Pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Tiutchev? Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev: yonena

The kwambiri Russian ndakatulo Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev chizindikiro cha osiyanasiyana kwambiri owerenga. Ambiri mwa ntchito zake bwino kwa masiku sukulu. Koma pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Tiutchev, wolemba ndakatulo wa mbiri ndi kulenga zolinga, anthu ochepa ankadziwa kapena ambiri chabe anaiwala.

Childhood Fedor

Fedor Tiutchev Ovstug anabadwa m'mudzi 30 makilomita kumpoto kwa Bryansk mu 1803. Mudziwo unali m'mphepete mwa Desna Mtsinje. mwanayo anakulira m'banja analankhula yekha mu French. Ndipo osati moyo ubwana Tiutchev akhoza zindikirani kuti kwenikweni amagwiritsa ntchito chinenero chimenechi. makalata ake ambiri nkhani zolembedwa mu zaka izi, ndipo ngakhale ena ndakatulo - onse French.

Pa zaka khumi ndi mnyamata linamasuliridwa Horace mu Russian, ndipo analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba pa khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Anthu amene ankamudziwa iye ali mwana, chikondwerero nzeru wake mwamsanga, erudition kwambiri ndipo ngakhale mphatso ndakatulo, amene kale anali wamng'ono Tiutchev. Mwachidule pa Education wa Fyodor Ivanovich, tingathe kuona pang'ono zigawo zikuluzikulu maphunziro ake. Mu 1812, Tiutchev anali m'manja mwa banja la mphunzitsi Semena Raicha. Kuyambira 1819 mpaka 1822, iye anaphunzira pa yunivesite Moscow. Ndipo mu m'badwo wa khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi anayamba utumiki wothandiza mu Dipatimenti ya Affairs okhonda wa St. Petersburg.

Ntchito ndakatulo, kapena dziko lina

Kumene, ndikofunika kudziwa pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Tiutchev, koma koposa zonse, m'pofunika kulankhula za moyo wake, ntchito ndi njira kulenga. Fedor sankadziona kuti ndakatulo ndi akatswiri. Iye zambiri anaiwala Mabuku a ndakatulo mu mabuku. Nthawi zina anapezeka atamwalira. Ndipo nthawi Tiutchev sankasamala kuti ntchito zake anasindikizidwa. Iye sanali ndi ntchito ndakatulo a. N'chifukwa chake ndakatulo Tiutchev analibe zotchuka chotere, monga Pushkin ndi Nekrasov.

Iwo m'banda, wamng'ono, mu 1822, anachoka Russia ndi moyo makamaka mu Germany, ndiye pang'ono mu Italy, anali lodziwa. nthawi yonseyi, Fedor ndi laling'ono mokwanira mu nyumba kulankhula Chirasha. Iye sizinali zophweka katswiri wolemba ndakatulo, ndipo ngakhale Chirasha ntchito kawirikawiri ndithu. Theodore anali nthumwi ntchito zamtendere wakhala chikugwirizana, ngati si moyo Tiutchev, ndi gawo zofunika kwambiri pa izo.

Mumadziwika wolemba andale

Koma Fedor Tiutchev ntchito zikayenda monga lodziwa sanali chidwi kwambiri. Mu 1841 iye anali ngakhale watulutsidwa ndipo anathamangitsidwa ya unduna okhonda. zikayenda chidwi anali bwenzi lake. Theodore anali munthu, azitha malo aluntha ku Ulaya, amene adatenga pa maziko ofanana ndi mu England, ndi ku Germany, ndi ku France waukulu anzeru ndale za nthawi.

Tiutchev anali mmodzi wa ndemanga otchuka pa ndale. Kenako, mu chokumbukira anthu amene anagwira ntchito nthawi kuti asilikali komanso akunja m'madipatimenti malamulo a mayiko onsewa, panali maumboni a nkhani zake, zomwe zinatuluka mu atolankhani European. Iwo ananena kuti iwo ankaona kwambiri mbiri ya dziko anaona maphunziro a nkhondo m'tsogolo Europe.

Osati nthumwi ntchito ndi mmodzi wa anthu anzeru lalikulu European mbiri ndi andale. Ndicho chimene anali imperceptible Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Komanso muyenera kudziwa za izo. Popeza ili ndi gawo la mbiri la ndakatulo iyi. Ndipo si nkhani chabe za iye anabadwa liti ndipo anafa Tiutchev.

Ndakatulo ndi nthumwi

Tiutchev ntchito wolemba ndakatulo ndi likukulira kwambiri. Asanapite kunja, anayamba kufalitsa m'magazini, anthologies. Koma kawirikawiri kuposa Fedor anasaina Maina. Tiutchev anabadwa mu 1803, ndipo mu 1822 ntchito yake zolembalemba unadulidwa yochepa, ndipo sanaonekenso kwa nthawi yaitali Russian wowerenga. Komabe, chochitika chinachitika mu 1836, amene anatsimikiza za tsogolo la ndakatulo Russian m'njira zambiri. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Alexander Pushkin anayambitsa magazini "Contemporary".

Magaziniwo afalitsidwe lodabwitsali. Apa Fedor yomweyo zikuoneka ngati wanzeru ndi ndakatulo kwambiri. Koma ndiye anthu ochepa anazindikira kuti anali ndakatulo Tiutchev, nthumwi amene amakhala kudziko lina. ntchito chenicheni monga ndakatulo Fedor Tiutchev inayamba mu 1850.

