Opilkobeton: ndemanga za omanga. Makoma a monolithic a utuchi wa konkire

zakuthupi uwu wapangidwa ndi otetezedwa, woyera ndi masoka zigawo (opilkobetona zikuchokera: mchenga, simenti nkhuni tchipisi). Ndi wokhutira wa filler organic (tchipisi), midadada zotero wabwino phokoso kungolandira ntchito ndi mlingo wochepa wa madutsidwe matenthedwe. Mwa magawo ake, zinthu izi kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi nkhuni ndipo amatipatsa khalidwe microclimate m'dera zogona.

Kupanga manja anu

opilkobetona wa midadada silingakhoze kokha kupeza, komanso kupanga awo, kuchita zimenezi muyenera:

• filler organic monga tchipisi matabwa kapena utuchi;
• sulphate aluminiyamu kapena laimu;
• Portland polimbikitsa M300;
• madzi;
• zowonjezera mchere, ndicho waterglass, calcium enaake, sulphate soda ndi asidi ammonium.

Opilkobeton akhoza kusiyana ndi kapangidwe ndi luso lokonzekera, nkhani zina mchere ndi binders. Pofuna kuonjezera mphamvu, mchenga zambiri ntchito.

Yopanga opilkobetona ikuchitika malinga chiwembu zotsatirazi:

• kusakaniza chisanadze anayeza chiwerengero cha mchenga, simenti laimu ndi filler;
• mu chotengera ndi madzi kupasuka ndi opangidwa zowonjezera onse mchere;
• yankho lomwe linakonzedwa, kuwonjezera kusakaniza okonzeka youma;
• zikuchokera lonse bwinobwino osokonezeka.

M'pofunika kudziwa kuti zigawo okonzeka sayenera kutha mu dzanja lanu. Zikatero, m'pofunika kuwonjezera binders ndi kachiwiri zonse bwinobwino. Solidification ndi oipa ophunzitsidwa mayunitsi wosakwiya, kotero kuti iwo anasonkhana mphamvu zawo, ayenera kutenga miyezi ingapo.

Monga ulamuliro, n'zotheka kubala miyala zamitundu osiyanasiyana a nkhaniyi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kukhala ndi njira yapadera kuti ndi pansi zochotseka. Ndiye anatsanulira zigawo okonzeka osakaniza ndi mosalekeza ting'onoting'ono basi, pambuyo akamaliza kuchoka zonse zofunika kutsanulira. Komanso, midadada ayenera kuchotsedwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku malo amene sakhala dzuŵa ndi chinyontho, kumene iwo potsiriza zastynut ndipo mudzapeza mphamvu zoyenera.

malamulo opanga

Pofuna kuti khalidwe opilkobeton, muyenera kutsatira malamulo:

1. Utuchi anawonjezera kuti madzi pambuyo akakhala bwinobwino wosanganiza ndi mchenga binders mu mawonekedwe youma. Madzi umayenda okha chakudya chochepa ndi ulimi wothirira nyuzi ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono.
2. Chapakati ndi Kuwonjezera wa madzi akuti ndi kuchuluka kwake, kuyambira kuchepa cake adzakhala asokoneza. Ndipo ngati ndi yambiri ya - kuyanika ndi oipa sadzatero cholakwika.
3. Ndiye muyenera kuonanso ubwino wa chinthu. Ngati zonse zikuchitika molondola, pa psinjika m'dzanja la zinthu si kugwa popanda ndipo adzakupatsani chinyezi mosavuta.
4. Kamodzi paketi ndi kudzachiritsidwa kwathunthu, pamwamba pake ayenera bwino overwritten kumbali zonse ndi simenti kapena pulasitala. The formwork akhoza kuchotsedwa patapita masiku 5 udzachitike.
5. Pofuna zokulitsa moyo mpanda wa nkhaniyi, mukhoza m'malo pulasitala kwa akukumana njerwa.

