PON-luso - chabe kuwala maukonde

Kukula kwa ogula Internet ntchito omvera ndipo, chotero, owerenga burodibandi liyenela kukhazikitsa umisiri watsopano. Data kulankhulana nthawi zonse tiyenera kukweza mphamvu mizere, zomwe zimachititsa utumiki makampani pomwe mudziwe magalimoto ngalande. Koma popanda kukula mu kufala deta zimachitika ndi mavuto a mtundu wina, amene afotokozedwa mu kuwonjezeka ndalama utumiki Intaneti unyinji wochuluka ndi kukuza osiyanasiyana zosowa yotsiriza wosuta. Njira imodzi ndi konza okwana dongosolo PON-luso aya ntchito zomwe zimathandiza kukumbukira mphamvu Intaneti kukuza zina chawo ndi magwiridwe.

Kuwala CHIKWANGWANI ndi PON luso

Kukula latsopano facilitates gulu luso ndi ntchito anapitiriza Intaneti deta mudziwe kufala, koma izi zimatheka chifukwa cha mlili wa ubwino mwachizolowezi limasonyeza kuwala. Ngakhale lero, pa maziko a oyamba a zipangizo zina zamakono anapitiriza ntchito njira inamangidwa pa ukalamba awiriawiri telefoni ndi njira xDSL. Mwachionekere, maukonde mwayi pa zinthu izi makamaka wotaya mu mizere Mwachangu CHIKWANGWANI-coaxial, amene sangathe amatengedwa kuti zinthu zaphindu miyezo ya lero.

Mophunzitsa Intaneti miyambo ndi mafoni njira kulankhulana akhala kulimbikitsa ndi CHIKWANGWANI kuwala. Koma ngati pamaso kuika mawaya anali yovuta zedi kwa mabungwe ambiri lero kuwala zigawo akhala zambiri mosavuta. Kwenikweni, pamaso usasungunuke ankagwiritsa ntchito yokonza makasitomala wamba, kuphatikizapo Efaneti. Chotsatira chinali kukula kwa maukonde kutumiza mauthenga zochokera yaying'ono-SDH zomangamanga, anatsegula njira watsopano. Pa dziko lino ndipo anapeza ntchito yake ndi maganizo Intaneti PON.

zopezera standardization

Zoyesayesa oyamba standardize luso akhala kucitika mu 1990s, pamene gulu la makampani kutumiza mauthenga ndinkadabwa lingaliro kuzindikira kuchita lingaliro limodzi mwayi angapo chabe CHIKWANGWANI kuwala. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, bungwe dzina lake FSAN, kaphatikizidwe ndi ntchito, ndipo maukonde zida opanga. Cholinga anali kulenga ndi FSAN phukusi ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu ndipo amafuna kukhala PON hardware kuti opanga zida ndi utumiki wosamalira mukhoza kumagwira ntchito limodzi mu gawo lomwelo. Pakali pano, ulalo chabe, zochokera luso PON, bungwe malinga ndi mfundo ITU-T, ATM ndi ETSI.

Mfundo zochita maukonde

Mbali yaikulu ya PON lingaliro ndi zomangamanga zachokera pa gawo limodzi kuti ndi udindo deta HIV ndi phwando ntchito. chigawo ili mu OLT a dongosolo Zimathandizanso kuti mfundo chapakati kutumikira kuchuluka kwa olembetsa wa mudziwe umayenda. Mapeto wolandila zida amachita ont, amene nawonso, amachita monga chopatsilira ndi. Chiwerengero cha okwerera wolembetsa olumikizidwa kwa gawo kulandira chapakati ndi kupatsira, wodalira yekha pa mphamvu ndi pazipita mathamangidwe zida ntchito PON. umisiri ndi, mfundo, si kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ophunzira mu maukonde, koma magwiritsidwe akadakwanitsira ntchito telefoni, kutukula adakachititsidwabe zopinga zina malinga ndi kasinthidwe amalumikizana yeniyeni. Kuwulutsa mudziwe otaya ku chapakati kulandira tofalitsa wagawo ndi wolembetsa wagawo amachitidwa pa timaganiza chigawo cha 1550 nm. Koma deta n'zosiyana otaya ku zipangizo ogula kuti OLT ndi opatsirana pa timaganiza za 1310 nm. utuluke awa ayenera kuonedwa payokha.