Bwererani ku Russia

Ngakhale kuti kwa zaka zambiri moyo Tiutchev anali olumikizidwa ndi kumayiko ena, potsiriza, zaka pang'ono 1850, anabwerera ku Russia. Katumikira, zikupereka angapo maudindo akuluakulu. Theodore anali mkulu pa wapadera pa mfumu, iye anagwira ntchito mu dipatimenti ya kufufuza yachilendo.

Ndipo kotero, nthawi iyi, onse mu magazini chomwecho "Contemporary", umene wakhala mutu wa Nekrasov ndi lofalitsidwa ndi khalidwe lodziwika bwino kwa nthawi, pali nkhani limene limafotokoza ntchito za ena akuyimba. Kuphatikizapo Fedor ndi kuwerenga Maina ake.

Pambuyo pake, buku mu chikumbumtima owerenga Russian analowa ndakatulo latsopano Fedor Tiutchev. Ndipo kale mu 1854 anafalitsa magulu ndakatulo wake. Koma mtima wake unprofessional kuti ndakatulo akupitiriza apitiriza.

m'zinthu angapo amene ndi ndakatulo

Akubwerera kwa ndakatulo Fedora Tyutcheva, tisaiwale kuti onse buku ka ntchito za ndakatulo iyi zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu ofanana. Izi mavesi andale amene amatchula infrequently ndipo si nthawi zonse kuwerenga mokweza. Ndiye pali nzeru zaumunthu, amene amadziwika ndi iwo zosavuta kuzindikira. Iwo makamaka anthu nthawi zonse pa wina ndi chikhalidwe.

A mkombero wachitatu anatchulidwa "Denisevsky" Civil mkazi Fedor dzina la ana atatu a ana ake - Elena Alexandrovna Denisiev. Ntchito izi anayenera Russian ndakatulo ya kusokoneza kwambiri. Iwo anali mtundu wa tsikulo m'nyimbo. Kawirikawiri kwambiri iwo anali munthu winawake. Mavesi amenewa akhala chikondi nkhani ya ndakatulo Elena Alexandrovna.

mbiri banja la Tiutchev, kapena zochitika zomvetsa chisoni mu moyo a ndakatulo iyi

Mokhudza chibwenzi ndi Denisiev kwa zaka khumi ndi zinayi. Iwo inatha zothetsa nzeru kwa wolemba ndakatulo iyi. Mkazi anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu mu 1864. Zaka zotsatira nthawi zambiri ndimachita zochitika zomvetsa chisoni. Pasanapite nthawi atamwalira Elena Alexandrovna kusiya moyo wa mwana wawo wamwamuna ndi wamkazi nawo. Patapita chaka chimodzi, mayi ake anamwalira Tiutchev, mu 1870 - Dmitri, mwana wamkulu.

Mwina, pa maziko a zinthu zimenezi, amene yokutidwa ndi funde la ndakatulo iyi, Fyodor Ivanovich thanzi sakuyenda zikuchepa. Ndipo mwina mungayankhe funso owerenga ambiri kuti pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Tiutchev. Anabadwa mu 1803 ndipo anakhala yowala ndi olemera kwambiri moyo, wolemba ndakatulo anamwalira mu 1873 ku sitiroko a.

Fedor akuganiza ndakatulo

Mbali yodabwitsa kwambiri ndakatulo Fedor, ndi kuti chibadidwe chikhalidwe cha chizindikiritso wathunthu ndi munthu. Tiutchev wolemba ndakatulo amaupereka mzimu, maganizo ndiponso kulankhula. Uli ngati munthu kwathunthu. Kumvera makombo ambiri a mawu a Fyodor Ivanovich, tinganene kuti ndakatulo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu kapena njira kalembedwe pampanipani, amene si anazolowera kwambiri kumva wowerenga yosavuta. The chinthu osati Tiutchev chachikale chinkawavuta kwa masiku ano, komanso mwa mawu a m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.

Moyo Tyutcheva Fedora Ivanovicha anali sufupika, poyerekeza ndi ndakatulo, amene anafa oyambirira, monga Pushkin ndi Lermontov. Koma, koma, zonse zinalembedwa ntchito m'nyimbo zambiri anaikidwa buku limodzi. Koma ngakhale izi ali ndi tanthauzo kwambiri. Tiutchev akuganiza ndakatulo, kotero fano kapena mfundo kudutsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Ndi yankho mawu Fedor Tiutchev kuti owerenga sangathe kumvetsa tanthauzo la mawu zochokera ndime imodzi yokha. Muyenera kuwerenga ena kumene mawu, kenako okha muona kufunika mphamvu ukuwonjezeka, ndi kubwera kwa ena mapeto. Tiutchev limalongosola chikhalidwe, ngati kuti anali osauka chinenero yokha kapena kuganiza Russian.

"Kuganiza" ndakatulo Fedora Ivanovicha Tyutcheva kusandulika lonse Russian chikhalidwe. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev kamodzi ananena za ntchito ya Fedora Tyutcheva sungakhoze kutsutsana. Chifukwa chakuti amene sangathe kuona ntchito za wolemba, sazindikira a ndakatulo.