khalidwe

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangamanga, amene ntchito yomanga nyumba, pakati pawo makamaka kuonetsetsa opilkobeton, amene ali ubwino wake osiyana:

• zinthuzi yaiwisi akhoza zimachitika m'gulu la opepuka konkire;
• chuma ndi mokwanira bwino katundu matenthedwe kutchinjiriza;
• makoma midadada ngati wa masentimita 40 mu madutsidwe ake matenthedwe mosavuta poyerekeza ndi njerwa khoma makulidwe a 1 mita;
• phokoso kutchinjiriza ntchito ndi apamwamba kuposa muyezo konkire;
• Nkhanizi amakhala ndi kukana chisanu, moto kukana ndi nthunzi ya madzi permeability (zikhoza kupirira kutentha madigiri 1100-1200 za 2.5 maola), nchifukwa chake iwo uli gulu la wothandizira pang'onopang'ono moto;
• wochezeka;
• mwa mitundu yonse ya opepuka konkire ili otsika matenthedwe madutsidwe.

makhalidwe onsewa zabwino ali opilkobeton. Reviews omanga akusonyeza kuti nkhaniyi likupezeka ndi kuipa, monga hygroscopicity. Madzi mayamwidwe ndi 8 mpaka 12%. Koma drawback izi zikhoza mitigated. makoma kunja alimbane ndi njerwa amafuna njira ina kuti mapeto a wapakamwa, potero kuteteza makoma musakhale ndi chinyezi owonjezera.

Pamaso pa tchipisi kupanga opilkobetona kwenikweni kukonzedwa madzi sangalowe nyimbo zomwe kuchepetsa ntchito hygroscopic.

Amaona zofunika kuti nkhaniyi mosavuta aziwapatsa machined, kotero pomanga makoma sadzakhala kwambiri zinyalala.

Gawo

Mofanana ndi mitundu yonse ya zomangamanga, opilkobeton midadada adzakhala kutsatira GOST 6133-99. Systematizing malinga ndi magawo amenewa:

1. Kagwiritsidwe:

• anafuna kuika mkati ndi kunja makoma;
• mbali kugawa ntchito kokha kwa yomanga mpanda kugawa.

2. Chojambula:

• dzenje - kukhala mwa mabowo omwe anapanga mu kupanga ndondomeko (zimenezi n'cholinga chofunika ntchito wagawo);
• wokhathamira - kapena kugawa khoma mbali kuti alibe opanda mkati.

3. Makulidwe:

• malinga ndi GOST Kumwamba, atagona njerwa makoma ndi miyeso zotsatirazi: 288h138h138 mamilimita 288h288h138 mamilimita 290h190h188 mamilimita 390h190h188 mamilimita 90h190h188 mamilimita ndi 190h190h188 mamilimita;
• kukula kwa mbali kugawa: 390h90h188 mamilimita 590h90h188 mamilimita 190h90h188 mm.

Komanso nkotheka ndi kupanga zotchinga ndi miyeso zina zinafunika.

mtengo wa

Matabwa mwala, matabwa kapena mwala, monga iwo ukutchedwa opilkobeton, ndi chuma wotchipa kwambiri. Opilkobeton, mtengo umene uli wochepa, ankaona kuti kwambiri angakwanitse poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zina. Mwachitsanzo, khoma wagawo amene amaona 390h190h188 mamilimita amapangidwa kuchokera mchenga ndi screenings mu msika pafupifupi 23 rubles. Stone, amene ali miyeso chomwecho, koma wapangidwa opilkobetona, adzakhala mtengo ndi rubles 3-4, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndi zambiri opepuka ndi ofunda.

