense wa wawo chidwi.

Zolusa nkhono rapana anagunda Nyanja Black mu 1947. Chibwenzi, anadya pafupifupi anthu onse ya nkhono ndi scallops. Young brine, kupeza ochitiridwayo, ndi mokhomerera lakuya ndi kumwa nkhani. Akuluakulu kusaka pang'ono osiyana - iwo secrete ntchofu, amene zimandiwumitsa wovulalayo makutu Zimathandizanso kuti chilombo kudya nkhono popanda mavuto. Chimodzimodzi Rapanu Panalibe vuto, chifukwa chifukwa amenewa otsika wa madzi mu nyanja si ake adani chachikulu - starfish.

Rapa edible. Kukoma ndi amatikumbutsa Nsombazi. Akukhulupirira kuti rapana ndi wachibale wake wapafupi wa pangozi zipolopolo nkhono imene Foinike anapanga utoto wofiirira.

spiny dogfish nsombazi

M'madzi Black Sea zinyama si yosiyanasiyana, koma chidwi kwambiri. Umapezeka ngakhale mtundu umodzi wa nsombazo. Izi dogfish spiny, kapena monga kutchedwa, spiny dogfish. Sangafanane Chimakula kuposa mita m'litali ndi amayesa kusunga kuya kumene madzi ndi yozizira ndipo palibe anthu. Pakati pa Rybakov Katran ndi mpikisano weniweni. Mfundo yakuti mafuta nsombazi chiwindi ndi mankhwala. Komabe nsombazi zingakhale zowopsa anthu, monga dorsal ake zipsepse ndi spikes poizoni.

modabwitsa

Nthawi zambiri, m'nyanja pali mitundu iwiri ya modabwitsa: Aurelia ndi Rhizostoma. Rhizostoma - The waukulu modabwitsa Black Sea, pamene Aurelia M'malo mwake, wamng'ono. Aurelia, monga ulamuliro, sizikula oposa 30 masentimita awiri. Koma Rhizostoma akhoza kufika masentimita 50.

Aurelia si chakupha, ndipo Rhizostoma zinachitikira kukhudzana anthu zingachititse amayaka ofanana ndi mbola. Izo zimayambitsa redness wofatsa woyaka, mu nthawi zina - ngakhale matuza. Rhizostoma ali ndi mtundu bluish ndi mzikiti wofiirira. Ngati mukuona modabwitsa mu madzi, tingozitenga izo kwa mzikiti ndi kuchoka naye. Dome, mosiyana tentacles ndi, si poizoni.

Mukapume pa Black Sea magombe mwadala kufunafuna msonkhano ndi modabwitsa chakupha. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti Rhizostoma ululu ali mankhwala. Rumor ali kuti acimbadzoza thupi lake modabwitsa, akhoza kuchiritsa wotuluka sciatica. Ndi zoona kuti ali maphunziro sayansi ndi zothandiza. Chithandizo mankhwala izi wosatenga komanso chifukwa cha kuvutika kwa mtima, ndi modabwitsa.

losonyeza nyanja

Pakati pa zomera okhala m'Nyanja ya Black, pali wina zachilendo maonekedwe - noktilyuka, iye noctiluca scintillans. Izi chilombo ndere amene zakudya tichipeza zinthu okonzeka zopangidwa organic. Koma chachikulu Mbali noktilyuki - luso phosphorescence. Ndi algae izi mu August zingaoneke kuti Nyanja Black ali.

Dead Sea kuya

Bwino ndi anthu a nyanja wokondedwa, kuyang'ana pa angapo mfundo zosangalatsa. Nyanja Black ndi yaikulu kwambiri anoxic madzi thupi lonse. Moyo madzi ake sangakhale pa akuya mamita 200 chifukwa mkulu wa ndende sulphide wa hydrogen kumeneko. Kwa zaka zambiri, nyanja yanena anasonkhanitsa matani oposa biliyoni cha sulfide wa hydrogen, yomwe ndi chipatso cha ntchito yofunika ya mabakiteriya. Pali lomwe mu nthawi ya maonekedwe a Nyanja Black (zaka 7200 zapitazo), izo anapha anthu a Black Sea madzi oyera m'nyanja zakale ndi kale. Chifukwa cha iwo, pansi pa nkhokwe anasonkhanitsa wa methane ndi sulfide wa hydrogen. Koma ichi ndi nkhambakamwa, amene kutali kuti si anatsimikizira. Ndipo dziwani kuti ndi chifukwa zili mkulu wa sulfide wa hydrogen mu nyanja zinyama wosauka.

