Ojambula zithunzi Modern - woimira kalembedwe zamakono

Malangizo Art, yafala khumi lotsiriza la XIX atumwi ndi oyambirira XX atumwi, kaphatikizidwe utuluke monga expressionism, abstractionism, cubism, Dadaism, Futurism, Surrealism, wotchedwa chimakono. Ndi osakaniza stylistic malangizo kupenta kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma.

Art Nouveau ndi chiyani?

Choncho, aluso ano akanakhoza kukhala ndi mbali zina, amene anatuluka wina ndi mzake, kukhala chinthu chatsopano poyerekezera ndi amene m'mbuyomu. Ku French moderne likumasuliridwa kuti "wamakono." Art Nouveau atayamba mayiko onse a ku ulaya ndi America. Ambiri a iwo anali nawo maina awo: Art Nouveau, Art Nouveau, "mapeto a m'nthawi ya", Liberty ndi ena. Onsewo akuimira malangizo atsopano mu luso, akamanena za amene sanali kuwonetsedwa zenizeni dziko, ndi kulanda ndi chinsalu zotengera malingaliridwe awo dziko la munthu kulenga. Mapepala ena amasonyeza kuti wojambula-modernist amakana cholowa chikhalidwe, mu ena amanena kuti iye anakana mizere molunjika ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino. Ndiye zimene Cubism? Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma panali ambiri mafunde osiyana, zinthu, magulu ndi mabungwe anaberekera talente yatsopano, ndi mawu zina luso, ndi azimuth latsopano wasonkhanitsa iwo lingaliro onse ambiri a kukonzanso dziko pansi mbendera yake ogwirizana andakatulo onse Russian wa nthawi yomweyo Silver Age.

Youth nthawi zonse amafuna zosintha

Childs, innovators anali amuna achinyamata, luso, pachiyambi, anali onse chidwi, iwo ankamuda maziko ankafuna kukwaniritsa mawu pazipita, kulenga Zolengedwa awo mu chithunzi chomwecho. Ndithudi, chimakono - kalembedwe makamaka maganizo luso. Monga tanena kalembedwe yamakono ya kupenta ndi zomangamanga nalo dzina ndendende mu Russia ndipo, ndithudi, anali ndi makhalidwe yake dziko. Pali maganizo tili, iye mwanjira anangotengeka, panalibe kutchulidwa bwino. Mwina zinali chifukwa Russia kwambiri lonse la - kwambiri aluso waluntha, ambiri a masukulu ndi zinthu, ndi lingaliro lililonse zichokera kunja, wobwezera mitundu mitundu.

School of Art Nouveau ku Russia

Russian modernist ojambula zithunzi monga Bilibin ndi Borisov-Musatov, Vasnetsov ndi Vrubel ndi Golovin, Malyutin ndi Nesterov, mkazi modernist Golubkina, Polenova Yakunchikova mu ntchito yake resonated ndi kachitidwe onse European, koma anabweretsa mbali ano dziko ndi chikhalidwe. kalembedwe uyu agona mu ntchito zina za Kandinsky ndi Korovin, Levitan ndi Petrov-Vodkin, Roerich ndi Serov. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma mu Russia panali mabuku amene amalimbikitsa maganizo a Art Nouveau - mwezi magazini "Kusamala", magazini "Art ndi Art Makampani" ndi "World wa Art", zikubweretsa kanjedza amene ankatsogoleranso zilandiridwenso Russian Art Nouveau. Yowala kwambiri iwo Bakst ndi Benois, Dobuzhinsky ndi Somov. Ndiyamika mayina izi mukhoza kulingalira wosanjikiza wamphamvu ameneyu osiyana, koma ogwirizana ndi malo wamba la matalente zilandiridwenso.

Oimira yowala kwambiri masitayeloŵa

Modernist wojambula Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin (1876-1942 gg.), Wotchuka buku Illustrator ndi gawo mlengi, anali membala wa "Padziko Lonse wa Art". chithunzi wake ndi Boris Kustodiev 1901 mwangwiro limawapatsa chithunzi cha nthumwi bohemians matauni ndi luso Nouveau. mawu enieni woyeneradi Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910 gg.). ojambula zithunzi ano, n'zofanana ndi ophiphiritsa ndi kalembedwe choyambirira wapadera kulemba, si choncho adzalemekezedwa ndi mbadwo wake, ndi Stasov ndi izo sizimamutsutsa. Pa ntchito ya wojambula ndi tsoka tsoka akadali kukangana. mafanizo ake M. Yu. Lermontova chodabwitsa, wotchedwa Block zojambula Vrubel zojambula whimsical kubedwa kwa muyaya. Wojambula ankaona anayambitsa Russian modernist kalembedwe, pa gwero lake.

The ndende ya luso mu Russia kumayambiriro kwa nyengo

Wina wodziwika wamphamvu, kuimira Russian modernist kujambula Nikolay Rerih (1874-1947 gg.), Yemwe anawatsogolera kuyanjana "World wa Art". Iye anali mosalekeza umunthu. Pa moyo, onse mu Russia ndi kunja komwe anasamuka mu 1917, iye analemba oposa 7,000 zojambula. Koma Roerich adakali wolemba, katswiriyo, katswiri wa nzeru lachinsinsi, wapaulendo, ndipo chiwerengerochi anthu. Imodzi mwa zojambula wotchuka kwambiri, olembedwa pa nthawi ino, - "kunja alendo" mu 1901.

Russian Art Nouveau anali chodabwitsa zamphamvu zimene analanda luso chabwino, zomangamanga, mabuku, makampani ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchuluka zodabwitsa talente, wambiri mitu iwiri, kuganizira onse nyumba Art Nouveau m'dziko latsopano anali pa msanga. Kukwera amakono ambiri sanatenge - iwo anasamuka, ndi malangizo lalikulu mu ntchito ya amisiri Soviet anakhala zokomera Kuzindikira.

Short, koma yowala kwambiri malangizo

The bwino modernist zojambula, zapamwamba panopa kukometsera zakale zonse za mdziko. Nsalu ndi mfundo za zinthu zochititsa chidwi Russian. Vrubel, Vasnetsov, Roerich, Kustodiev ndi ena kuzindikira ndi okondedwa. Amene sakudziwa Vasnetsov ngwazi kapena Vrubel a tsekwe Mfumukazi, ndi Chiwanda wake kapena Pan? Wokongola, mwachinsinsi, lachinsinsi, kaso ndi yapadera, ali oyenera ngakhale nthawi yochepa, koma stratum yofunika kwambiri mu luso Russian.

Kufotokoza, tikhoza kunena kuti oimira ambiri lililonse ndi chidwi kwambiri modernist ojambula zithunzi za m'ma 20 - ndi Alfons Muha, Edvard Munch, Pol Gogen ndi mwathu muno - Ivan Bilibin, Mikhail Vrubel ndi Nikolay Rerih.