Chitsanzo cha ndondomeko chikhalidwe

Masiku ano, pali zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za ndondomeko chikhalidwe m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mu Russia lero, ife tisatongwa kucitambo kwambiri kukhala boma chikhalidwe, osati mu mawu koma ntchito, monga kwalembedwa mu Constitution. Woyamba kwambiri dongosolo moyo chikhalidwe imatengedwa unakhazikitsidwa m'ma 19 German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck a chikhalidwe chitetezo malamulo, zimene zinaphatikizapo oyamba a zochitika zapadera magulu zothandiza anthu. m'njira imeneyi ankaona thupi-ndiwofatsa, monga mmene yakhala lolunjika pa kusiyana chikhalidwe. ufulu wa nzika zimadalira udindo wawo.

M'maiko panopa European, pali zitsanzo zitatu chikhalidwe malamulo, amene angatchedwe ndiwofatsa, American-British ndi Social-Democratic.

Mu chitsanzo choyamba, boma ndi udindo okha nkhani ya ubwino chikhalidwe. chitsanzo amenewa anatsatira mu Germany, France, Austria, Belgium. Mu Germany West, otchedwa "chikhalidwe msika chuma" unayamba mu 1946, lingaliro limene linali polenga zinthu kudziletsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa nzika za chuma. ndalama za inshuwalansi chikhalidwe ndalama ndi bwana ndi wantchito, ndi anasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa ntchito. Mu pempheroli, chikhalidwe inshuwalansi mfundo za ufulu kupeza chithandizo kwa anthu amene anaperekapo ku thumbali.

chitsanzo china, wotchedwa ndi British kapena American-British - dongosolo kuti amalola boma nzika yekha mtengo wa moyo.

Ubwino amalipidwa kwa aliyense amene ali pa msinkhu ang'onoang'ono. Izi akulimbana thandizo chikhalidwe ku Boma osaukitsitsa wa anthu. Ichi chitsanzo cha ndondomeko chikhalidwe cha boma kugwira England, ndi United States of America, Australia.

Ndipo potsiriza, mmodzi kwambiri chitsanzo wakhala akuyendera Ufumu wa Sweden. Chikhalidwe demokalase chitsanzo umatchedwanso Norse, monga ukugwira ntchito angapo mayiko a ku Scandinavia - Norway, Finland ndi Denmark. Lachitsanzo Scandinavia la mlingo wa kusokonekera ndalama zolowa ndi apamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo yapita awiri. Oimira magulu osiyanasiyana chikhalidwe ndi ufulu wofanana ndi kulemekeza chikhalidwe chitetezo. Mu Ufumu wa Sweden a Democrats Social analenga dongosolo kuti inachokera pa makonzedwe wamba onse malipiro wamoyo. Mu pempheroli, chikhalidwe mfundo nawo chidwi cha ndalama ofalitsidwa ndi boma, makamaka amachititsa anzawo a anthu a dziko. The mbali yofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko chikhalidwe (chikhalidwe, umoyo, maphunziro) anaperekedwa kwa mizinda yambiri. Zolinga zikuluzikulu za amakhazikitsa malamulo chikhalidwe "Swedish sosholisimu" amatchedwa 100% ntchito ndi kufanana ndalama. Kukwaniritsa zolinga zimenezi ikuchitika kudzera kusokonekera ndalama kudzera ndondomeko msonkho,

Kwa Russia, padutsa chidwi kwambiri Scandinavia zosinthika, kuyambira mu dziko lathu zinachitikira mgwirizano chikhalidwe ndi ochepa, koma maukwati ndi ndi ofooka. Social-demokalase buku la boma moyo kuti kuloledwa kufika kukondera pakati pa boma, likulu ndi ntchito. Mawu oyamba oyambirira lonse pang'onopang'ono kwa dongosolo msonkho, monga Masewerera a Nordic chitsanzo, achititsa kukwaniritsidwa wamkulu chilungamo chikhalidwe mu Russia. Izi chitsanzo paternalistic mfundo chikhalidwe adzakhala chidwi Russia kwambiri. Komabe, kubwera lamulo udindo chikhalidwe mu Russia silingakhale zotheka mpaka unsembe neoliberal sati yalunjika umodzi chikhalidwe ndi mgwirizano chikhalidwe.