Kulankhula zopindika. Kulankhula zopindika ana ndi akulu omwe. Dokotala wodziwa za vutoli, mawu dokotala wodziwa za vutoli

Today ife angakuuzeni zimene ndi zilema wa kulankhula. Komanso, mudzaphunzila mmene kuti tichotse chotero chodabwitsa pathological, zimene katswiri ayenera mungakumane vuto la kusowa.

mwachidule

Zopindika wa kulankhula - ichi ndi katchulidwe cholakwika cha phokoso lomwe limapezeka chifukwa kuphwanya ntchito munthu wa zida mawu. Mikhalidwe pathological monga lisping, chibwibwi burr, etc.

Monga mukudziwa, izo zimayambitsa munthu makamaka intensively anayamba zaka 2-5 moyo. Mpaka zaka 3 mwana akale umatha kutchula mawu za 30-700, ndi zaka 4 nkhani ntchito ziganizo zovuta. Panthawi imeneyi mawu a mwanayo ndi 1500 mawu.

Bwanji?

Language chitukuko kumatengera zifukwa kunja ndi mkati. Kawirikawiri ana amatengera makolo awo ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu amatengera khalidwe lawo la kulankhula. Pa katchulidwe ka mawu, kapena phokoso lililonse kwa anthu adamulowetsa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, womwe ndi malo ubongo, njira ubongo, kupuma minofu, lilime ndi nkhope.

Mu mawu wabwinobwino wa wamkulu ndi mwana kumvetsa ndi bwino osiyana katchulidwe ka chilembo chilichonse. Pokambirana ichi munthu ayenera kukhala yosalala ndi rhythmic. Ngati kulankhula slurred, unintelligible ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa, ndiye kulankhula za nkhanza ake. Today kusiyanitsa amavutika ngati kulankhula ngati chibwibwi, amalephera molondola kutchula zilembo za, dzanzi ndi zina zotero.

zimayambitsa

Kulankhula zopindika kawirikawiri akuluakulu zimachitika chifukwa opaleshoni kapena kuvulala ziwalo waukulu wa kulankhula (kholingo timinofu, lilime, m'kamwa, mano ndi milomo). Komanso, chikhalidwe chotere pathological chingachitike n'chiyani mavuto ambiri maganizo (mwachitsanzo, chilekano, imfa ndi T. D.).

Kuwonjezera zifukwa zonsezi, kupunduka mawu zambiri kukhala chifukwa mphanga ya Mlomo chapamwamba, anomalies kobadwa nako, malocclusion, dongosolo lapadera la pachibwano, lilime, mano, milomo, kugontha, ndi matenda minofu.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti kupezeka kwa osowa kapena wopotoka mano anthu angathe molondola kutchula zilembo. imfa yadzidzidzi ya kulankhula zinthu nthawi zambiri anamuona pa odwala ndi zotupa ndi matenda ubongo.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya

Malinga ndi zizindikiro vuto kulankhula ana ndi akulu anawagawa mitundu yambiri. Kudziwa pathological chikhalidwe kumachitika nthawi zonse muyenera kukaonana ndi katswiri. Yotsirizira amayenera kudziwa mtundu wa chilema, komanso kupeza chifukwa cha pakuwonekera kwake, komanso mankhwala mankhwala kapena njira yapadera (Zochita).

Motero, tikambirana waukulu kulankhula zopindika mwatsatanetsatane.

Aphonia kapena dysphonia

anomaly zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha pathological ya zida ntchito mawu. Monga ulamuliro, anthu kumeneko ndi kuphwanya kwambiri a phonation. M'mawu ena, iwo mispronounce phokoso.

tachylogia

Izi mwapadera siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la mawu, lomwe yafotokozedwera mayendedwe kudya monena. Mbali imeneyi alibe yofanana phonetic, kalembedwe ndi lexical chikhalidwe.