Mwa njira, iwo akhoza m'malo njerwa 7 (mtengo wa munthu - 5-7 rubles). N'zosavuta kuwerengetsa kuti mpanda wa chisakanizo cha utuchi ndi simenti adzakhala nthawi 2.5 zotsikirako mtengo kusiyana ndi njerwa. M'mawu ena, kumanga nyumba bokosi 8 mamita 8 adzafunika 20,000 njerwa, mwini kulipira rubles 140 zikwi okha miyala yofanana kulipira ambuye zomangamanga ndi 40,000 rubles kwa mchenga ndi simenti. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito opilkobeton, mtengo wa nyumba zoterozo adzakhala osiyanasiyana monga rubles 100 mpaka 150 zikwi. Gwirizanani, phindu chogwirika.

Mofanana ndi zipangizo zina opilkobeton: mtengo pa mita kiyubiki njerwa adzakhala kuposa mtengo wa kyubu cinder chipika 3, masoka mwala kyubu - 2 nthawi, cinder chipika - mu nthawi 1,5.

luso opanga

Kuti bwino kukonzekera opilkobeton, chiwerengero ziyenela kuyan'anidwa malinga Chinsinsi. onse zosakaniza akhoza kugulidwa ku sitolo kulikonse kwa nyumbayi. maziko ndi tchipisi, zodulidwa, utuchi kapena zinyalala aliyense ku makampani nkhuni processing. Kukonzekera miyala M20 zizindikiro azitenga makilogalamu 200 simenti, makilogalamu 50 ya dongo ndi laimu, makilogalamu 500 a mchenga ndi makilogalamu 200 utuchi.

zigawo kupanga nkhuni midadada m'pofunika kuti asiyanitse, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, ndi zina wophwanyidwa. Chifukwa sieving muyenera sieve 10x10 mm. Ndiye zosakaniza okonzeka zilowerere salt kuchotsa zotsatira chokhwima zinthu zotsekemera amapanga filler nkhuni mwala simenti. Monga impregnation kupereka katundu incombustible zakuthupi ndi kuteteza motsutsana choipa ndi bowa zowola. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi sodium sulphate, laimu, kashiamu mankhwala enaake, zotayidwa, sodium, potaziyamu kapena galasi madzi.

Opilkobeton kusinja, anapangira omwe anatsatira molondola, zabwino mu chosakanizira simenti kapena wina aliyense chosakanizira zofanana, monga manja kuthamanga yovuta mokwanira. Zake filler ndi wothira simenti ndi mchenga, laimu anawonjezera pambuyo (dongo) ndipo kachiwiri mtanda zonse bwinobwino osokonezeka. Ndiye chakudya chochepa bwino kuwonjezera madzi. Ndiye bwinobwino osokonezeka misa chifukwa.

Pofuna kudziwa kapena osakaniza ndi wokonzeka, muyenera Finyani m'dzanja lako. The osakaniza yomalizidwa angathe kuonedwa ngati mtanda wa zotanuka popanda chinyontho owonjezera. Kulemera okonzeka ayenera kukodzedwa malinga ndi mitundu ndi mosamala ting'onoting'ono basi kuti mpweya owonjezera anatuluka kwathunthu. Ichi chiyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga, chifukwa pambuyo maola 1.5, osakaniza kale anapereka.

Kuyeza zofunika kukula ndi mawonekedwe si okonzeka atilakwira. Kukula m'lifupi nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza makoma, ndi kutalika ndi angapo a mizere angapo njerwa (kuganizira therebetween njira). Izi makamaka yabwino imene mapeto adzakhala superimposed pa opilkobeton njerwa maonekedwe. Reviews omanga akusonyeza kuti si koyenera kupanga ikuluikulu yolimba kwambiri, monga iwo adzakhala nthawi yaitali kuti ziume, ndi shrinkage mapindikidwe n'zofunika kwambiri. Kupewa mavuto amenewo, iwo akuchitadi mabowo ochepa. Kwa kupanga miyala ikuluikulu anakonza umodzi kapena iwiri.

bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira kuti kudzazika miyala 4 mpaka 9 kwa makulidwe chipika yaing'ono. Pakuti kupanga zawo zambiri ntchito bolodi makulidwe 30 mm, ndiyeno iwo obbivayut malata, pulasitiki filimu, pulasitiki, linoleum, kapena zinthu zina, ndi guluu wolimba ndi simenti amene adzakhala zonyozeka. Kunja kudwala mawonekedwe P-bawuti ndi mtedza pa malekezero a. Pakuti nyumba yaikulu ayenera kupereka zilumikizano zina kapena nthiti.

