Petro ndi Paulo mpingo wofufuta zikopa. The chipilala chikhalidwe wakale wa Veliky Novgorod

M'dera zogona wa Veliky Novgorod, wotchedwa ku akale nthawi Nerevskim mapeto, izo amapulumutsa gulu la nyumba mapulani. Iwo zili pamodzi kumanzere m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Volkhov pa mbali Sofia kumpoto, mkati chomenyerapo nkhondo ya. Onsewo ali kwambiri mwauzimu wathunthu luso zipilala la Novgorod zomangamanga zokhudza za m'ma XV, ayenera kutetezedwa ngati chuma cha dziko. malo awo a mbiri yakale kucheza ndi Nerevskim yotsiriza, nthawi zambiri adawayitana Kozhevnitskimi.

Petro ndi Paulo mpingo Kozhevniki: kufotokoza

Amisiri abverana kuti amange kachisi uyu pa magombe a Volkhov wamphamvu, anali kwa iye akumane wapakamwa kummawa. Mwaukadaulo anasankha kufanana, kupanga silhouette zokongola ndi malo lamanja, lero anapanga kachisi chipilala wokongola wa luso lakalekale, kuphunzira amene angathe kuona, monga nthawi patsogolo zomangamanga.

Pakuti kutsinde kumbali ya Demetrius msewu kuti kumabweretsa Zverin ansembe yotchedwa, akuyimabe kalekale chodabwitsa dongosolo, momwe kotheratu ndi kukhwima. Amenewa ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha zomangamanga kuti anali ndi khalidwe wa nyengo heyday m'dziko Novgorod.

Petro ndi Paulo mpingo Kozhevniki inamangidwa 1406. Inamangidwa cha midadada ya laimu, onse ntchito kukongoletsa wa wapakamwa, komanso ngati zitsime zosambiramo, kuphatikizaponso, mafosholo, ndi mutu wa mpingo ndi njerwa zofiira.

Zomangamanga wakale

Malinga ndi nthano zakale, kachisi ameneyu ndi wokongola inamangidwa ndi amisiri-ofufuta zikopa. A kalekale, kukhala yeniyeni, mu 1227 mpingo matabwa anaima pa malo awa. Koma mu 1384, anadwala moto kwambiri. Makoma a mpingo watsopano anamanga midadada ya laimu ndi njerwa, ndipo makamaka sizinachitike pulasitala.

Pofika mu 1930, mpingo belu nsanja anali anagwetsa. Komabe, iye amene anavutika kwambiri pa Anazi. Kwathunthu kuwapatsanso kukongola wapachiyambi unali okha 1960. ndondomeko izi zimachitika mapulani Lawi GM ndi Shulyak L. M.

ulemerero Mulungu

Petro ndi Paulo Mpingo mu zithunzi wofufuta zikopa zomwe kwathunthu kusonyeza onse kukongola wachisomo ndi ulemerero, sanataye kwa zaka zambiri, ndi mwachilungamo mkulu-ozungulira zinayi chipilala dongosolo. pamakoma ake - wathunthu ndi okhwima m'thumba, ndi m'madera chomaliza ankalemekeza pa luso anaphedwa njerwa multiblade arches yokongola, mu gulu loyimba womwenso malamba, chosema kuchokera dimples triangular, arkaturny frieze, Rosette Niska kuzungulira ndi pentagonal mawonekedwe, pewani ndi mpumulo mitanda.

Pa wapakamwa kuchokera kum'mwera lidakalipobe membala asanu zikuchokera. Amakhala niches awiri ndi mazenera atatu oyenerera therebetween. Ancient mapulani Petro ndi Paulo mpingo Kozhevniki korona kukongoletsa-tsamba asanu pamwamba. ndodo ofukula kwambiri choyambirira, wodzigudubuza wokha sukhalira chokongoletsedwa apse wa mpingo. Atanyamuka yaing'ono arches semicircular.

Kuphunzira amakedzana

zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi chidwi wa ulemerero mkati anapanga kalembedwe mwambo, zayambika m'zaka khumi ndi chinayi, theka lake lachiwiri. Wina chidwi ndi choyambirira mapulani kamangidwe ka St. Petro ndi Paulo anali ndi dongosolo la khomo la chipinda cha pamwamba osati mu makulidwe a linga (njira amenewa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga Novgorod mipingo XII-XV zaka), komanso osiyana mwala staircase unali mu gawo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kachisi . Kodi chidwi, ndi Mbali imeneyi ya kachisi ndipo ikusonyeza akubwereza phwando amene anali amisiri wa kachisi wotchuka wa Fedora Stratilata, anamanga mu 1360.

Kale m'zaka za m'ma XVIII, linali lofika kum'mwera kwa yopemphereramo wa Hierarchs atatu. Patapita kanthawi, kumbali ya kumadzulo anamanga yaing'ono belu nsanja.

Mu nthawi ya ku XV kuti XVI m'ma zasintha mpingo wonse wa St. Peter ndi Paulo wofufuta zikopa. Plan zomangira zake zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri - izo zakhala yosanjikizana. Mu dera la kumadzulo kwa kwayara anayamba adzaikidwa kumene makwerero kutsogolera kuchokera ku ngodya kumpoto chakumadzulo. Motero, podtserkove kapena ayi - chapansi. Mpingo womwewo unali pansi wachiwiri Ndime otchedwa.

Zojambula ndi murals

Anamanga zipata ndi mtundu waukulu, ndipo nditagwa mu nthawi pamene mpingo unagawidwa apansi awiri. Mbali ya zipata ife anayang'ana kupyolera zotsalira za zojambula wakale, ndipo wina akhoza kuona mbali imodzi chifaniziro cha Mtumwi Paulo ndi Petro, pa zina - mngelo ndi lupanga mu dzanja lake.

Ikuchitika fano kusanthula kafukufuku Gusev Paulo anapeza kuti chithunzi cha Atumwi Petro ndi Paulo ananyongedwa luso mafuta utoto ndi kalembedwe wokongola, ndipo Mngelo - pa njira Zojambula pakhoma. Kumapeto anaona kuti zinthu zili Nthawi chosiyana. Angela amati ndi atumwi XVI, Petro ndi Paulo m'chifanizo - kwa XVIII atumwi, pamene kachisi anasamukira ku yosanja.

Today kachisi ndi chitatha, ndi utumiki si anapereka. Tsopano pali nthambi ya State Museum-Reserve, amene umagwira Lachitatu ndipo Sunday ku 11:00 m'mawa 16,00. Lolemba ndi Lachiwiri - masiku. Pakhomo amalipiritsa - 50 rubles, ophunzira ndi ana -. 30 pakani, ana kwa zaka 16 -. Free. Chaka chilichonse October 1 March 1, m'nyumbayi yatsekedwa.