Osteon - ndi structural botolo la fupa: kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Thupi za 206 mafupa, koma anthu ochepa mukudziwa dongosolo lawo ndi kumvetsetsa chifukwa ndi wamphamvu kwambiri. Koma mbali yaikulu mu ichi ndi osteon. Izi wagawo structural imene anamanga mafupa a nthambi, nthiti, vertebrae, etc. Kodi dzina lina -. Haversian dongosolo.

Kapangidwe ka fupa

Chifukwa cha zochita kuphatikiza za mafupa ndi minofu ya thupi lathu, timatha kusuntha, ichi ndi ntchito yaikulu. Pali, ndithudi, ndi zina - magazi, kufotokoza kufufuza zinthu, zapasatelnaya (nkhokwe mafuta). Makamaka ndi kapangidwe zotsatirazi - maselo wapadera fupa ndi extracellular masanjidwewo, lakunja chivundikiro (periosteum) ndi ili mkati mwa m'mafupa.

fupa lililonse tichipeza zigawo ziwiri - ndi yaying'ono ndi chofewa ngati siponji mankhwala. The loyamba lili pa periphery wa, wachiwiri - pakati ndi tichipeza matabwa osseous, osati mosintha anakonza, ndi kugwilizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu kunja pa fupa pa malo makamaka.

The zikuchokera mafupa

Kuphatikiza organic (30-40%) ndi zochita kupanga (60-70%) mwa mankhwala ndi mbali ya kapangidwe mafupa. Ndi zinthu zochita kupanga monga salt zosiyanasiyana mipweya: mankwala, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulphate ndi ena. Onse kusungunuka zidulo, pambuyo kukhudzana ake ku fupa kusiya zinthu organic yekha, ndi fupa m'maonekedwe ndi akuona ngati chinkhupule.

Pakati pa zinthu organic akhoza olekanitsidwa mafuta mukoproteidov, glycogen ndi kolajeni ulusi (ankaimira ossein, osseomukoidom, elastin). Ngati fupa Watenthedwa, mawonekedwe a iwo adzakhala, koma adzakhala Chimaona ndi kutha mosavuta atamukakamiza.

Ndi kuphatikiza zinthu za chiyambi chosiyana chimapangitsa fupa zovuta, cholimba, koma okonzeka kusintha.

mitundu ya mafupa

Malinga ndi kusiyana mu dongosolo la lagawidwa:

• Tubular. Pali nthawi ndi yochepa. Amakhala ndi awiri diaphysis ndi epiphysis, mawonekedwe triangular, kapena cylindrical;
• Chofewa ngati siponji - anapeka makamaka cancellous minofu atazunguliridwa ndi olimba;
• mosabisa. Iwo akuyimira mbale awiri lathyathyathya pakati lomwe linaikidwa fupa cancellous, mwachitsanzo, masamba fupa;
• losanganikirana. Mafupa, wopangidwa mwa magawo angapo a mawonekedwe zovuta. Pali mosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito iwo kuchita. Mwachitsanzo, linkawonongeka thoracic tichipeza zigawo zitatu - thupi ndi ndondomeko Arc.

Kapangidwe ma la fupa

Popeza kuti takambilana fupa minofu pa mlingo ma, pali njira zitatu za maselo amasiyana kapangidwe ndi ntchito zake:

1. Osteoblasts - wamng'ono maselo ikuluikulu imene mesenchymal choyambiriracho. mawonekedwe cylindrical, pachimake ndi eccentrically. Mukachipinda ali ndi mafuta kukhudzana ndi osteoblasts oyandikana. Ntchito yaikulu - lithe extracellular masanjidwewo ndi udindo mineralization lapansi.
2. Osteocytes - ndi gawo lotsatira mu chitukuko cha osteoblast maselo fupa, amapezeka fupa, amene watha kukhala wochepa thupi selo, poyerekeza osteoblasts, ndipo chiwerengero cha njira waukulu, ndipo zingasiyane ngakhale fupa chomwecho. Ngale amadziwikanso yafupika kukula ndi kukhala wandiweyani. Khola zimawoneka immured mu mineralized intercellular mankhwala (mipata).
3. Osteoclasts - zamitundu lalikulu cell amene angafikire oposa 80 microns. Mitima si wina koma angapo, chifukwa iwo anapanga wa macrophages angapo zinaphatikizidwa pamodzi. Popeza osteoclast likuyenda nthawi zonse, mawonekedwe ake nthawi zonse kusintha. Pa gawo la fupa limene lifunika kuwonongedwa, kuti khungu pali njira zosiyanasiyana ndi kuti "watsimikiza" fupa, kuchotsa kwa izo salt zonse ndi kuwononga masanjidwewo.

Izi mitundu itatu ya maselo, pamodzi ndi amorphous zakuthupi ndi osseinovymi ulusi oyenerera danga free, kuti apange mbale, nayenso, kupanga osteons, ndipo ambiri mbale gusset.

Kandalama zikuchokera mafupa

Diaphysis wapangidwa mayunitsi awiri structural: dongosolo Haversian kapena osteon, - gawo lalikulu - ndi mbale gusset. Osteon kapangidwe ndi yovuta kwambiri. Bone mbale adagulung'undisa mu zonenepa wa diameters osiyana. zonenepa awa zinapeza malo okhala wina ndi mzake, ndi pakati akapitirira otchedwa ngalande Haversian. Mu njira imeneyi anayesedwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya magazi.

Osteon - uwu si osiyana structural wagawo kunama, iye mobwerezabwereza anastomoses pakati mayunitsi ena, komanso periosteum ndi ziwiya mafupa. Ndipotu, kusowa magazi a osteons kunayamba chifukwa cha maukonde magazi a periosteum, ndiyeno apita mu mbale mafupa. Kufanana kwa mitsempha ndi mapeto mitsempha ali.

Ili osteon aliyense, chithunzi umboni, mu mafupa tubular kufanana kwa mbali yaitali, ndipo chinkhupule - perpendicular kwa mphamvu ya psinjika ndi mavuto.

Aliyense fupa inamangidwa pa nambala awo mayunitsi amenewa, ngati osteon, zamoyo cholakwika dongosolo oterowo kuti katundu pa aliyense wa iwo yake. Femur amaloŵamo lalikulu psinjika katundu pa kuyenda, chiwerengero cha machitidwe Haversian ndi 1.8 pc. pa millimeter lalikulu. Komanso, 11% - ndi chiwerengero cha chidwi Haversian.

Osteons nthawi olekanitsidwa ndi mbale wapakatikati (umatchedwanso intercalary). Si kanthu koma imawonongeka osteon fupa, akhala unusable chifukwa ina. Ndithudi, fupa ndi zonse ali mu ndondomeko ya kuwonongedwa ndi kumanga makina atsopano Haversian.

ntchito osteon

mndandanda Osteon mbali:

• zofunika pomanga botolo la fupa;
• Iwo amapereka mphamvu;
• kuteteza misempha ndi ziwiya onyamula magazi.

Zimaonekeratu kuti osteon - dongosolo kuti amachita mbali yaikulu kayendedwe wathu, popanda mafupa sakanatha kukwaniritsa cholinga chake - kuthandiza ziwalo ndipo zimakhala za thupi m'malere.