Nyanja Black ali ndi okhutira mkulu wa madzi, amenenso ali kungasokoneze ena mwa anthu ake. mfundo ndi yakuti inu kutuluka madzi mtsinje sangathe asanduke nthunzi bwinobwino. A madzi mchere umalowa mu nyanja makamaka Bosphorus Khwalala, omwe si kokwanira kuthandiza bwino mchere.

Pali malingaliro ambiri okhudza chiyambi cha dzina la Nyanja Black. Koma mmodzi wa iwo zikuoneka kuti ndithu kwambiri. Kukoka nangula mwa madzi Black Sea, amalinyero anadabwa mtundu wawo - nangula linada. Ichi chinali chifukwa zimene zitsulo ndi sulfide wa hydrogen ndi. Mwina n'chifukwa chake nyanja walandira dzina tikudziwa lero. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mmodzi wa mayina woyamba adawomba ngati "kuya akufa nyanja." Tsopano ife tikudziwa mmene akumvera.

m'madzi mtsinje

N'zosadabwitsa pansi pa Nyanja Black umayenda ndi mtsinje weniweni. Iwo zimachokera ku Bosporus ndi masamba pafupifupi mazana makilomita mu ndime madzi. Malinga zosatsimikiza (panobe) asayansi, pa mapangidwe Nyanja Black kumene Crimea Korinto pakati pa mbalambanda ndi Nyanja Mediterranean zikadzawonongedwa, madzi chimadzaza m'dera la masiku ano Black Sea, aumbike mwa maukonde dziko la kunkhondo. Pa chimodzi cha izo lero, m'madzi mtsinje ukuyenda mchere madzi, amene sasintha malangizo ake.

Chifukwa m'madzi madzi si kusakaniza ndi madzi a m'nyanja? Mfundo lonse pali kusiyana mu kachulukidwe ndi kutentha. M'madzi mtsinje madigiri ochepa yozizira kuposa nyanja. Ndipo mwamphamvu chifukwa okhutira mkulu wa mchere, chifukwa chakudya cha mchere wambiri Mediterranean Sea. Mtsinje umayenda pamodzi pansi, onyamula madzi awo pansi pa kumveka. zigwa awa, m'chipululu, monga dziko ofotokoza n'zosathandiza moyo. M'madzi mtsinje zimawapatsa mpweya ndi chakudya kuti kubwera imathandiza, anapatsidwa kuchuluka kwa sulfide wa hydrogen mu kuya kwa nyanja Black. N'zotheka kuti m'chipululu awa ndi moyo. Moyo mu "nyanja ya sulfide wa hydrogen", yomwe ili pansi pa nyanja Black. Amenewa ndi chidwi mawu masewera.

Mwa njira, ndi hunch kuti pali mtsinje m'madzi amadziwika ndi Agiriki akale. Kusambira nyanja, iwo anaponya katundu kuchokera m`chombo, zaikidwa chingwe. Mtsinjewo kukoka katundu, ndi pamodzi naye ndipo ngalawa, zimveke kwa anthuwo.

Pomaliza

Choncho, lero ife tinapeza amene okhala Nyanja Black. Lembani maina ndi anatithandiza kuzidziwa. Tinaphunzira kwa inu kuposa Nyanja Black isiyana ndi ena, ndipo kodi zinsinsi zibisika chikhalidwe cha madzi ake amphamvu. Tsopano, kupita pa tchuthi Nyanja amakonda, tidzakhala nacho chinachake kuti tisangalatse abwenzi ako, nuwauze kuti ana Nditchimo.