Bradilaliya

Chotero chilema ndi limodzi mwa kayankhulidwe mochedwa. M'mawu ena, munthu zovuta kufalitsa phokoso dismembered. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti palinso kupatuka zofanana bradifraziya. Anthu ndi matenda amenewa kulankhula pang'onopang'ono. Monga ulamuliro, ichi ndi chifukwa chifooke ndondomeko maganizo. Onse a milandu pathological ndi chifukwa cha matenda m'dera ubongo.

chibwibwi

Chotero kulankhula matenda kumachitika chifukwa cha minofu boma convulsive ya zida ntchito mawu ndi limodzi mwa kubwerezabwereza pafupipafupi mawu kapena mawu kucheza mabasi, vuto lakelo, kusatsatira mu tempo, kayimbidwe kotani ndi kusalala.

dyslalia

Izi zopindika phonetic (kuphwanya zvukoproiznosheniya), amene anati anthu ndi kulankhula bwino anapanga ndi kumva bwinobwino.

rhinolalia

Izi zvukoproiznosheniya chilema ndi kuzama kwa mawu, amene tingafunse chifukwa cha anatomical kuvutika anthu amapilira zida.

ataxiophemia

chilema Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosowa innervation ya zida ntchito mawu. Monga ulamuliro, izo aumbike chifukwa cha zotupa subcortical ndi ubongo zadnelobnyh. Woterowo kukanidwa ndi zochepa sayenda ziwalo mawu (lilime, zofewa m'kamwa, milomo). Chifukwa, pali slurred articulation. Akuluakulu, dysarthria si pamodzi ndi kugwa kwa dongosolo kulankhula. Ana a zaka zofanana umenewu chilema zingachititse kusokoneza kuwerenga, katchulidwe ka mawu ndi makalata, komanso kwa underdevelopment ambiri wa kulankhula.

alalia

Izi underdevelopment wa kulankhula, kapena sanamwe m'makutu zabwinobwino komanso nzeru. Chifukwa chilema izi ana akhoza kukhala kuwonongeka kwa hemispheres oziziritsa pobereka, komanso matenda ubongo kapena kuvulala kuti anatitumiza kwa mwana nthawi chisanadze mawu a moyo.

aphasia

Izi ndi kuphwanya kulankhula kale anapanga. Chotero chilema ndi kumachitika pamene zotupa zigawo mawu a kotekisi oziziritsa, komanso chifukwa cha sitiroko, zoopsa, kutupa, zotupa ndi matenda ena okhudza ubongo.

Amene katswiri kufuna thandizo?

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe wovutika kulankhula. Tikumbukenso kuti ndikofunika kwambiri mwamsanga kuti vutolo. Ngati mukukayikira pa wake wokondedwa ndi chodabwitsa pathological, muyenera yomweyo kukaonana ndi katswiri (dokotala wodziwa za vutoli, mawu dokotala, audiologist, mano, matenda okhudza ubongo, orthodontist). Ndipotu chabe dokotala wodziwa angasankhe zolakwika ndi kuyesa kukonza.

Kodi kuchotsa ya zopindika ya kulankhula?

Kuwukonza zopindika kulankhula ana ndi akulu pa tsiku paokhapaokha. Sitepe yoyamba ndi kupeza chifukwa cha kupatuka, ndiyeno yekha kuyesetsa kuthetsa nkhaniyo.

Ngati matenda kulankhula anapezeka mwana, makolo ayenera M'sitolo pa kwambiri chipiriro. Ndipotu, ziwayendere bwino zimatengera kwenikweni mokhazikika maphunziro, kudzipereka ndi kulimbikira mtima.

Tikumbukenso kuti chifukwa cha kuchuluka yaikulu ya zopindika kulankhula ndi zimene, pali njira zambiri zolakwika chotero. Ngati wodwala pa peza ndi, akatswiri akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kupuma kapena ndiyambe kulankhula mankhwala a matenda chachikulu. Mwa njira, iwowa nthawi zambiri zotchulidwa pambuyo sitiroko, kuvulala kapena opaleshoni.

Kuwukonza zopindika kulankhula ana ndi akulu amwe kuchokera masabata angapo miyezi ingapo kapena zaka.

maganizo chinthu

Munthu kuyan'anila ayenera kupewa anthu owazungulira. Kuopa kuti sangazindikire, nthawi zambiri zoona. Anthu amenewa, m'malo mwake, muyenera kulankhulana kawirikawiri komanso nthawi zonse kuti muzilankhula awo. Wodwala, kudzipatula kwa anthu, akhoza kuyamba kuvutika aakulu matenda okhudza ubongo.

Kumene, chosokoneza wa kulankhula si moyo pachiswe. Komabe, chikhalidwe chotere pathological akhoza mwachindunji zimakhudza moyo wa munthu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa maganizo amphamvu za kukhala ndi chilema anthu m'malo mwamsanga maganizo kapena kuona matenda ena aliwonse. Choncho, chosokoneza wa kulankhula chofunika kwenikweni kuchiza.