Reviews

Posachedwapa, anagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ndi otsika mtengo komanso nsalu apamwamba monga opilkobeton. Reviews omangawo, amene nthawi zambiri naye ntchito kutsimikiza ubwino waukulu. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Environmental chitetezo. nkhani ino zigawo zikuluzikulu chachibadwa (mchenga, utuchi, simenti), ndipo potero kupereka chilengedwe chake m'mwamba ubwanawe.
• Kumbali ya nthunzi ya madzi permeability ndi mayamwidwe angayerekezedwe nkhuni.
• Iye kwathunthu likukwaniritsa mwaukhondo ndi ukhondo malamulo.
• Chifukwa otsika matenthedwe madutsidwe cha chuma, ndi voids kuti ali momwemo, nyumba ya opilkobetona kukhala ofunda zokwanira.
• gawo Small akhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera ndi unsembe wa maziko.
• Chomasuka processing kwambiri zimatithandiza yomanga. midadada akhoza anachekedwa, mokhomerera zosavuta, ndipo sizidzakhala zovuta m'tsogolo msomali mu mpanda wa opilkobetona.
• Mabukuwa ali mphamvu mkulu kupinda mavuto.

Ngakhale ubwino onse, kuyambira omanga amamva ndemanga zoipa zokhudza zinthu izi. The kuipa zotsatirazi:

• Mlingo ndi mkulu wa mayamwidwe madzi, chimene chimafuna ena amene chitetezo ndi chinyezi.
• Pakufunika kuonjezera zili simenti mu chipika pomanga apansi angapo. Izi achuluke mtengo, kuwonongeka kwa kutchinjiriza ndi kuonjezera maziko mphamvu zofunika.
• Pali digiri ndi mkulu wa shrinkage, amene complicates ntchito kuwamaliza.

Kodi kumanga nyumba kunja kwa midadada

Nyumba opilkobetona zizindikiro zonse thanzi adzakhala ndi zabwino phokoso kutchinjiriza ndi chitetezo kutentha makhalidwe. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa pores mpweya umene uli mkati ndi zinthu, mpanda adzakhala mwamphamvu kusunga kutentha ndi zimatsimikizira mpweya chilengedwe cha malo, potero kukhalabe chinyezi akadakwanitsira.

Kuyambira opilkobetona kupeza bajeti zokwanira kumanga nyumba (mtengo wa zinthu anali kuyezedwa ndi ife pamwamba). Komanso, midadada, koma kuti mugule pa sitolo iliyonse hardware, n'zosavuta kuti nokha. Muyenera kudziwa kuti zinthu izi ziyenera anakonzeratu kuti atagona, ngati inu munazichita izo nokha. Kuti izi zikhale youma miyezi ingapo.

Izo posachedwapa zatchuka kwa yomanga payekha, pogwiritsa ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana izo, malingana ndi zosowa zawo. Mpanda wa zomangira yaiwisi adzakhala mokwanira amphamvu, kuwala ndi maloteploprovodnye. Ngati anamanga bwino, iwo adzakhala nthawi yaitali.

Monga tidanena pamwamba, opilkobeton ali chinyezi mphamvu yapamwamba. Chifukwa pambuyo yomanga mpanda pulasitala zofunika, koma ndi bwino pambuyo shrinkage zonse (ndondomeko zimenezi zidzachitika pafupifupi 8 miyezi).