Forward ndi n'zosiyana otaya

Waukulu (ie molunjika) otaya kwa maukonde gawo chapakati amatanthauza kulengeza kwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwala mzere gawo deta chonse otaya, kusonyeza minda adiresi. Motero, aliyense wolembetsa wagawo "imati" uthenga anafuna kuti iye. Chotero mfundo deta yogawa angatchedwe demultipleksornym.

Nawonso n'zosiyana ikuyenda ntchito mzere umodzi wailesi deta olembetsa onse olumikizidwa kwa maukonde. Popeza chiwembu cha angapo kupeza nthawi magawano. Kuti achotse Mwina chizindikiro kuwoloka kuchokera amalandira angapo deta aliyense chipangizo wolembetsa mfundo ali ndi ndondomeko yake aliyense payekha kuwombola deta kusintha pochedwetsa. Iyi ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu zimene kuzindikira luso PON, mwa mawu a mogwirizana kwa wolandila-chopatsilira gawo ndi ogwiritsa mapeto. Komabe, Intaneti The kasinthidwe dera akhoza kukhala topologies osiyana.

Mtunda, "Point kuti Lozani"

Pankhaniyi, dongosolo P2P kuti akhoza anachita mfundo wamba, ndi ntchito yapadera yokhudza Mwachitsanzo, kutsegula zipangizo kuwala. The madontho wolembetsa deta chitetezo intaneti wa mtundu uwu amatiteteza pazipita zotheka Intaneti amenewa. Koma atagona mzere kuwala kwa wina ndi wosuta ikuchitika payokha, kotero mtengo wa bungwe njira ngati kumawonjezera zayamba. Munjira ina, izi si wamba, koma misewu munthu, ngakhale malo, amene umagwira ntchito pa wolembetsa wagawo angathenso anthu enanso. Ambiri, njira imeneyi ndi bwino kuti azilandira akuluakulu mzere chitetezo ndi kofunika kwambiri.

Mtunda "mphete"

chiwembu Izi zachokera SDH kasinthidwe ndi bwino anafotokoza mu Intaneti msana. Tikawonetsetsa chamawonedwe mphete mtundu sakhala ogwira ndi mphamvu ya Intaneti mwayi. Choncho, gulu la mzinda msewu pamalo a mfundo masamu ngakhale pa siteji kapangidwe koma maukonde mwayi zikhale zosatheka kuti aone pasadakhale chiwerengero cha mayunitsi wolembetsa.

Zoperekedwa mwachisawawa kugwirizana kanthawi ndi okhudza malo a olembetsa mphete dera akhoza kwambiri kumva. Zochita chotero kasinthidwe nthawi zambiri amapita ku dera wosweka kukhala kuchuluka kwa nthambi. Izi zimachitika pamene kumayambiriro olembetsa yatsopano anachita ndi zigawo kusiyana alipo. Mwachitsanzo, kugwirizana ungadzakhazikitsidwe zingwe zopota amene limagwirizana mu mzere umodzi. Chifukwa ndi "mtima wosweka" zingwe kuti pa ntchito amachepetsa kudalirika kwa maukonde.

Features wa EPON zomangamanga

Zoyesayesa woyamba kumanga PON maukonde kwa ogula pafupifupi Kuphunzira kwa luso Efaneti, zinalengedwa mu 2000, nsanja chitukuko cha mfundo za mapangidwe Intaneti wakhala mamangidwe a EPON, ndipo monga muyezo waukulu unayamba mfundo IEEE, potengera zimene zimachititsa kusankha anthu a m'gulu amenewa anayamba Intaneti PON. EFMC luso Mwachitsanzo, serviced mtunda "mfundo kuwalozera" ntchito zopotoka mkuwa awiriawiri. Koma lero, dongosolo lino pafupifupi konse ntchito mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa CHIKWANGWANI. Ngati fanizoli, m'madera ambiri zingamuthandize adakali luso ofotokoza ADSL.

Mu masiku mawonekedwe a muyezo EPON zagwiridwa kwa madera angapo, koma mmene waukulu embodiments ake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito masanjidwe mosiyana EPON muyezo PON zamalumikizidwe luso amatipatsanso mphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito Mabaibulo ena a transceivers kuwala.