Bath ku opilkobetona, monga nyumba ali ndi kukhala amphamvu kwambiri, choncho onetsetsani kuti kulimbitsa mpanda wa slats matabwa kapena zitsamba, zomwe poyamba watsukidwa ku makungwa. mavavu okonzeka anayikidwa iliyonse masentimita 40 mu mizere angapo. Pankhaniyi, chidwi ziperekedwe ku ngodya ndi makoma akazi.

Malangizo kwa midadada opanga

A ambiri ojambula zithunzi ntchito yawo ntchito opilkobeton. Reviews omanga nkhaniyi ndi wabwino kwambiri ndipo adzakhala zothandiza ngati inu muchita izo nokha. Kuti apange mayunitsi apamwamba, m'pofunika kuganizira angapo ayamikira:

• bwinobwino youma pakati kufunika kusiya mipata;
• pamaso kuthira nsalu mu amatha kuumba iwo anayikidwa pa trays ndi kuwaza ndi wosanjikiza zonyalazo utuchi;
• osakaniza ayenera womata, chifukwa chaichi, omanga zambiri ntchito dzanja rammer;
• midadada youma okonzeka mu kusodza, chifukwa cha ichi kolowera nthawi wotsikirapo;
• tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mvula, ngati palibe pogona, akonze polyethylene mu nthawi mfundo za vuto la nyengo yoipa.

Kuti tipeze momwe amphamvu chuma chifukwa, n'zotheka kuchita mayeso. Za gulu ili okonzeka waponya kuchokera kumwamba la 1 m, ngati silinasinthe - choncho wabwino izo.

Erection nyumba monolithic

Today tikambirana yapamwamba kwambiri ndi yabwino yomanga mofulumira. Ambuye kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito monolithic opilkobeton. Yomanga wa mtundu uwu aike pamwamba pa maziko kumatira zigawo ziwiri za chuma denga. Pankhani ya m'munsi otsika kuti akwaniritse chiwerengero cha mizere ya njerwa zomangamanga. Ndiye wokwera formwork zinthu zomwe angathe kutumikira monga mapepala zitsulo, matabwa, madzi zosagwira plywood.

Kutalika kwa zishango iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pafupifupi 60 cm. Pa nthawi ya akuponya zigawo woyamba mbali ya maziko mu nthaka kuononga pamtengo zonse kutalika makoma. Anasankha mfundo zishango wedged pakati kali mbali ya maziko, kenako zikhomo ndi pamodzi ndi zidutswa mzake mipiringidzo, pamene zimene zili pa zomenyanazo wa pakhoma, kudzera mwa kumanga waya.

Kumapeto kwa zitalizitali kukhuta ayenera kukhalabe mwa makoma, ndiyeno iwo ntchito matabwa chikukonzekera pa permutation la formwork ndipo pambuyo yomanga udzatha monga payekha - kukapempha ndi battens pa akukumana.

osakaniza okonzeka udzathiridwa zigawo opilkobetona, amene kutalika si upambana 15 masentimita, ndiyeno bwino tikaumbike. Pa nthawi ina mpanda angaukitsidwe kukhala yekha ndi 20-30 cm, pambuyo kufunika kupanga yopuma kwa masiku 5-7. Lililonse masentimita 40 lengthwise ziyenera analimbitsa ndi slats matabwa kapena mauna zitsulo.

Pambuyo kudzazidwa amaliza, lamba yaikidwa pamwamba pa matabwa, omwe zidzalimbikitsa kutumikira monga kuthandiza zinthu chotsekeracho. Nkofunika kuteteza makoma atsopano ku chinyezi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, denga tsogolo zichitike overhangs lonse, ndi wapakamwa TACHIMATA.

Osakwera mtengo kwambiri kumanga nyumba. Opilkobetona mtengo alandiridwa kwa nzika pafupifupi dziko lathu. Ntchitoyi kwa zaka zambiri, mpanda wake, anamanga nkhaniyi sikutanthauza kutchinjiriza ndi zomangamanga wa masentimita 40 amateteza ndi kuzizira, ngakhale madigiri -35.