Features wa GPON zomangamanga

GPON zomangamanga zimathandiza kuti litsatira mwayi maukonde zochokera APON muyezo. Mu njira ya zomangamanga bungwe la mchitidwe kuwonjezeka bandwidths network komanso kulenga zinthu kwa zosavuta ntchito kutengerapo. GPON ndi scalable chimango dongosolo kuti amalola zambiri kutumikira olembetsa mu mitengo otaya mpaka 2.5 Gbit / c. Choncho chigamulo changa ndi utuluke mwachindunji ungatithandizire mofanana kapena modes osiyana liwiro. Komanso GPON kasinthidwe mwayi maukonde amapereka encapsulation aliyense mu protocol zoyendera kaya utumiki synchronous. Ngati SDH akhoza anazindikira basi malo amodzi Chigawo cha zingwe zatsopano GPON protocol GFP dongosolo pokhalabe ndi makhalidwe a chimango SDH ndipo amalola mphamvu Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa magulu.

Ubwino wa njira

Mwa ubwino waukulu ulusi kuwala mu chiwembu PON zimatulutsa palibe limasonyeza wapakatikati pakati pa chopatsilira chapakati ndi wolandila-wolembetsa, chuma, chomasuka kugwirizana ndi Kutukula. Mbali yaikulu ubwino ndi chifukwa bungwe zomveka Intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, intaneti amaperekedwa mwachindunji, kotero kulephera kwa mmodzi wa pafupi mayunitsi wolembetsa sikumangotikhudza ntchito zake. Ngakhale osiyanasiyana owerenga, ndithudi, pamodzi kugwirizana kwa wagawo lalikulukulu, amene amasankha khalidwe la utumiki wa onse zomangamanga ophunzira. Tiyenera kuganizira mtengo mtunda P2MP, ndilo kwambiri wokometsedwa njira kuwala. kasinthidwe limapereka ntchito zopezera kaya malo wolembetsa mfundo Chifukwa ndalama yogawa mizere kulandira ndi kufalitsa mauthenga. Pa nthawi yomweyo analola oyamba atsopano popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe alipo.

Kuipa maukonde PON

Lonse ntchito njira imeneyi akadali penapake chindiletsa mfundo zofunika. Woyamba ndi kuchulukitsa kwa dongosolo. ubwino ntchito za mtundu wa maukonde zingakhalepo ngati koyamba kuphedwa khalidwe kapangidwe kuganizira mfundo zina zabwino zambiri luso. Nthawi zina njira yopulumukira amakhala PON kupeza zipangizo zamakono, amene amathandiza kuti gulu la chiwembu yosavuta typological. Koma mu nkhani iyi ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera kwa zolakwa zina - kusowa kwa mbali redundancy.

kudziyesa maukonde

Pamene mbali iliyonse ya chitukuko cha zopezera dera chachikulu anadutsa ndi zomwe zagwiridwa miyeso luso, akatswiri anayamba kuyezetsa zomangamanga. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zowonetsera maukonde imagwiridwa qualitatively kuyeza attenuation pa mzere. Kwa kusanthula njira pamaso pa testers kuwala ntchito mabacteria mabvuto. miyezo onse ali pa mizere yogwira ntchito multiplexers ndi Zosefera. Scale telefoni maukonde zambiri anayesedwa ntchito OTDR. Koma zida umenewo kumafuna maphunziro apadera a owerenga, osanenapo chakuti kuda chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti ayenera kuchita magulu Katswiri.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale mavuto onse kusintha makampani umisiri watsopano kuti kupereka ntchito telefoni, mwamsanga kuphunzira ogwira njira. Pang'onopang'ono kufalitsa ndi zovuta luso ntchito CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe kachitidwe, monga PON luso. "Rostelecom" Mwachitsanzo, unayamba ntchito kwambiri kwa mtundu watsopano mu 2013. Access kuti ziri ndi mphamvu ya Intaneti kuwala PON oyambirira kulandira anthu a dera Leningrad. Kodi chidwi kwambiri, ndi athandizi wapereka zomangamanga CHIKWANGWANI-chamawonedwe, ngakhale m'midzi ya m'deralo. Zochita izi adzalola kuti azilandira kusangalala osati telefoni ndi mwayi internet, komanso kugwirizana kwa digito kanema wailesi.